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Jean Piaget This Web site contains a brief biography of Piaget. http://www.piaget.org/biography/biog.html This Web site provides a brief biography, as well as an overview of Piaget’s theories and stages of development. The sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations stages are explained clearly and examples and diagrams are provided to aid understanding. http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/piaget.html 1999 Time Magazine article on Piaget. The article describes his life and work, with particular emphasis on the contributions he made to understanding how children learn. http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/piaget.html This is a link to an excerpt from Piaget’s work The Construction of Reality in the Child. Assimilation and accommodation are discussed, as are movement through the sensorimotor to formal operations stages. http://marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/piaget2.htm This is a link to comments Piaget made on Vygotsky’s work. Piaget wrote these comments after reading Chapter 2 and excerpts from Chapter 6 of Vygotsky’s Thought and Language. http://marxists.org/archive/vygotsky/works/comment/piaget.htm Piaget’s Research and Theories: 1923-1952 - Piaget Describes Stages of Cognitive Development http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dh23pi.html Cognitive Development Ala Piaget http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html Cognitive Development Theory (Definition, Discussion and Impact) http://www.funderstanding.com/piaget.cfm Genetic Epistomology http://tip.psychology.org/piaget.html Piaget's Conservation Experiment http://www.psy.pdx.edu/PsiCafe/Just4Fun/Jokes/PiagetExp.htm The Preoperational Child http://www.psy.pdx.edu/PsiCafe/Just4Fun/Jokes/PreOpChild.htm Describes Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html Jean Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology: Appreciation and Critique. http://hubcap.clemson.edu/~campber/piaget.html Overview of Piaget’s stage theory. http://evolution.massey.ac.nz/assign2/MH/webpage.htm Provides a brief overview of Piaget’s background and theories. Also provides suggestions for incorporating Piaget’s theories in the classroom. http://teacher.scholastic.com/products/ect/piaget.htm Lev Vygotsky A general link to the “Vygotsky Archive”—contains links to a biography of Vygotsky, images, descriptions of his major writings as well as excerpts from these writings, and links to further readings on the topic. http://marxists.org/archive/vygotsky/index.htm Biography: http://marxists.org/glossary/people/v/y.htm#vygotsky-lev Image gallery: http://marxists.org/archive/vygotsky/images/index.htm Selected chapters of Thinking and Speaking: http://marxists.org/archive/vygotsky/works/words/index.htm Lecture given by Andy Blunden (2001) on the subject of Vygotsky: http://home.mira.net/~andy/seminars/chat.htm Overview of Vygotsky’s ideas on language acquisition. http://www.sk.com.br/sk-vygot.html Provides a brief overview of Vygotsky’s life and work. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky Provides an overview of Vygotsky’s social development theory. http://www.educationau.edu.au/archives/CP/04l.htm More on Vygotsky’s social development theory. http://chd.gse.gmu.edu/immersion/knowledgebase/theorists/constructivism/vygotsky.htm Discusses Vygotsky and the social learning cognition model. http://www.funderstanding.com/vygotsky.cfm Contains suggestions for using Vygotsky’s ideas in the classroom. http://teacher.scholastic.com/products/ect/vygotsky.htm This Web site entitled “The Vygotsky Project” includes links to many Web sites about Vygotsky’s life and work. http://webpages.charter.net/schmolze1/vygotsky/vygotsky.html “Semiotics of Play”—In this article, Rafal Dziurla looks at the importance of some of Vygotsky's ideas about play. The focus of the paper is on the role Vygotsky gave to play in the development of generalisation (meaning). http://webpages.charter.net/schmolze1/vygotsky/dziurla.html Prologue to Collected Works Vol. 5--Carl Ratner introduces the reader to the most important concepts Vygotsky discusses in Collected Works Volume 5. These include higher / lower psychological processes, integration of psychological processes, qualitative change, and form / content. Ratner does a very good job at introducing and summerizing Vygotsky's ideas from Child Pychology. http://webpages.charter.net/schmolze1/vygotsky/childpsych.html “His Life: By Gita Vygodskaya”—Gita Vygodskaya reflects on growing up with her father. http://webpages.charter.net/schmolze1/vygotsky/gita.html Piaget and Vygotsky--James Wertsch and Mike Cole give an good comparison of Vygotsky and Piaget's theories of child development. They argue that the division of social and individual does not hold up because both Vygotsky and Piaget valued the individual and social forces in development. Both saw the social-individual relationally, but by Vygotsky focusing on mediation he gave the social a very specific role in development. http://webpages.charter.net/schmolze1/vygotsky/colewertsch.html Vygotsky, Piaget, and Bruner—brief comparison of the ideas and theories of these 3 theorists. http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/instrctn/in5lk2-4.htm Description of Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development. http://www.igs.net/~cmorris/zpd.html B.F. Skinner A brief biography of Skinner. http://www.bfskinner.org/bio.asp Overview of Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning. http://tip.psychology.org/skinner.html Provides biographical information, as well as information about behaviorism and Skinner’s works and writings. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinner Articles written by Skinner: “Superstition in the Pigeon” http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Pigeon/ “Are Learning Theories Really Necessary?” http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Theories/ “Two Types of Conditioned Reflex and a Pseudo Type” http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Twotypes/twotypes.htm “The Origins of Cognitive Thought” http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/skinner.htm Chapter 13 from Walden Two http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/skinnerselection.html “A Brief Survey of Operant Behavior” http://www.bfskinner.org/Operant.asp This is a link to an autobiography of the behaviorist from youth to adulthood. Includes education, thoughts, theories, published books and papers, and behavioristic views. http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~allanr/autobio.html A review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior by Noam Chomsky. http://www.chomsky.info/articles/1967----.htm Provides an overview of Skinner’s reinforcement theory. http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Reinforcement_theory The Web site provides an in-depth overview of behaviorism and the tenets of behavioral theory. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/ Another overview of behaviorism. Compares Skinner’s ideas on behaviorism with those of J.B. Watson. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism This is a link to an article about Skinner’s theories of behaviorism, reinforcement, and operant conditioning. http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/skinnere.PDF A modern day application of Skinner’s theory, “The Price of Consumer Loyalty” http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/12/25/sunday/main1165276_page2.shtml Albert Bandura Provides an overview of Bandura’s social learning theory. http://tip.psychology.org/bandura.html Includes a brief biography of Bandura and a discussion of his theories of self efficacy and social learning. http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/bandura.html Provides an overview and discussion of Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment. http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/bandura.htm This biographical sketch of Bandura includes his youth, education, and professional accomplishments and details his studies on adolescent aggression, social learning, and the exercise of control. http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/bandurabio.html “Transmission of Aggression through Imitation of Aggressive Models” http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Bandura/bobo.htm Discusses Bandura’s ideas on observational learning. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/history/bandura.html “Bandura: Beliefs, Bobo, and Behavior”—an article from the American Psychological Society publication APS Observer Online. http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/0701/keynote.html This site contains links to publications and articles written by Bandura that can be accessed online. http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/BanduraPubs.html This Web site provides a clear and easy-to-understand discussion of observational learning. http://www.funderstanding.com/observational_learning.cfm In his own words, Bandura describes self-efficacy. http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/BanEncy.html “Albert Bandura: The Man and his Contributions to Educational Psychology”—this is a chapter from Barry Zimmerman and Dale Schunk's book Educational Psychology: One-hundred Years of Contributions. http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/ZimSchunkChpt5.pdf Discusses the history of social learning theory. http://hsc.usf.edu/~kmbrown/Social_Cognitive_Theory_Overview.htm This article examines examples, processes, and applications of social learning. http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/sociallearn/index.htm