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Invertebrates- Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms By: Isaiah Williams & Tyler Moskal 75% of all animals are Arthropods!! Arthropods Types of Arthropods Insects Arachnids • Bees • Spiders • Ants • Scorpions • Beetles • Mites • Etc.… • Tics Notes on Arthropods • Use a network of specialized cells (neurons) that serve as an info highway • Dorsal brain linked to a ventral nerve cord • One way digestive system but can vary • Hemocell provides body with oxygen and helps dispose of CO2 • Have book lungs and tracheas (lungs) • Some have exoskeleton while others have endoskeletons • Reproduce sexually • Bilateral symmetry • Bands of muscle tissues allow them to move Insects • Exoskeleton made of chitin • 3 part body (head, thorax, abdomen) • 3 pairs of jointed legs • Compound eyes and 1 antennae • Takes up more than half of animal population (Most diverse) • Can live anywhere Continued • More than 1 million species • Hatch from eggs/larvae (also molt later on in life) • Undergo some type of metamorphosis • Can have wings, gills, and water striders • Can also live in colonies Arachnids • Joint-legged • 8 legs (4 pairs) • Body divided into 2 (tagmata: cephalothorax, abdomen) • Don’t have wings or antennae's • Lack enteson muscles • Spiders & Scorpions use limbs hydraulically using pressure of their hemolymph • Use chelicerae for feeding and defense (appendage) • Use pedipalps for feeding, locomotion and reproductive functions (appendage) Types of Arthropods Crustaceans Centipedes/Millipedes • Crabs • Madagascar centipede • Shrimp • North American millipede • Barnacles Crustaceans • Biramous-2 parted limbs • Nauplius- form of larvae • Both aquatic and terrestrial • Some are parasitic and sessile • Shell can be divided into a dorsal tergum, ventral sternum, and lateral pleuron Continued • Open circulatory system • Gizzard like organ called gastric mill • Antennae, mandibles, and maxillae Millipedes & Centipedes • 2 pairs of legs on each body segment • Elongated metameric shape • 20-300 legs • Odd # of pairs of legs (Always) • Carnivorous • 2 single segments (fused together) • Elongated, cylindrical, or flattened bodies • 34-750 legs • Venom fangs called forcipules • 12,000 species • 8,000 species • Detritivores • • DON’T bite (secrete foul smelling chemical) Some can be very toxic and sometimes lethal • DO bite Skeletal System • Exoskeleton provides the organism with a lot of space for movement (joints, anchor for muscles and appendages) • Provides protection from the outside world • Hard outer shell composed of chitin • Other species exoskeletons are composed of lipids, proteins, and calcium carbonate Reproductive system • Separate sexes (male and female) • The gonads (paired sex organs) are connected directly to ducts that are located on the ventral surface of the trunk (exact location depends on species) • Sperm is transferred to female within seal packets called spermatophores. Mollusk • • • • • 112,000 different species Some are sedentary filter feeders Some are fast moving predators Have a true Coelom Oldest fossil was 500 million years old Notes on Mollusks • Bilateral symmetry • Move using their muscular foot, and tentacles • Nervous system: nerve bundles (ganglia) • Squids have eyes similar to humans • One way digestive system (siphon system) • Cephalopods: closed, Gastropods: open (circulatory system) • Have gills (siphons) respiratory system • Reproduce sexually using gonads Mollusk Types of Mollusks Cephalopods Gastropods • Squid • Snails • Cuttlefish • Slugs • Octopus Class Gastropod • 9000 species • Snails, abalones, conch • Have a single cell • Undergo a process know as “torsion” during larval development. • Can retreat its head into its mantle cavity when threatned. Class Cephalopods • Bilateral, Body symmetry • Prominent head, set of arms or tentacles and Mollusca foot. • 800 species • Most complex brains of invertebrates • Brains protected by cartilaginous cranium • Have beaks continue • Social creatures • Advanced vision • Can detect water density • Can camouflage themselves • Release ink when in danger • 2 gill hearts that move blood through capillaries • Move using jet propultion Cuttlefish • Live about 2 years • W-Shaped pupils • Eight arms • 2 tentacles • One of the largest brains of all invertebrates • One of the most intelligent invertebrates Snails & Slugs • Coiled shell • Can retreat into its shell for protection • Coated in a mucus that help them move and for protection • Don’t require large amounts of food • Can live in both water and on land • Can carry parasites Clams • Both freshwater and marine • Can weigh up to 340 lbs • Can live up to over 500 years old • Do not have heads and are blind • Filter feeders • 2 calcareous shells or valves Echinoderms Echinoderms • Radial symmetry • Star fish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumber, sea lilies • Can be found in every ocean depth • Can regenerate tissues, organs, and limbs • Undergoes metamorphosis • 7000 species • Mostly found in benthic zone • Use water vascular system Notes on Echinoderms • Radial symmetry • Move using tube feet (each arm has hundreds of tubes) • Also use water vascular system to aid in movement • Suckers to navigate • Nervous system: sensory cells, nerve ring, & eye spots detect light • One way digestive system (digest externally), push stomach outside body Continued • Excretory system: water vascular system (no kidneys) • Use diffusion/osmosis for circulatory system • Open circulatory system • No true hearts • Cilia circulates fluids • Fluid filled canals for gas exchange • Diffusion/osmosis for respiratory system (water vascular system) • Endoskeleton for skeletal support (covered by epidermis) • Reproduce sexually using spermatofors Sea Star • 1500 species • Live in every ocean • Can live in abyssal depths • Have a central discs and 5 arms • Can be smooth, ridged, or spiny • Tube feet operated by a hydraulic system Sea cucumber • Leathery skin and a elongated body • Found on the sea floor worldwide • 1717 species know • Very common in Asia • Help recycle nutrients • Have a endoskeleton Sea Urchin • 950 species • Spines used for protection • Can live 5000 meters deep • 3 to 10 centimeters • Feed mostly on algae • Sea (Hedgehogs) YouTube Videos • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bBHKHhgjeM • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsF_pt18krk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIhCyJxxOho • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIjGrR8FaJA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mUjCa_LmiQ Interactive Activities • http://tolweb.org/treehouses/?treehouse_id=3923 • http://kr021.k12.sd.us/review.htm • • • • Play mollusk jeopardy Play echinoderm jeopardy #1 Play arthropod jeopardy #1 http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/profile_ mollusks.htm • Take mollusk quiz on top lefts side of site Work Cited • http://www.snail-world.com/ • http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ • https://www.youtube.com/ • http://www.animalplanet.com/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/ • http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/bi valve/Clamprintout.shtml