Download Carbon Dioxide

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
All living things use energy
How do living things get and use energy?
Through a
process called
The Carbon
Dioxide/Oxygen
Cycle
Photosynthesis
and Cellular
Respiration are
parts of this
cycle
What organisms go through
photosynthesis?
• Producers/autotrophs,
– such as plants, trees, algae, some
bacteria
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Definition: THE PROCESS BY WHICH GREEN
PLANTS USE LIGHT, WATER AND CARBON
DIOXIDE TO MAKE GLUCOSE (food) AND
MAKE THE SUN’S ENERGY AVAILABLE TO
ALL LIVING THINGS.
HOW DO THE MATERIALS FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENTER THE
PLANT???
Carbon Dioxide – enters the plant
through a pore called a STOMATA.
Water – enters the plant through the
roots and is carried up the stem by
the XYLEM. Water leaves the plant
through the STOMATA.
WHERE DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TAKE PLACE???
IN THE LEAVES,
SPECIFICALLY IN THE
CHLOROPLASTS!!!!
Where does photosynthesis take place?
• In the chloroplasts of plant cells found in
the leaves!
Plant
Plant Cell
Chloroplast
Stroma (fluid)
Parts of a Chloroplast
Thylakoid
(single sac)
Granum
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Chloroplasts have chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll is a
green pigment that
reacts to sunlight by
transferring energy
to e- (electrons)
• Makes chloroplasts
and plants look
green
• Reflect green light
waves from the sun
Role of Pigments
Pigments are light-absorbing colored molecules.
 Different pigments absorb different wavelengths
of light. Chlorophylls are the major lightabsorbing pigments in plants.
 They absorb energy from violet-blue light and
reflect green light, giving plants their green color.

Accessory Pigments
 Role of Accessory Pigments:
 Accessory pigments help plants absorb
additional light. Plants need to make
these accessory pigments to maximize
the amount of photosynthesis they can
do.
 More pigments = More glucose or food
for the plant!
Types of Accessory
Pigments
Carotenoids: reflect yellow, orange, and red light.
 Carotenoids give carrots and sweet potatoes their
orange color and are very common in our area.
 Anthocyans: reflect red, blue, violet light.
 Xanthophylls: reflect yellow light.

Accessory Pigments
 Accessory pigments are the reason leaves
change colors in autumn. In green leaves,
there is so much chlorophyll that it masks the
other pigments.
 In autumn, as trees prepare to lose their
leaves, the chlorophyll molecules break
down, revealing the colors of other pigments.
The colors red, yellow, and orange can be
seen.
CO2
H2O
SUGAR
PRODUCED
IS CALLED
GLUCOSE
C6H1206
O2 IS A
WASTE
PRODUCT
What exactly IS
photosynthesis???
Photosynthesis
• A CHEMICAL
REACTION!!!!!!!
• SO, PLANTS
CHANGE WATER,
CO2, AND
SUNLIGHT INTO
NEW
SUBSTANCES!!!
If you were making a cake, what
would the…
• Reactants be?
• Product be?
flour
eggs
sugar
water etc
a cake!
Photosynthesis Equation:
Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O
carbon
dioxide
water
C6H12O6 + 6O2
sugar
(glucose)
oxygen
The chemical reaction looks like this:
carbon dioxide + water + sunlight  glucose + oxygen
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Remember, THE BONDS that hold GLUCOSE together
CONTAIN THE ENERGY FROM THE SUN AND ARE
STORED FOR LATER USE BY THE PLANT........................
Photosynthesis Chemical Equation:
Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O
carbon
dioxide
water
=
C6H12O6 + 6O2
sugar
(glucose)
oxygen
Reactants
Products
“what is used”
“what is made”
Stroma (fluid)
Parts of a Chloroplast
Thylakoid
(single sac)
Granum
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Photosynthesis
Light-Dependent Reaction
- Occurs in thylakoid
membrane
Light-Independent Reaction
AKA Calvin Cycle
- Occurs in stroma
- sunlight is required
- sunlight is NOT
required
- O2 is produced from
water
-Glucose is produced
from CO2
Photosynthesis Chemical Equation:
Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O
carbon
dioxide
water
=
C6H12O6 + 6O2
sugar
(glucose)
oxygen
Reactants
Products
“what is used”
“what is made”
Photosynthesis:
This is the chemical reaction on Earth which allows the
amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to remain
constant.
• Photosynthesis removes 60 million tons of carbon
dioxide from the air each year.
• It occurs in all green plants on the surface of the Earth
and also in the algae (seaweed) and in plankton
(unicellular organisms) living near the surface of
bodies of water (such as the ocean).
• Finally, photosynthesis is the only way our planet
can regenerate oxygen gas (O2) for respiration of
living things. Without oxygen to breathe, aerobic
life would not exist.
• Oxygen is the product of photosynthesis. Without
oxygen, all animal and human life (including oxygen
loving decomposing bacteria) would die.
• Oxygen is used by living things to break down food
so that energy can be released.
Without oxygen gas,
nothing would be
able to burn.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
All living things use energy
How do living things get and use energy?
Through a
process called
The Carbon
Dioxide/Oxygen
Cycle
Photosynthesis
and Cellular
Respiration are
parts of this
cycle
• How do CONSUMERS obtain their energy???
• By a process called CELLULAR RESPIRATION…
DEFINITION:
Cellular Respiration is the process used
by living cells to break down sugar
molecules (glucose) that living things
obtain when they consume. ATP Energy
is then released from the glucose during
this process.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Glucose and Oxygen goes to the
mitochondria of a cell.
Energy is released from food in the mitochondria.
Oxygen is the key that unlocks the energy.
HOW DOES GLUCOSE GET INTO YOUR CELLS
•Food containing glucose goes to your stomach and
small intestines where food is digested.
•The glucose is absorbed through the walls of the
small intestines.
•The blood carries the glucose to your cells for
cellular respiration to occur.
•At the same time, oxygen is breathed in the lungs,
picked up by the red blood cells and transported to
every cell in the body.
Where does it take place???
• IN EVERY SINGLE CELL, SPECIFICALLY IN THE
MITOCHONDRIA!!!
C6H1206
O2
H20
ENERGY
RELEASED
CO2
Water and carbon dioxide are waste products
What exactly IS respiration???
• A CHEMICAL REACTION!!!
• ALL organisms change glucose and oxygen to
useable energy called ATP-energy, CO2, and
Water…
This chemical reaction involves oxygen and
results in the production of ATP energy,
carbon dioxide and water:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Energy
glucose oxygen
carbon water energy
dioxide
So, the reactions for photosynthesis and respiration are
OPPOSITES of one another. The products of one are the
reactants for the other. The equations look like this:
carbon dioxide + water + sunlight  glucose + oxygen
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
reactants
products
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Energy
reactants
products
Counting Atoms in Photosynthesis
Counting Atoms in Cellular Respiration
1. Name this cycle in nature.
2. What two processes are
going on in this picture?