Download Ch. 13 Powerpoint

Respiratory
System ...
... exchanges
gases with
the body and
its
environment.
2
Animals exchange gases
(Respire) in several different
ways...
2
Some with gills,
Some with body tubes,
Some, by diffusion through
their skin or cell membrane,
and many use LUNGS!
Human Respiration
Lungs
exchange
Oxygen
and
Carbon
Dioxide
T or F The lungs
breathe.
False The lungs
are just
spongy organs
that fill with
air...
... the organ
that causes
you to breathe
is the
DiaphragmMuscle below
ribcage that
causes you to
breathe
1. Inhalation
“breathing in”.
The diaphragm
pulls
down and the
ribcage
expands.
2. Exhalation
“breathing out”
the diaphragm
moves up and
the ribcage
pushes in.
Respiratory Parts and Functions
• Nose- traps dust
• Nasal Chamber- warms
air
• Epiglottis- covers
windpipe while
swallowing
• Trachea- windpipe
vocal cords
• Bronchi- tubes
to lungs
• Bronchiolessmall tubes
within lungs
• Alveoli- air
sacs within
lungs that
exchange
gases with
the
bloodstream.
One cell thin.
Alveoli have enough surface area from
one person’s lungs to cover the floor
of a
basketball
court!
... carbon
dioxide from
the blood
diffuses into
the alveoli and
oxygen from
the alveoli
diffuses into
the blood.
Excretory
System
... removes
cellular
wastes from
the
bloodstream
.
Dirty Blood
Clean Blood
...also called
Urinary System
Cellular Wastes
• Carbon dioxide- produced
when oxygen is burned.
• Ammonia- produced when
glucose is burned. Often
converted to urea(liquid
waste) by the liver.
Other Wastes
• Water- when in excess
• Salt- when in excess
• Foreign Chemicalspollutants, alcohol, drugs,
food additives, etc.
Animals excrete cellular
wastes in several ways!
One - celled animals release
wastes by simple diffusion
out the
cell
membrane.
Worms collect liquid cellular
wastes in small tubes and
excrete out
their skin.
Insects reabsorb water and
release their cellular waste
with
leftover
food out
their
anus.
Most animals, including
humans, have
kidneys,
specialized
organs for
removing
cellular wastes
from the blood.
Pig ureter
Human Excretory
Organs
• Lungs- removes CO2 and
water
• Skin- removes water,
salts, some CO2 and urea
• Kidney- main organ of
excretion (except CO2)
Human Plumbing
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
How a Kidney Works
... blood passes through the
kidney and wastes are
collected and
sent to
the urinary
bladder.
Inside the Kidney
...nephrons
filter the
wastes out
of the blood
by diffusion.
Nephrons are very small.
Thousands of them collect
wastes and water(urine) which is
sent to the urinary bladder.
Nephron
2ls30353
Urinary Bladder...
... is a muscular organ that
expands to hold urine.
Excretory System ...
... removes cellular
wastes