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MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
1993-1997
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MMWR 1993 - 1997
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal 1995-1997
Epi Info
Software for Epidemiologists
Yellow Book
Health Information for International Travel
CDC WONDER
CDC WONDER -- DOS application
Other Publications
The ABCs of Safe and Healthy Child Care, Addressing
Emerging Infectious Disease Threats, Cryptosporidium and Water, Preventing Nosocomial
Pneumonia, Prevention of Intravascular Device-Related Infections, Isolation Precautions in
Hospitals, Hepatitis Surveillance, An Ounce of Prevention, Surveillance in a Suitcase
How to Search the CD-ROM
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
WHAT
The CDC publication Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is a vehicle for communicating scientific information to the public health community. The MMWR comprises four components: the Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report (weekly), the MMWR Recommendations and Reports, the CDC Surveillance Summaries, and the Annual Summary of Notifiable Diseases. The information published in the MMWR is used in
forming both public health practice and policy.
WEEKLY PUBLICATION
The MMWR (weekly) contains data on specific diseases as reported by state and territorial health departments
and reports on infectious and chronic diseases, environmental hazards, natural or human-generated disasters,
occupational-associated health problems and injuries, and intentional and unintentional injuries. Also included
are reports on topics of international interest and notices of events of interest to the public health community.
SERIAL PUBLICATIONS
The MMWR Recommendations and Reports contain in-depth articles that relay policy statements for prevention and treatment on all areas in CDC’s scope of responsibility (e.g., recommendations from the Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices). The CDC Surveillance Summaries provide a means for CDC programs to disseminate surveillance findings, permitting detailed interpretation of trends and patterns based on
those findings. The Annual Summary of Notifiable Diseases contains summary tables of statistics, as well as
graphs and maps on morbidity and mortality, for each of the 52 notifiable diseases (as of June 1995) reported
during a calendar year.
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
HISTORY
The precursor of the MMWR was Bulletin No. 1, a one-page document, published in 1878 as a direct result of
the first national quarantine act. The Bulletin was published for only 46 weeks, but during that time the value
of providing timely news of relevant health issues to persons entrusted with the public’s health was firmly
established. After the Bulletin ceased publication, the National Board of Health issued quarantine reports until
1887, when the Weekly Abstract of Sanitary Reports series was instituted. In 1897, this publication was subsumed into Public Health Reports, a weekly publication containing information on epidemics and morbidity
but also holding the status of a scientific journal. In the mid-1920s, Public Health Reports began publishing
monthly mortality reports extracted from material from the Bureau of the Census. Until 1949, the function of
gathering and compiling statistics on morbidity was housed first in the Division of Sanitary Reports and Statistics and then in the Division of Public Health Methods. In 1949, these functions were transferred to the National Office of Vital Statistics, and in 1950, this organization assumed responsibility for publishing reports of
morbidity in the Morbidity Weekly Report. In 1952, the publication was officially renamed the Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, and in 1961, CDC assumed responsibility for its publication.
DISTRIBUTION AND SUBSCRIPTION
MMWR is distributed free of charge in electronic form and on a paid subscription basis in paper form. Approximately 53,000 paper-copy subscriptions are distributed. In addition, many international and state/local
health departments feature reprints of reports from or entire issues of the MMWR series in their own publications. All material in the MMWR is in the public domain and may be used or reprinted without permission as
long as the MMWR is cited as the source. To receive a free electronic copy on Friday of each week, go to
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
CDC’s home page at http://www.cdc.gov and then to the “subscribe” button at the bottom of the page.
“Click” on the “subscribe” button and follow the directions to receive a free electronic subscription. If you
don’t have WWW access, send an e-mail message to [email protected]. The body content should read
subscribe mmwr-pdf to receive the full MMWR document, or subscribe mmwr-toc to receive just the table
of contents each week. Electronic copy is also available from CDC’s World-Wide Web server at http://
www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/mmwr.html. MMWR is also available from CDC’s anonymous file transfer protocol server at ftp.cdc.gov. Paper subscriptions are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402; telephone (202) 783-3238; or Massachusetts Medical
Society Publications, telephone (617) 893-3800 or (800) 843-6356. Most contributors to the publication are
staff at CDC and in state/local health departments, but anyone in the public health community can submit
articles for review and possible publication. To contact the editor and to submit material for publication contact MMWR Series, Mailstop C-08, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, United States of
America; telephone (404) 332-4555.
About Searching MMWR on this CD ROM
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a state-of-the-art, fully electronic journal that provides information on a new area of study, emerging infections, in three broad categories: 1) Perspectives, a section
addressing factors that underlie disease emergence; 2) Synopses, concise state-of-the-art summaries of specific diseases or syndromes and related emerging infectious disease issues; and 3) Dispatches, brief laboratory or epidemiologic reports with an international scope.
Since its debut in January 1995, EID, a peer-reviewed journal, has been published quarterly by the
National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC. EID is indexed in Current Contents, and in several other
databases, Index Medicus, and MEDLINE. Select an issue by clicking on it.
Volume 1, Number 1
Volume 1, Number 2
Volume 1, Number 3
Volume 1, Number 4
Volume 2, Number 1
Volume 2, Number 2
Volume 2, Number 3
Volume 2, Number 4
Volume 3, Number 1
Volume 3, Number 2
Volume 3, Number 3
Volume 3, Number 4
Volume 4, Number 1
About Searching EID on this CD ROM
Editorial Policy and Call for Articles
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed journal established expressly to promote the
recognition of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases around the world and improve the understanding of
factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination.
The journal has an international scope and is intended for professionals in infectious diseases and related
sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice,
and public health, as well as from specialists in economics, demography, sociology, and other disciplines.
Inquiries about the suitability of proposed articles may be directed to the editor at (404) 639-3967 (tel), (404)
639-3075 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail).
Emerging Infectious Diseases is published in English and features three types of articles: Perspectives,
Synopses, and Dispatches. Spanish translations of some articles can be accessed at
ftp://fcv.medvet.unlp.edu.ar/pub/EID.
Articles by authors from non-English-speaking countries can be made simultaneously available in English and in the author’s native language (electronic version of the journal only). Articles published in this way
are translated from English into the author’s native language and appear in the same issue of the journal.
Software for Epidemiologists
Epi Info 6, Do Epi
Epi Map, SSS1
Software for Epidemiologists
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with the World Health Organization,
provides the Epi Info series of software for collecting, maintaining, analyzing, and displaying public health
information. The programs are available without charge on this CD ROM and can be freely copied and distributed. They are also available on the Internet at http://www.cdc.gov.
v
Epi Info is a public domain database and statistics program for public health use that allows rapid
setup of new entry forms and produces tables, graphics, and epidemiologic statistics. Epi Info is used
in more than 117 countries for epidemiologic investigations, disease surveillance, and other public
health data management. The location on the CD ROM1 is x:\cd97\software\epiinfo for the English
version, x:\cd97\software\eiespan for the Spanish version, and x:\cd97\software\eifrench for the
French version. Update to the English version that provides year-2000-compatible date support is
located in x:\cd97\software\epiinfo\update.
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Epi Map is a mapping program that uses public domain or user-created boundary files to display data
from Epi Info or dBASE files as color/pattern or dot-density maps or noncontiguous cartograms. The
location on the CD ROM is x:\cd97\software\epimap.
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Statistical Software for Public Health Surveillance (SSS1) is software for analyzing public health
surveillance data and includes software for Box-Jenkins, Time Series analysis, MMWR Figure I”
graphs, robust trends, and comparison of surveillance data from two sources. The location on the CD
ROM is x:\cd97\software\sss1.
Software for Epidemiologists
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DoEpi is a series of educational case studies and computer exercises designed to teach both epidemiology and the use of Epi Info. The exercises are presented in hypertext format, using the facilities of Epi
Info. DoEpi is located on the CD ROM at x:\cd97\software\doepi.
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Epi Info 2000 will be an entirely new system for MicrosoftTM Windows 95TM and Windows NTTM. Epi
Info 2000 is written in MicrosoftTM Visual Basic. It will provide public domain software for creating,
managing, and analyzing MicrosoftTM AccessTM and other databases using SQL. The analysis module
will produce maps, graphs, and epidemiologic statistics.
_______________
1. “X” refers to your CD ROM drive.
The Yellow Book
Health Information for International Travel, 1996 - 97 (The Yellow Book)
This book is published annually by the Division of Quarantine, National Center for Infectious Diseases,
CDC, for use as a reference by health departments, physicians, travel agencies, international airlines, shipping companies, and other private and public agencies that advise international travelers concerning the risks
they might encounter when visiting other countries. It specifies the vaccinations required by different countries and includes information on measures for travelers to take to protect their health and facilitate their
travel. The “Yellow Book” and region-specific health recommendations for travelers can be found on this
CD ROM at x:\yellow.
Other Publications
Other Publications (“Click” on the publication to read.)
•
The ABCs of Safe and Healthy Child Care (abc1.pdf)
•
Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats: A Prevention Strategy for the United States
(emergdis.pdf)
•
Cryptosporidium and Water: A Public Health Handbook (crypto.pdf)
•
Guideline for Prevention of Intravascular Device-Related Infections (ivguid.pdf)
•
Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals (isolguid.pdf)
•
Guideline for Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia (pneummwr.pdf)
•
Hepatitis Surveillance (hepsur95.pdf)
•
An Ounce of Prevention (book-all.pdf)
•
Surveillance in a Suitcase
Other Publications
About Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats: A Prevention Strategy for the United States
Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats: A Prevention Strategy for the United States was developed
by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in partnership with local and state public health
officials, other federal agencies, medical and public health professional associations, infectious disease experts
from academia and clinical practice, and international and public service organizations. The plan addresses the
urgent need to improve the nation’s ability to identify infectious disease threats and respond to them
effectively. The plan, and its subsequent updates, will serve as guides for CDC’s work in collaboration with its
partners in safeguarding the nation from the threat of emerging infectious diseases.
About The ABCs of Safe and Healthy Child Care
CDC’s handbook for child care providers, The ABCs of Safe and Healthy Child Care, is a 139-page book that
includes information on how disease is spread and recommends policies and practices that should be instituted
in child care settings to prevent disease, injury, and environmental exposures. It also includes 1- or 2-page fact
sheets on many common childhood illnesses and conditions, a first aid chart, a resource guide for obtaining
additional information (many with toll-free numbers), and a list of the poison control centers throughout the
United States.
Other Publications
About Cryptosporidium and Water: A Public Health Handbook
“Cryptosporidium and Water: A Public Health Handbook” is a publication of the Working Group on Waterborne
Cryptosporidiosis, a multidisciplinary group composed of representatives from CDC, EPA, FDA, USDA, state
and local health departments, the drinking water industry, and organizations representing the concerns of
immunocompromised persons. The handbook was developed to assist local and state health departments and water
utilities in preparing and responding to reports of Cryptosporidium oocysts in tap water or in a community’s source
of drinking water (river, lake, or well).
Hepatitis Surveillance (Report Number 56)
This report, issued in April 1996, summarizes information from state health departments, university investigators, virology laboratories, and other pertinent sources, domestic and foreign, about acute viral hepatitis. It is
intended primarily for persons responsible for disease control. Report Number 56 can be found on this CD
ROM at x:\other\hepsur95.pdf.
Guidelines from the National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID) and the Hospital Infection
Control Practices Advisory Committee
Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals. This guideline contains 1) Evolution of Isolation Practices and 2) Recommendations for Isolation in Hospitals. The recommendations are intended primarily
for use in the care of patients in acute-care hospitals.
Other Publications
Guideline for Prevention of Intravascular Device-Related Infections. This document is intended for use
by personnel responsible for surveillance and control of infections in acute-care, hospital-based settings, but many of the recommendations may be adapted for use in the outpatient or home-care setting.
It contains two parts: 1) Intravascular Device-Related Infections: An Overview and 2) Recommendations for Prevention of Intravascular Device-Related Infections.
Guideline for Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia. Produced in 1994, this revised guideline is designed
to reduce the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and intended for use by personnel who are responsible for surveillance and control of infections in acute-care hospitals. It contains two parts: 1) Issues
on Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia—1994 and 2) Recommendations for Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia.
To contact the National Center for Infectious Diseases write NCID, Mail Stop C-12,1600 Clifton Road N.E.,
Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States of America; telephone (404) 639-3401
Surveillance in a Suitcase
Surveillance in a Suitcase is a training manual which follows the book “Principles and Practice
of Public Health Surveillance” edited by Steven M. Teutsch and R. Elliott Churchill (Oxford University
Press, 1994). Each of the 13 chapters were written by staff at the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. The text provides a practical and up-to-date reference on the topic of public health surveillance and is the basis of this training manual. There are 14 lessons in the training package. Each
lesson consists of a lecture outline and appropriate overheads that follow the narrative.
Other Publications
Two work exercises dealing with public health surveillance and other practical exercises are included. This manual is to be used for teaching public health surveillance to public health and other
health professionals.
The manual consists of the following components:
1.
Introduction (Table of Contents)
Lessons 1-14
2.
3.
Slide Sets 1-14 (in PDF format)
Slide Set 1
Slide Set 2
Slide Set 3
Slide Set 4
Slide Set 5
Slide Set 6
Slide Set 7
Slide Set 8
Slide Set 9
Slide Set 10
Slide Set 11
Slide Set 12
Slide Set 13
Slide Set 14
4.
Microsoft7 Powerpoint7 Slide Sets 1-14 (PPT) To access PPT slide sets go to
x:\cd97\episuit\ppt and select the appropriate slide set using Microsoft7 Office 97 Powerpoint7 program. If you don’t have MS Office 97 Powerpoint7 a viewer is available at http://microsoft.com/
powerpoint/internet/viewer/ free of charge from Microsoft7. To customize Microsoft7 (MS)
Powerpoint7 Slide Sets 1-14 you must have MS Powerpoint977 or better.
The Table of Contents will link you to each lesson and its appropriate slide set.. Click on the
thumbnail slide set in each lesson to bring up a color slide for printing and on the lesson title to return to
the table of contents. Slides are conveniently placed to the left of the narrative where they should be
used and can be printed as a transparency.
CDC WONDER
CDC Wonder Vers. 3.2 DOS
CDC WONDER provides access to over 30 CDC databases and to other public health information resources. This install set contains
the latest, and last, DOS version of CDC WONDER: Version 3.2.
The DOS version of CDC WONDER has been available for five years and is being supplanted over time by the World Wide Web
version. The DOS WONDER system will be discontinued as of January 1, 2000. Established and prospective users of CDC WONDER are encouraged not to become invested in this DOS version, but to become familiar with the Web system instead.
For those without access to the World Wide Web, the DOS system will still provide access to most of CDC WONDER’s information
resources during its remaining lifetime.
User account required
New users of the DOS WONDER system will require an account and password to access the system. Contact CDC WONDER
Customer Support at [email protected] or by phone at (888) 496-8347.
System requirements
The DOS version of CDC WONDER requires an “IBM compatible” computer (386 or better) with 3-5 Mb of available hard drive
space and approximately 500K available RAM, and a Hayes-compatible modem (2400-38,400 bps).
This software is not Windows compatible; it was designed and written in the late 1980’s and early 90’s before Windows had achieved its
current prevalence. This software can usually be run successfully in a “DOS shell” under Windows 3.x, Windows 95, or Windows NT.
However, users with newer systems containing “Windows-only” modems may experience considerable difficulty getting it to run;
booting to DOS and loading special DOS modem drivers, or even acquiring another modem may be required.
CDC WONDER
DOS version install instructions
To install CDC WONDER Version 3.2 or to upgrade an existing CDC WONDER install to Version 3.2, at the DOS prompt type:
x:\cd97\software\wonder\INSTALL (“x:\” is the drive where your CD is located).
You will be prompted to specify the drive and path in which WONDER is to be installed or upgraded. The default drive and path
is “C:\WONDER”. If CDC WONDER Version 1.0 through Version 3.2 is already installed, and you want to upgrade or reinstall
over it, simply direct this process to install in the existing WONDER directory.
You may press ESCAPE at any time to stop the installation. However, if you are upgrading an existing CDC WONDER version,
you should NOT stop the installation once files have once files have begun copying to your system.
Installing on a LAN
Special features in support of LAN installation and modem pools are available. Please consult the appendix of the User documentation for detailed information.
“Click Here” to link to CDC Wonder on the World-Wide Web.