Download American Nationalism Focus on Economics

American Nationalism
Focus on Economics
CHAPTER 5
Economic Nationalism
 Bell Ringer:
 How would you characterize the United States
during the Era of Good Feelings?
 How do tariffs affect the economy, people, and
workers?
Economic Nationalism
 Columbian Centinel : Boston newspaper called
the time period after the War of 1812 “The Era
of Good Feelings.”
 Described the period of James Monroe’s
presidency.
 Last 2 years they want to create a national
bank, enact a tariff protecting American
manufactures from foreign competition, and
building new canals and roads to improve
transportation.
Economic Nationalism
 War of 1812 taught Republican leaders that a
STRONGER federal government was necessary.
 James Monroe wins the 1816 presidency with 83% of
electoral votes.
 Federalist Party fades away.
Economic Nationalism: The Second Bank
 Republicans at first opposed a national bank.
 They blocked the first one in 1811
 Prices rose rapidly during the War of 1812.
 Borrowed money had high interest rates.
 These problems led many Republicans to change their
mind about a national bank.
 Rep. John C. Calhoun of SC introduced the bill for the 2nd
National Bank.
 Rep. Henry Clay of KY helped to pass the bill.
 Bank has the power to issue money that would be the
national currency and to control state banks.
Tariffs and Transportation
 Cheap British goods threaten to put American
manufacturers out of business.
 Tariff Act of 1816: was a
protective tariff, that raised
the prices of imports to
nurture growing American
manufactures.
Judicial Nationalism
 Between 1816 and 1824, the Supreme Court under Chief
Justice John Marshall issued several rulings that helped
unify the nation after the war.
 Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee:
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1816 court decides that that it had the authority to hear all appeals of
state court decisions in cases involving federal statutes and treaties.
Denny Martin, British subject, tried to sell his land in Virginia that
he had inherited from his Loyalist uncle. State law said that no
“enemy” could inherit land. The court ruled that Virginia’s law
conflicted with Jay’s Treaty, which stated land belonging to Loyalist
before the war was still theirs. This case helped to establish the
Supreme Court as the nation’s of FINAL appeal.
McCulloch v. Maryland
 1819 court case
 Maryland’s attempt to tax the Second Bank of the
United States.
 Under the “necessary and proper clause” the
Constitution allows for a national bank.
 A state can not interfere with an agency of the federal
government operating within the states borders.
Taxing the national bank was a form of interference,
making it unconstitutional.
Gibbons v. Ogden
 1824 Court Case
 Involved a company who was granted a monopoly by
New York to control all steamboat traffic on New
York waters. The company wanted to expand into
New Jersey.
 Supreme Court declared the monopoly
unconstitutional, interpreting federal controls over
interstate commerce granted by the Constitution to
include all trade along the coast and waterways
dividing the states.
Court Cases
 Strengthen the federal government at the expense of
the states.
 Helped make the “necessary and proper” clause and
“interstate commerce” clause as a way to expand the
federal government.
National Diplomacy
 Jackson Invades Florida
 Spanish held
 Anger and Frustration for Southerners
 Runaway enslaved people fled here
 America has no authority to capture them
 Many of the Creek went to Florida teaming up with other
Native Americans and adopting the name “Seminole” which
means “runaway.”
 They warned the Americans to stay out of Florida.
 We ignored the warning.
Jackson Invades Florida
 1817: John C. Calhoun, secretary of war, ordered General
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Andrew Jackson into Florida to stop the raids.
Jackson destroys villages and disobeys his orders by
seizing the Spanish settlements of St. Marks and
Pensacola.
He also will remove the Spanish governor from power.
Spain demands for Jackson to be punished.
Secretary of State: John Q. Adams defends Jackson
telling Spain they failed to keep Florida in order.
Spain gives up and gives the United States Florida in the
Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819. The treaty also finalized the
western boarder of the Louisiana Purchase.
The Monroe Doctrine
 1823 Britain and America will make a joint
statement supporting the independence of new Latin
American nations.
 Russia’s presence in America is growing. Russia
claimed Alaska, then claimed parts of the Oregon
Country.
 American continents were not to be considered as
subjects for future colonization by any European
powers.
 Prevent European powers from interfering in Latin
American political affairs.
Homework
 Page 144 Questions:
 2, 4, 5
A Revolution in Transportation
 1817 a canal begins across rural New York that
connects the Hudson River to Lake Erie.
 363 miles (Erie Canal)
 1825 complete
Roads and Turnpikes
 National Road (Maryland to Ohio)
 The state should be in charge of managing roads.
Steamboats and Canals
 Faster, cheaper, and more efficient way to move
goods.
 Barge could hold many wagon loads.
 Could usually travel only downstream.
 Steamboats made travel easier and faster.
The Iron Horse
 Railroad: developed in the early 1800’s
 1830 Tom Thumb: pulled the nations first load of
train passengers down 13 miles of track at 10mph.
 Trains helped settle the west and stimulate trade.
A New System of Production
 Industry developed quickly
 Free Enterprise system: individuals could make money
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and decide how to use it without strict government
controls and encouraged innovation.
Streams and rivers provide great places for textile mills.
Francis C. Lowell began opening a series of mills in
Northeastern Mass. in 1814.
Mass production of cotton cloth to the United States.
1840 dozen textile mills had been built in the Northeast.
Technology Advances
 Inventions and technological innovations
 Interchangeable parts: (Eli Whitney) uniform parts
that can be made in large quantities.
 Samuel Morse invented the telegraph and developed
Morse code.
Rise of Large Cities
 Industrialization drew rural people to towns for jobs
with higher wages.
 Population in cities doubled and even tripled.
Workers Begin to Organize
 Factory worker 1.3 billion by 1860
 Long hours, lower pay, unsafe working conditions
 Labor Unions fought for workers.
 Unions had little success
 Union had little power or money to support strikes,
stoppage of work, or achieve goals.
 1840 President Martin Van Buren reduced the
workday for federal employees to 10 hours.
Life in the North
 Negative results: crime, overcrowding, public health
problems. Immigration
 Read article on Lowell Mill Girls