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Early Sociologists Sociology Auguste Comte (1798-1857) French Philosopher Founder of Sociology as a distinct subject Studied Social Order and Social Change Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) Conducted studies in the US and Britain Believed sociologists should try to improve society, not just study it Translated Comte into English Published: Society in America (1837) How to Observe Morals and Manners (1838) Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) Social Darwinism/ biological view The best aspects of society survive over time “Survival of the fittest”- Spencer coined this term. Justifies “Haves & Havenots” Karl Marx (1818-83) Society is divided into two classes: bourgeoisie (capitalists) & proletariat (workers) Inequality will lead to conflict (conflict theory) Communism Society is influenced greatly by the economy Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) Developed first course on Sociology in France Society is a set of interdependent parts Everything has functions (Think of bees in a hive) Max Weber (1864-1920) Effect of society on the individual Verstehen- Individuals attach meaning to their actions
