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Software System Software Application Software Plymouth State University System Software Plymouth State University What is Software? Step-by-step instructions(program) Software controls the hardware Software Package includes: • Instructions for the Hardware (Programs) • Data Plymouth State University Software Categories System Software • Operating System – Graphic User Interface • Device Drivers • Utility Programs Application Software Plymouth State University One of the First “Personal Computers” Plymouth State University One of the First “Personal Computers” (1975) Plymouth State University Without an Operating System Consider what had to be done to the Altair 8800 hobbyist computer every time it was turned on! • First, load the Operating System: – Enter a short program via switches (“fat fingering”). – Use this short program to input additional programs through a paper tape reader. • Then, load any programs: – Other programs, such as BASIC, would then be loaded. • It took 20 or 30 minutes preparation to do something. Plymouth State University Working with System Software Users Software Hardware System Software Plymouth State University Working with Application Software Users Application Software Software System Software Hardware Plymouth State University Operating System What It Does Booting CPU management File management Task management Plymouth State University “Booting” (starting up the computer) • Cold boot: – Starting up the computer by turning the power on. – Operating system in ROM looks and loads remaining operating system into RAM. • Warm boot: – Reloads the operating system into RAM without disrupting the power to the disk drives or power supply. Plymouth State University Management of Files • File: the name given to any program or chunk of data that is stored on a computer. – Most computers today have Hierarchical File systems. – Files are stored in groupings (folders or directories). Plymouth State University Input / Output of Information All types of information are stored in binary form. 000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010 110101000111001010001000101001000100010101010100010 001010100110011100111100001010111000011100101010101 010100011100101000100010100100010001010101010001011 000101010011001110011110000101011100001110010101010 • Problem: The computer has no way of discerning between types unless a file is marked in some manner for identification by the operating system. Plymouth State University File Storage A file is a named collection of data stored on a disk or tape You supply the name The application supplies the extension Plymouth State University File Names . DOS - FILENAME EXT 8 . 3 • FILENAME - Determined by user • EXT - Determined by Application Windows 98, XP, etc. - Up to 255 characters • My First Lab for CS110.doc Plymouth State University Files may Contain Programs (.EXE, .COM, .DLL) Data (.DOC, .WK1 - determined by program) Commands (.BAT) Source Code (.BAS, .C) Plymouth State University Working With Files To use a file in Windows you may: • Start the application, then open the file OR • Double-click on the file icon (docucentric) Plymouth State University Operating System Where does the operating system reside? • ROM (Read Only Memory) – Contains startup software instructions (BIOS). • RAM (Random Access Memory) – The main part of the operating system is transferred from a secondary memory source, usually a hard disk to RAM. • The complete operating system is contained in both ROM and RAM in the computer. Plymouth State University Software Main Memory RAM BIOS ROM Hardware Plymouth State University Software Main Memory Windows RAM BIOS ROM Hardware Plymouth State University Software Main Memory Application1 Windows RAM BIOS ROM Hardware Plymouth State University Software Main Memory Application2 Application1 Windows RAM BIOS ROM Hardware Plymouth State University Limited Main Memory • Virtual Memory - addresses the problem of a program being too big to fit into the available RAM. – The operating system divides the program into pieces. – The pieces are stored on the hard disk. – The pieces are retrieved into RAM as needed. • Disadvantage: This slows the system down, because retrieval of information from the disk is time consuming. Plymouth State University Task Management Multitasking Multiprogramming (multi-user) Time-sharing (round-robin) Multiprocessing (multi-CPU) Plymouth State University Single-user, Single-tasking Plymouth State University Multi-user, Multi-tasking Plymouth State University Real-time processing • Involves human interaction with the computer. • Requires quick or timely return of results. • ATM: Want cash back NOW, not tomorrow! Plymouth State University Process Control • Refers to the control of some process by a computer in real time. • Robotics: Maneuvering a robot’s arm. Plymouth State University Menus Pull-up menu - a list of options that pulls up from the bottom of the screen Plymouth State University Menus Fly-out menus menus that seem to explode out to the right Plymouth State University Menus Pull-down menu - a list of options that pulls down from the top of the screen Plymouth State University My Computer Window Plymouth State University Handhelds Operating System Platforms Palm OS Windows CE/Pocket PC Plymouth State University Operating System Trends User-friendly Networking Multi-user Multi-tasking Open vs. Proprietary Plymouth State University Other System Software Device drivers Utility programs Plymouth State University Examples of Utilities Calculator Notepad Virus Check Check Disk for errors De-fragment disk Plymouth State University Disk Cleanup Plymouth State University Defragment Utility Fragmented Defragmented Plymouth State University Device Drivers To add devices not directly supported by the Operating System Examples: • • • • CD-ROM Scanners New Printers MODEMs Plymouth State University Windows User Interface Plymouth State University Mac OS User Interface Plymouth State University Linux User Interface Plymouth State University Windows Folders CS110 Like File Folders Folders may contain Other Folders Folders may contain Files My Report Budget The “ROOT” Directory A:\ Application Software Plymouth State University Working With Files Application Software User OPERATING SYSTEM Budget File Plymouth State University Associating File Extensions with Applications Can you connect each data file with its application(s)? Plymouth State University Types of Application Software Copyright • • • • Commercial Shareware Freeware Rentalware Non-Copyright • Public domain Plymouth State University Application Software Word Processing Desktop Publishing Spreadsheet Graphics Database Reference E-mail Games Plymouth State University The Help Command Help command - a command generating a table of contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you locate answers Plymouth State University Documents To convey our ideas to others Letters Job Applications Reports Publication Plymouth State University Early Document Plymouth State University Fonts Font - typeface and type size 10 point Times New Roman 14 point Arial Black 16 point Courier 32 point Arial Plymouth State University Word Processing Integrating Tables & Graphs Writing Tools • Spelling Checker • Online Thesaurus • Grammar & Style Checker Plymouth State University Spreadsheet Graphics Analytical graphics - graphical forms that make numeric data easy to analyze Plymouth State University Database Personal Information Manager Plymouth State University Software Suites Usually contain: • • • • Word Processor Spreadsheet Database Communications Examples: • Microsoft Office • Lotus SmartSuite • COREL Office Plymouth State University Desktop Publishing Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software Plymouth State University Publishing Without Paper Creating Documents Word Processing • HTML Documents • Distribution • Portable Documents (PDF) Plymouth State University Computer Art Programs Drawing programs Painting programs Plymouth State University Drawing & Painting Programs Drawing program graphics software that allows users to design and illustrate objects and products Vector image Painting program graphics program that allows users to simulate painting on screen Plymouth State University Raster image Painting Software Free-hand Bit-mapped Once something is drawn, it becomes part of the overall painting Plymouth State University 64 Drawing Software Object-oriented Lines & shapes may be combined into objects Objects may be moved as a single item Plymouth State University 65 CAD Used for scaled drawings Architecture Mechanical Design Plymouth State University 66 Project Management Software Manage projects that involve others Used to plan and schedule the people, costs, and resources to complete a project on time Plymouth State University FTP File Transfer Plymouth State University Audio Editing Plymouth State University Windows Media Player Plymouth State University Intellectual Property Copyright • • • • Publisher owns software User is granted a license to use it No copies to be made Used on one computer Not recognized by all countries Software Piracy Plymouth State University Software Licenses Signed Contract Shrinkwrap Single-use Multi-use Concurrent-use Site License Plymouth State University Software Piracy Illegal copying of Software Illegal Distribution of Software Illegal Use of Software Plymouth State University What is software piracy? Software piracy is the unauthorized copying, reproduction, use, or manufacture of software product(s) protected by U.S. and international copyright law. On average, for every authorized copy of computer software in use, at least one unauthorized or "pirated" copy is made. In some countries, up to 99 unauthorized copies are made for every authorized copy in use. Plymouth State University Diskette Software Installation 1 of 30 30 of 30 Plymouth State University CD-ROM Software Installation Plymouth State University Exam Next Week Lectures from Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, Chapters 1 & 2 from the Textbook Plymouth State University Sample Exam Questions Fill-ins: The ___________ refers to the part of the internet that presents information in multimedia form. “_________ technology” merges computing with high-speed communications. Possible answers: Web Cable Information Comp-com Multiple choice: Which is the main circuit board in the computer? a. RAM chip (random access memory) b. CPU processor chip (central processing unit) c. motherboard (system board) d. hard drive Short answer: What is multimedia? What is the function of RAM? What does downloading mean? Plymouth State University