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Department of History and Welsh History · Adran Hanes a Hanes Cymru
Britain and the German Question, 1900-1990
(HY 13620)
"What Germany needs is trust" Herr Blanj. Shadow Defence Minister of Dr. Adenauer.
"... and you know that you can trust us!" Dr. Adenauer (pictured)
Cartoon: ‘Vicky’, Daily Mirror, 22 March 1954.
No single country or society in modern Europe has inspired such fear and admiration
in Britain as has Germany. After 1900 German power and policy was instrumental in
shaping Britain’s relationship with Europe in the diplomatic, economic, political and
military spheres. This course will examine why Britain has, at various times since
1900, viewed Germany as either a mortal enemy or an essential ally and partner. In
the wider sphere, this will illuminate wider patterns in British internal and external
policy. The enmity that characterised much of the Twentieth Century was not preordained. In the latter part of the Nineteenth Century there seemed many reasons to
suppose that Anglo-German relations would blossom (rather than strain to breaking
point as they did). However, whatever the issues that led to the First World War in
1914, Britain (in contrast to France) never seriously envisaged any viable European
order without German participation. After 1919 a desire to accommodate Germany
within a workable international system caused Britain to attempt diplomatic
conciliation via mechanisms such as the Locarno Treaty. This yearning for an
accommodation led, eventually, to the infamous (or, as some would have it,
misunderstood) policy of ‘Appeasement’ in the 1930s. Following the destruction of
German power in 1945 Britain, motivated by the Soviet threat, helped construct a
democratic state in the west of Germany. This West German state was integrated into
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the western economic and security structures by a series of processes in which Britain
played perhaps the single leading role. Paradoxically, it now seemed that Germany
(albeit a divided one) had a new ‘role’ that Britain, in Dean Acheson’s memorable
phrase, was notably lacking. Once Britain accepted this and moved towards
membership of the EEC the prominence of Germany in British external policy was
only accentuated. In 1989-90 the unexpected re-emergence of German reunification
onto the agenda reawakened many of the fears latent in British views of Germany.
That this was so, even at the highest levels of government, demonstrated the enduring
influence that Germany exerted on the British psyche. In this vein this course, by
focussing on attitudes and policy towards Germany since 1900, will facilitate
understanding of how Britain managed its evolution from imperial world power to
membership of the European Community by way of two world wars.
Course Co-ordinator: Dr. R. Gerry Hughes ([email protected])
Lectures
Please note that lectures are held twice a week on Mondays at 4.10 p.m.
in D5 (Hugh Owen) and Tuesdays at 4.10 p.m. in D5 (Hugh Owen).
1. Introduction.
2. Britain and the German Question.
3. The deterioration of Anglo-German relations after 1900: Britain, the end of
‘Splendid Isolation’, Weltpolitik and the German Naval challenge.
4. World War One.
5. Versailles and British perceptions of the future of Germany.
6. Locarno: British efforts to integrate Weimar Germany into the European
system.
7. Britain, Hitler and ‘appeasement’.
8. Britain, wartime diplomacy and the German Question 1939-1945.
9. The effects of the Cold War on British Deutschlandpolitik.
10. Establishing the Federal Republic of Germany 1945-1953.
11. Rearming Germany within NATO.
12. Détente versus Sicherheit: British and German conceptions of the German
Question within the Cold War 1957-1966.
13. Britain and West Germany in the international system from Ostpolitik to Kohl.
14. Sixes and Sevens: Britain outside and inside the EEC, 1957-1979.
15. The other Germany: Britain and the GDR, 1949-1989.
16. The Right ascendant: Thatcher and Germany in the Second Cold War.
17. Old demons? Britain and the reunification of Germany 1989-90.
18. Summary. Britain and Germany in the Twentieth Century.
_____________________________________________________________
Seminar titles
Seminar one. Why did Germany come to occupy a central place in British foreign
policy before 1914?
Seminar two. Was ‘appeasement’ a folly rooted in a laudable British desire to
integrate Germany into a peaceful European system after World War One?
Seminar three. How and why did Britain allow an independent West Germany to
become a NATO ally only ten years after World War Two?
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Seminar four. Was the common interest of Britain and West Germany prior to 1989
largely the product of the Cold War?
Seminar five. Why was support for German reunification so half-hearted in certain
sections of British society in 1989-90?
Below is a general reading guide for all seminars. More comprehensive
reading lists are provided below in the 'Seminars - detailed bibliography'
section - please use this.
Seminars (and lectures): essential core texts
P.M.H. Bell, The Origins of the Second World War in Europe, 2nd edition, (Longman,
1997).
Sabine Lee, Victory in Europe: Britain and Germany since 1945, (Longman, 2001).
Robert K. Massie, Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War,
(Pimlico, 1993).
D. Reynolds, Britannia Overruled: British Policy and World Power in the Twentieth
Century, 2nd edition (Longman 2001).
John W. Young, Britain and the World in the Twentieth Century, (Arnold, 1997).
Recommended
Maurice Cowling, The Impact of Hitler: British Politics and British Policy 1933-1940
(1975).
Daniel Gossel, Briten, Deutsche und Europa: die Deutsche Frage in der britischen
Außenpolitik 1945-1962, (Steiner Verlag, 1999).
Sean Greenwood, Britain and European Integration since the Second World War,
(Manchester University Press, 1996).
_________, Britain and the Cold War, (Macmillan, 2000).
Wolfram Kaiser, Using Europe, Abusing the Europeans: Britain and European
Integration 1945-63, (Macmillan, 1996).
Paul M. Kennedy, The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 1860-1914, (Allen and
Unwin, 1980).
Thomas Kielinger, Crossroads and Roundabouts: Junctions in German-British
Relations, (FCO and Information Office of the Federal Government, 1997).
Surveys of British foreign policy
David Dilks (ed.), Retreat From Power: Studies in Britain’s Foreign Policy of the
Twentieth Century (2 Volumes), London: Macmillan, 1981.
Michael Dockrill, & Brian McKercher (eds.), Diplomacy and World Power: Studies
in British Foreign Policy, 1890-1950, CUP, 1996.
Paul M. Kennedy, The Realities Behind Diplomacy: Background Influences on British
External Policy 1865-1980, (Fontana, 1981).
Sanders, David, Losing an Empire, Finding a Role: British Foreign Policy Since
1945, London: Macmillan, 1990.
S. Smith, M. Smith & B. White (eds.), British Foreign Policy: Tradition, Change and
Transformation, (Unwin Hyman, 1988).
Surveys of Germany
Volker Berghahn, Modern Germany: Society, Economy and Politics in the Twentieth
Century, (Cambridge, 1982).
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Gordon A. Craig, Germany 1866-1945, (Oxford University Press, 1981).
Lothar Kettenacker, Germany Since 1945, (Oxford University Press, 1997.
Torsten Oppelland, ‘Domestic Political Developments I: 1949-69’ in Klaus Larres &
Panikos Panayi, The Federal Republic of Germany Since 1949: Politics, Society and
Economy Before and Since Reunification, London: Longman, 1996.
Other Works
Noel Annan, Changing Enemies: The Defeat and Regeneration of Germany, (Harper
Collins, 1996).
C. J. Bartlett, The Global Conflict: the International Rivalry of the Great Powers,
1880-1970, (Longman, 1984).
P. M. H. Bell, France and Britain 1900-1940: Entente and Estrangement (1996).
Christoph Bluth, Britain, Germany and Western Nuclear Strategy, (OUP, 1995).
Tom Bower, Blind Eye to Murder: Britain, America and the Purging of Nazi
Germany - A Pledge Betrayed, (Warner Books, 1997).
F.L. Carsten, Britain and the Weimar Republic, (Batford, 1984).
Maurice Cowling, The Impact of Hitler: British Politics and British Policy 1933-1940
(1975).
Gordon A. Craig, The Germans, (Pelican, 1984).
M. L. Dockrill and J. D. Goold, Peace without Promise: Britain and the Peace
Conferences, 1919-1923 (1981).
E. Goldstein, Winning the Peace: British Diplomatic Strategy, Peace Planning and
the Paris Peace Conference, 1916-1920 (1991).
D. Husemann, As Others See Us: Anglo-German Perceptions, (P. Lang, 1988).
Lorna S. Jaffe, The Decision to Disarm Germany: British Policy towards Post-war
German Disarmament, 1914-1919, (Allen & Unwin, 1984).
Wolfram Kaiser, Using Europe, Abusing the Europeans: Britain and European
Integration 1945-63, (Macmillan, 1996).
Klaus Larres, Politik der Illusionen: Churchill, Eisenhower und die deutsche Frage,
1945-1955, (Göttingen, 1995).
Klaus Larres & Elizabeth Meehan (eds.), Uneasy Allies: British-German Relations
and European Integration Since 1945, (OUP, 2000).
Sabine Lee, An Uneasy Relationship: British German Relations between 1955 and
1961, (Bochum, 1996).
Morgan, Roger, Britain and Germany since 1945: Two Societies and Two Foreign
Policies, The 1988 Annual Lecture, German Historical Institute London.
A. J. A. Morris, The Scaremongers: the Advocacy of War and Rearmament, 18961914, (Routledge & Kegan Paul).
Douglas Newton, British Policy and the Weimar Republic, 1918-1919, (OUP, 1997).
R.A.C. Parker, Chamberlain and Appeasement: British Policy and the Coming of the
Second World War (1993).
V.H. Rothwell, Britain’s War Aims and Peace Diplomacy 1914-1958, (Clarendon
Press, 1971).
A. Sharp, The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking in Paris, 1919 (1990).
W.R. Smyser, From Yalta to Berlin: the Cold War Struggle Over Germany,
(Macmillan, 1999).
Marc Trachtenberg, A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement
1945-1963, (Princeton University Press, 1999).
Ann Tusa, The Last Division: Berlin and the Wall, (Hodder & Stoughton, 1996).
____________________________________________________________
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Seminars - detailed bibliography
Note: often where books/ articles are useful for more than one seminar they are
usually only given for the initial seminar
Seminar one. Why did Germany come to occupy a central place in
British foreign policy before 1914?
Strongly recommended
V. R. Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War in 1914, (Macmillan, 1973).
Paul M. Kennedy, The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, (George Allen &
Unwin, London, 1980).
Robert K. Massie, Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War,
(Pimlico, 1993).
Anglo-German Naval rivalry
John Clark, ‘Anglo-German Naval Negotiations, 1898 to 1914 and 1935 to 1938’,
RUSI Journal, 108, no.632, 349-353.
Holger H. Herwig, Luxury Fleet: the Imperial German Navy, 1888-1918, Boston:
Allen & Unwin, 1980.
Miriam Hood, Gunboat Diplomacy, 1895-1905: Great Power Pressure in Venezuela,
2nd ed., London: Allen & Unwin, 1983.
Paul M. Kennedy, The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 1860-1914, London:
Allen & Unwin, 1980.
Ivo Nikolai Lambi, The Navy and German Power Politics, 1862-1914, Boston: Allen
& Unwin, 1984.
Arthur Jacab Marder, The Anatomy of British Sea Power; a History of British Naval
Policy in the Pre-Dreadnought Era, 1880-1905, New York: A.A. Knopf, 1940.
Robert K. Massie, Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War,
(Pimlico, 1993).
John H. Maurer, ‘Arms Control and the Anglo-German Naval Race before World War
I: Lessons for Today?’ Political Science Quarterly 112 (1997), 285-306.
John H. Maurer, ‘The Anglo-German Naval Rivalry and Informal Arms Control,
1912-1914.’ Journal of Conflict Resolution 36, no.2 (1992), 284-308.
John McDermott, ‘The British Foreign Office and Its German
Consuls before 1914.’ The Journal of Modern History 50, no.1 (1978), D1001-D1034.
Thomas G. Otte, ‘An Altogether Unfortunate Affair: Great Britain and the Daily
Telegraph Affair.’ Diplomacy & Statecraft 5, no.2 (1994), 296-333.
Peter Padfield, The Great Naval Race: The Anglo-German Naval Rivalry, 1900-1914,
London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1974.
Harold W. Rood, ‘How the Royal Navy Met the Challenge.’ U.S. Naval Institute
Proceedings 84, no.2 (1958), 67-77.
Brian Beham Schofield, British Sea Power: Naval Policy in the Twentieth Century,
London: Batsford, 1967.
Donald M. Schurman, The Education of a Navy; the Development of British Naval
Strategic Thought, 1867-1914, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.
J. Steinberg, ‘The ‘Novelle’ of 1908: Necessities and Choices in the Anglo-German
Naval Arms Race.’ Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 21 (1971), 25-43.
Ernest Llewellyn Woodward, Great Britain and the Germany Navy, Oxford: The
Clarendon Press, 1935.
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Books: Britain and Germany pre-1914 and in WW I
Albertini, L., The Origins of the War of 1914, 3 vols. (Oxford University Press,
London, 1952-7).
Andrew, C., Secret Service, (Heinemann, London, 1985).
Asquith, Right Hon. H. H., The Genesis of the War, (Cassell, London, 1923).
Barraclough, G., From Agadir to Armageddon, (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London,
1982).
Beaverbrook, Rt Hon Lord, Politicians and the War, 1914-1916, (Oldbourne Book
Co. Ltd, London, 1960).
Bell, P. M. H., France and Britain, 1900-1940: Entente and Estrangement,
(Longman, Harlow, 1996).
Beloff, M., Imperial Sunset: Britain’s Liberal Empire, 1897-1921, vol. 1, (Methuen &
Co., London, 1970).
Berghahn, V. R., Germany and the Approach of War in 1914, (Macmillan, London,
1973).
Bethmann Hollweg, T. von, Reflections on the World War, (Thornton Butterworth
Ltd, London, 1920).
Chickering, R., Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914-1918, (CUP, Cambridge,
1998).
Churchill, R. S., Winston S Churchill, Young Statesman, 1901-1914, vol. 2,
(Heinemann, London, 1967).
Crowe, Sibyl and Corp, Edward, Our Ablest Public Servant, Sir Eyre Crowe, 18641925, (Merlin Books, Braunton, Devon, 1993).
D’Ombrain, N., War Machinery and High Policy, (Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1973).
Evans, R. J. W. and Hartmut Pogge von Strandman (eds.), The Coming of the First
World War, (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988).
Fischer, F., War of Illusions, (Chatto & Windus, London, 1975).
French, D., British Strategy & War Aims, (Allen & Unwin, London, 1986).
Gilbert, B. B., David Lloyd George: a political life — Organizer of Victory 1912-16,
(Batsford, London, 1992).
Gilbert, M., Winston S Churchill, 1914-1916, vol. 3, (Heinemann, London, 1971).
Gooch, J., The Plans of War, The General Staff and British Military Strategy, c.19001916, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1974).
Gordon, A., The Rules of the Game: Jutland and British Naval Command, (John
Murray, London, 1996).
Grigg, J., Lloyd George: From Peace to War, 1912-1916, (Methuen, London, 1985).
Halpern, P., A Naval History of World War I, (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis,
1994).
Herwig, H. H., Luxury Fleet, The Imperial German Navy, 1888-1918, (George Allen
& Unwin, London, 1980).
Hinsley, F. H. (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, (Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1977).
James, R. R., Gallipoli, (Pan, London, 1974).
James, R. R., Churchill: A Study in Failure, 1900-1939, (Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
London, 1970).
Joll, J., The Origins of the First World War, (Longman, London, 1984).
Keiger, J. F. V., France and the Origins of the First World War, (Macmillan, London,
1983).
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Kennedy, P. M., The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880-1914, (George Allen &
Unwin, London, 1979).
Kennedy, P. M., The Realities Behind Diplomacy, (George Allen & Unwin, London,
1981).
Kennedy, P. M., The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery, (Allen Lane, London,
1976).
Koss, S. E., Asquith, (Allen Lane, London, 1976).
Lambi, I. N., The Navy and German Power Politics, 1862-1914, (Allen & Unwin,
London, 1984).
Langhorne, R., The Collapse of the Concert of Europe, (Macmillan, London, 1981).
Lee, D. E., Europe’s Crucial Years, The Diplomatic Background of World War One,
(University Press of New England, 1974).
Lieven, D. C. B., Russia and the Origins of the First World War, (Macmillan,
London, 1983).
Mackay, R. F., Balfour, Intellectual Statesman, (Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1985).
Marder, A. J., From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: the Royal Navy in the Fisher
Era, 5 vols., (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1961-70).
Marder, A. J., The Anatomy of British Sea Power, (Frank Cass, London, reprint,
1964).
Miller, G., Straits: British Policy towards the Ottoman Empire and the Origins of the
Dardanelles Campaign, (Hull University Press, Hull, 1997).
Morris, A. J. A. (ed.), Edwardian Radicalism, 1900-1914, (Routledge & Kegan Paul,
London, 1974).
Morris, A. J. A., The Scaremongers, The Advocacy of War and Rearmament, 18961914, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1984).
Neilson, K., Britain and the Last Tsar, British Policy and Russia, 1894-1917,
(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995).
Nicolson, H., Lord Carnock, A Study in the Old Diplomacy, (Constable & Co.,
London, 1930).
Padfield, P., The Great Naval Race, (Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, London, 1974).
Robbins, K., Sir Edward Grey: a biography of Lord Grey of Fallodon, (Cassell,
London, 1971).
Rodger, N. A. M., The Admiralty, (Terence Dalton Ltd, Suffolk, 1979).
Röhl, John C. G., The Kaiser and His Court, Wilhelm II and the Government of
Germany, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994).
Steiner, Z., The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1969).
Steiner, Z., Britain and the Origins of the First World War, (Macmillan, London,
1977).
Stevenson, D., Armaments and the Coming of War, Europe 1904-1914, (Clarendon
Press, Oxford, 1996).
Sumida, J. T., In Defence of Naval Supremacy, (Unwin, Hyman, London, 1989).
Taylor, A. J. P., The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848-1918, (Oxford University
Press, Oxford, 1974).
Trevelyan, G. M., Grey of Fallodon, (Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1937).
Tuchman, B., August 1914, (Macmillan edition, London, 1980).
Weir, G., Building the Kaiser’s Navy, (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1992).
Williams, R., Defending the Empire: The Conservative Party and British Defence
Policy, 1899-1915, (Yale University Press, London, 1991).
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Williamson, S. R., The Politics of Grand Strategy: Britain and France Prepare for
War, 1904-1914, (Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 1969).
Williamson, S. R., Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War,
(Macmillan, London, 1991).
Wilson, K. M., The Policy of the Entente, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1985).
Wilson, K. M. (ed.), Decisions for War, 1914, (UCL Press, London, 1995).
Articles: Britain and Germany pre-1914 and in WW I
Bovykin, V., “The Franco-Russian Alliance”, History, vol. 64, (1979), pp. 20-35.
Dewar, A. C., “Winston Churchill at the Admiralty”, Naval Review, vol. 11, (1923).
Dockrill, M, “David Lloyd George and Foreign Policy Before 1914”, in Taylor, A. J.
P. (Ed.), David Lloyd George: Twelve Essays, (London, 1971).
Dockrill, M., “British Policy during the Agadir crisis of 1911”, in Hinsley (Ed.),
British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, (Cambridge, 1977).
D’Ombrain, N., “Churchill at the Admiralty and the C.I.D., 1911-1914”, R.U.S.I.
Journal, vol. CXV, (1970).
Ekstein, M., “Sir Edward Grey and Imperial Germany in 1914”, Journal of
Contemporary History, vol. 6, no. 3, (1971).
French, D., “Spy Fever in Britain, 1900-1915”, Historical Journal, 21, 2, (1978), pp.
355-70.
Gooch, J., “Soldiers, Strategy and War Aims in Britain 1914-1918”, in Hunt &
Preston (Eds.), War Aims and Strategic Policy in the Great War, (London, 1977).
Hatton, P. H. S., “The First World War, Britain and Germany in 1914, The July Crisis
and War Aims”, Past and Present, vol. 36, (1967), pp. 138-143.
Jarausch, K. H., “The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg’s
Calculated Risk, July 1914”, Central European History, vol. 2, (1969).
Jordan, G. H., “Pensions not Dreadnoughts”, in Morris, A. J. A. (Ed.), Edwardian
Radicalism 1900-1914, (London, 1974).
Kennedy, P. M., “Fisher and Tirpitz: Political Admirals in the Age of Imperialism”, in
Jordan, G. (Ed.), Naval Warfare in the Twentieth Century, (London, 1977).
Koch, H. W., “The Anglo-German Alliance Negotiations: Missed Opportunity or
Myth?”, History, vol. LIV, (1969).
Lambert, N., “British Naval Policy, 1913-1914: Financial Limitation and Strategic
Revolution”, The Journal of Modern History 67 (September 1995), pp. 595-626.
Lambert, N., “Admiral Sir John Fisher and the Concept of Flotilla Defence, 19041909”, The Journal of Military History 59 (October 1995), pp. 639-60.
Langhorne, R., “The Naval Question in Anglo-German Relations, 1912-1914”,
Historical Journal, vol. XIV, 2, (1971), pp. 359-70.
Mackay, R. F., “Historical Reinterpretations of the Anglo-German Naval Rivalry,
1897-1914”, in Jordan, G. (Ed.), Naval Warfare in the Twentieth Century, (London,
1977).
Trumpener, U., “War Premeditated? German Intelligence operations in July 1914”,
Central European History, no. 9, (1976).
Turner, J., “Cabinets, Committees and Secretariats: the Higher Direction of War”, in
Burk, K. (Ed.), War and the State, (London, 1982).
Williams, B., “The Strategic Background to the Anglo-Russian Entente of August
1907”, The Historical Journal, IX, 3, (1966), pp. 360-73.
Williams, B., “Great Britain and Russia, 1905 to the 1907 Convention”, in Hinsley
(Ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, (Cambridge, 1977).
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Wilson, K. M., “To the Western Front: British War Plans and the ‘Military Entente’
with France before the First World War”, British Journal of International Studies,
vol. 3, (1977), pp. 151-68.
Wilson, K. M., “The British Cabinet’s Decision for war, 2 August 1914”, British
Journal of International Studies, vol. 1, (1975), pp. 148-59.
Wilson, K., “The Agadir Crisis, the Mansion House speech, and the DoubleEdgedness of Agreements”, Historical Journal, XV, 3, (1972), pp. 513-32.
Wilson, K., “Grey”, in Wilson, K. (Ed.), British Foreign Secretaries and Foreign
Policy, (Kent, 1987).
Wilson, T., “Britain’s ‘Moral Commitment’ to France in August 1914”, History, vol.
64, (1979), pp. 380-90.
_____________________________________________________________
Seminar two. Was ‘appeasement’ a folly rooted in a laudable British
desire to integrate Germany into a peaceful European system after World
War One?
Essential
P.M.H. Bell, The Origins of the Second World War in Europe, 2nd edition,
(Longman, 1997). Especially chapters 1-4 & 13-17.
Detailed reading
Collections of documents
Documents on British Foreign Policy, 2nd and 3rd series. Edited by R. Butler, W.N.
Medlicott, and E.L. Woodward, H.M.S.O., 1946 et seq.
Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945. Series C (1933-1937); and Series
D (1938-1941), H.M.S.O., 1954-1966.
Official Histories
Deist, Wilhelm; Messerschmidt, Manfred; Volkmann, Heins-Erich; and Wette,
Wolfrom. Germany and the Second World War. Volume I, The Build-up of German
Aggression. Oxford, 1990.
Hinsley, F.H. et. al. British Intelligence in the Second World War. Volume I, London,
1979.
British power and the effects of WW I
P. M. H. Bell, France and Britain 1900-1940. Entente and Estrangement (1996).
J. M. Bourne, Britain and the Great War, 1914-1918 (1989).
R. E. Bunselmeyer, The Cost of the War: British Economic War Aims and the Origins
of Reparation (1975).
K. Burk, Britain, America and the Sinews of War, 1914-1918 (1985).
P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins, British Imperialism, Innovation and Expansion 16881914 (1993), part 4, ch. 14.
K. J. Calder, Britain and the Origins of the New Europe, 1914-1918 (1975).
'Debate: The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism, 1846-1914', Past and Present,
no. 125 (November 1989).
P. Kennedy, The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism 1860-1914 (1982), Parts IV
and V.
C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill, The Mirage of Power. Vol. I. 1902-1914 (1972).
P. K. O'Brien, 'The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism, 1846-1914', Past and
Present, no. 120 (August 1988).
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H. J. Nelson, Land and Power. Britain and Allied Policy on Germany's Frontiers,
1916-1919 (1973).
V. J. Rothwell, British War Aims and Peace Diplomacy, 1914-1918 (1971).
D. Stevenson, The First World War and International Politics (1988), ch. 3(ii), ch. 5.
Z. Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War (1977).
S. R. Williamson, The Politics of Grand Strategy: Britain and France Prepare for
War, 1904-1914 (1969).
P. Yearwood, 'Great Britain and the Repartition of Africa, 1914-19', Journal of
Imperial and Commonwealth History, vol. 18 (no. 3, October 1990), pp. 316-341.
Britain and the Paris Peace Conferences 1919-20
P. M. H. Bell, France and Britain 1900-1940. Entente and Estrangement (1996).
M. L. Dockrill and J. D. Goold, Peace without Promise. Britain and the Peace
Conferences, 1919-1923 (1981).
E. Goldstein, Winning the Peace: British Diplomatic Strategy, Peace Planning and
the Paris Peace Conference, 1916-1920 (1991).
P. C. Helmreich, From Paris to Sèvres. The Partition of the Ottoman Empire at the
Paris Peace Conference of 1919 (1974).
L. S. Joffe, The Decision to Disarm Germany. British Policy towards Post-War
German Disarmament (1985).
Journal of Modern History, vol. 51 (March 1979) - articles by Macdougall, Maier,
Trachtenberg.
B. Kent, The Spoils of War. The Politics, Economics and Diplomacy of Reparations,
1918-1932 (1989).
A. Lentin, Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson and the Guilt of Germany (1984).
C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill, The Mirage of Power. Vol. 2. 1914-1922 (1972).
E. Mantoux, The Carthaginian Peace (1944).
S. Marks, 'The Myths of Reparations', Central European History, 11 (3, 1978), pp.
231-255.
D. E. Moggridge, Maynard Keynes: an Economist's Biography, chs. 12 and 13.
A. Orde, British Policy and European Reconstruction after the First World War
(1990).
A. Sharp, The Versailles Settlement. Peacemaking in Paris, 1919 (1990).
D. Stevenson, French War Aims against Germany, 1914-1919 (1982).
M. Trachtenberg, Reparation in World Politics. France and European Economic
Diplomacy, 1916-1923 (1980).
Britain and the search for a European stability in the 1920s
D. Carlton, Macdonald versus Henderson: the Foreign Policy of the Second Labour
Government, 1929-1931 (1969).
F. L. Carsten, Britain and the Weimar Republic (1984).
A. Cassels, 'Repairing the Entente Cordiale and the New Diplomacy', Historical
Journal, vol. 23 (1, 1980), pp. 133-153.
Peter Catterall and Christine Morris (eds.), Britain and the Threat to Stability in
Europe, 1918-47 (1993).
D. Dutton, Austen Chamberlain. Gentleman in Politics (1985).
M. Gilbert, The Roots of Appeasement (1966).
C. Hall, Britain, America and Arms Control, 1921-1937 (1987).
J. Jacobson, Locarno Diplomacy (1973).
J. Lowe, The Great Powers, Imperialism and the German Problem 1865-1925 (1994).
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S. Marks, The Illusion of Peace: International Relations in Europe, 1918-1923
(1976).
D. Marquand, Ramsay Macdonald (1979).
W. A. McDougall, France's Rhineland Diplomacy, 1914-1924 (1978).
B. J. McKercher, The Second Baldwin Government and the United States, 1924-1929.
Attitudes and Diplomacy (1984).
J. G. McKerchar (ed.), Anglo-American Relations in the 1920s: The Struggle for
Supremacy (1991).
F. Magee, '"Limited liability"? Britain and the Treaty of Locarno', Twentieth Century
British History, vol. 6 (1995), pp. 1-22.
K. Middlemas and J. Barnes, Baldwin (1969).
K. L. Nelson, Victors Divided: America and the Allies in Germany, 1916-1934
(1975).
A. Orde, Great Britain and International Security, 1920-1926 (1978).
S. A. Schuker, The End of French Predominance in Europe: the Financial Crisis of
1924 and the Adoption of the Dawes Plan (1976).
N. Waites, Troubled Neighbours. Franco-British Relations in the 1920s (1971).
D.G. Williamson, The British in Germany 1918-1930: the Reluctant Occupiers
(1991).
Pre-WW II Anglo-German Relations
Memoirs and related
Lord Avon [Anthony Eden], Facing the Dictators, (London, 1959).
Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War (6 volumes, London, 1948 onwards).
Duff Cooper, Old Men Forget, (London, 1954).
David Dilks, (ed.). The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 1938-1945, London, 1971.
Neville Henderson, Failure of a Mission: Berlin 1937-1939. (London, 1940).
Hans Heinrich Herwath von Bittenfeld, Against Two Evils. (London, 1981).
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf. London, 1975.
. Second Book. Telford Taylor (ed.), (New York, 1962).
Pre-WW II Anglo-German Relations: books
Aster, Sidney, 1939: The Making of the Second World War (1973).
Bell, P.M.H., The Origins of the Second World War in Europe (esp. ch. 15).
Cowling, Maurice, The Impact of Hitler: British Politics and British Policy 19331940 (1975) (esp. chs. 10-11).
Hiden, John, and Thomas Lane (eds.), The Baltic and the Outbreak of the Second
World War (1992).
Hill, Christopher, Cabinet Decisions on Foreign Policy: The British Experience
October 1938-June 1941(1991) (ch. 2: Constructing the Polish Guarantee; ch. 3: The
Soviet Question, April-August 1939; ch. 4: Entry into War, 1-3 Sept 1939).
Manne, Robert, 'Some British Light on the Nazi-Soviet Pact', European Studies
Review 11 (1981), 83-102.
Manne, Robert, 'The British Decision for Alliance with Russia, May 1939', JCH 9, 3
(1974), 3-26.
Newman, Simon, March 1939: The British Guarantee to Poland (1976).
Parker, R.A.C., Chamberlain and Appeasement: British Policy and the Coming of the
Second World War (1993).
Parker, R.A.C., 'The British Government and the Coming of War with Germany,
1939', in M.R.D. Foot (ed.), War and Society: Historical Essays in Honour and
Memory of J.R. Western 1928-1971 (1973).
11
Prazmowska, Anita, Britain, Poland and the Eastern Front, 1939 (1987).
Roberts, Geoffrey, The Unholy Alliance: Stalin's Pact with Hitler (1989).
Roberts, Geoffrey, The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War (1995)
Thorne, Christopher, The Approach of War 1938-39 (1967).
Watt, Donald Cameron, 'Misinformation, Misconception, Mistrust: Episodes in
British Policy and the Approach of War, 1938-1939', in M. Bentley and J. Stevenson
(eds.), High and Low Politics in Modern Britain (1983).
Watt, Donald Cameron, How War Came: The immediate origins of the Second World
War 1938-1939 (1989).
Young, Robert J., France and the Origins of the Second World War (1996).
Britain, appeasement and the descent into the Second World War
Christopher Andrew, Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence
Community. London, 1985.
Avraham Barkai, Nazi Economics: Ideology, Theory, and Policy. Oxford, 1990.
Edward Bennet, German Rearmament and the West, 1932-1933. Princeton, 1978.
Uri Bialer, The Shadow of the Bomber: Fear of Air Attack and British Politics, 19321939. London, 1980.
Brian Bond, British Military Policy between the Two World Wars. Oxford, 1980.
Martin Broszat, The Hitler State. London, 1981.
Budrass, Lutz. Flugzeugindustrie und Luftrüstung in Deutschland, 1918-1945.
Dusseldorf, 1998.
Bullock, Allan. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. London, 1952.
. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives. London, 1991.
Craig, Gordon A. with Gilbert, Felix (eds.). The Diplomats, 1919-1939. 2 volumes,
Princeton, 1953.
Dockrill, Michael and McKercher, Brian (eds.), Diplomacy and World Power: Studies
in British Foreign Policy, 1890-1950. Cambridge, 1996.
Dockrill, Michael. British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940. London,
1999.
Emmerson, James T. The Rhineland Crisis, 7 March 1936: A Study in multilateral
diplomacy. London, 1977.
Gilbert, Martin. Winston Churchill: 1922-1939. London, 1976.
Handel, Michael. War, Strategy and Intelligence. London, 1989.
Haslam, Jonathan. The Soviet Union and the Struggle for Collective Security, 19341938. New York, 1985.
Herrmann, David. The Arming of Europe and the Making of the First World War.
Princeton, 1996.
Kaiser, David. Economic Diplomacy and the Origins of the Second World War. New
York, 1981.
Kennedy, Paul. The Realities Behind Diplomacy. London, 1984.
. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. London, 1988.
Kershaw, Ian. Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich. Oxford,
1983.
. The Hitler Myth: Image and reality in the Third Reich. Oxford, 1987.
. The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation. 3rd ed.,
London, 1993.
. Hitler, London, 1991.
Maiolo, Joseph. The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany. London, 1998.
Murray, Williamson. The Change in the European Balance of Power. Princeton, 1984.
12
Newman, Simon. March 1939: The British Guarantee to Poland - A Study in the
continuity of British Foreign Policy. Oxford, 1976.
Noakes, J. and Pridham, G. Nazism 1919-1945: State, Economy and Society, 19331939. Exeter, 1984.
. Nazism 1919-1945: Foreign Policy, War and Racial Extermination. Exeter,
1988.
Paret, Peter (ed.). Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Planning From Machiavelli to
the Nuclear Age. Princeton, 1986.
Parker, R.A.C. Struggle for Survival: The History of the Second World War. London,
1989.
. Chamberlain and Appeasement: British Policy and the Coming of the Second
World War. London, 1993.
Peden, George C. British Rearmament and the Treasury, 1932-1939. Edinburgh, 1979.
Pereboom, Martin. Democracies at the Turning Point: Britain, France and the end of
the Postwar Order, 1928-1933. New York, 1995.
Post Jr, Gaines. Dilemmas of Appeasement: British Deterrence and Defense, 19341937. Ithaca, 1993.
Anita J. Prażmowska, Eastern Europe and the Origins of the Second World War,
(London, 2000). Ch. 1 on Britain and France.
Preston, Paul. Franco: A Biography. London, 1994.
Prochasson, Christophe. Les intellectuels, le socialisme et la guerre, 1900-1938. Paris,
1993.
Prost, Antoine. Les anciens combattants, 1914-1939. 3 Volumes, Paris, 1977.
Reynolds, David. Britannia Overruled. 2nd edn, London, 2001.
Richardson, D. and Stone, G. (eds.). Decisions and Diplomacy: Essays in Twentieth
Century International History, London, 1995.
Glyn Stone, ‘Britain and Non-Intervention in the Spanish Civil War,’ European
Studies Review, 9, 1, (1979).
A. J. P. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War. 2nd ed., London, 1963.
Telford Taylor, Munich: The Price of Peace. New York, 1979.
Martin Thomas, Britain, France and Appeasement: Anglo-French Relations in the
Popular Front Era. London, 1996.
Wesley K. Wark, The Ultimate Enemy: British Intelligence and Nazi Germany, 19331939. Ithaca (New York), 1985.
Donald Cameron Watt, Too Serious a Business: European Armed Forces and the
Approach to the Second World War. London, 1975.
. How War Came: The Immediate Origins of the Second World War. New
York, 1989.
Articles
David Dilks, ‘Flashes of Intelligence: the Foreign Office, the SIS and Security before
the Second World War’ in Andrew and Dilks (eds.), The Missing Dimension, 101-125.
C. A. MacDonald, ‘Britain, France and the April Crisis of 1939.’ Review of European
Studies, (April, 1972), 151-169.
J. Maiolo, ‘“I believe the Hun is cheating”: Admiralty technical intelligence and the
German navy, 1936-1939,’ Intelligence and National Security, 11, 1, (1996), 32-58.
R. A. C. Parker, ‘Great Britain, France and the Ethipian Crisis, 1935-1936,’ English
Historical Review, 89, (1974), 293-332.
13
Anita J. Prażmowska, ‘War over Danzig? The Dilemma of Anglo-Polish relations in the
months preceding the outbreak of the Second World War.’ Historical Journal, 26, 1,
(1983), 177-183.
Patrick Salmon, ‘British Plans for Economic Warfare against Germany, 1937-1939:
The Problem of Swedish Iron Ore.’ Journal of Contemporary History, (1981), 53-71.
Donald Cameron Watt, ‘British Intelligence and the Coming of the Second World War
in Europe’ in Ernest May (ed.) Knowing One’s Enemies, (1984), 237-270.
. ‘An Intelligence Surprise: The failure of the Foreign Office to anticipate the
Nazi Soviet Pact.’ Intelligence and National Security, 4, (1989), 513-534.
Collections of Essays
The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement. Edited by Wolfgang Mommsen,
and Lothar Kettenacker, London, 1983.
The German Military in the Age of Total War. Edited by Wilhelm Deist, London, 1984.
Knowing One’s Enemies: Intelligence Assessment Before the Two World Wars. Edited
by Ernest May, Princeton, 1984.
Intelligence and International Relations, 1900-1945. Edited by Christopher Andrew
and Jeremy Noakes, Exeter, 1987.
Paths to War: New Essays on the Origins of the Second World War. Edited by Robert.
Boyce and Esmonde Robertson, London, 1989.
Munich, 1938
Bruegel, J W Czechoslovakia before Munich: The Minority Problem and British
Appeasement Policy (Cambridge, 1973).
Campbell, F G Confrontation in Central Europe: Weimar Germany and
Czechoslovakia (London, 1975).
Latynski, M Reappraising the Munich Pact: Continental Perspectives (London,
1992).
Lukes, I Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler: The Diplomacy of Edvard Benes
in the 1930s (New York, 1996).
Luza, R The Transfer of the Sudeten Germans (London, 1964).
Parker, R A C Chamberlain and Appeasement: British Policy and the Coming of the
Second World War (London, 1993).
Rock, W R British Appeasement in the 1930s (London, 1977).
Smelser, R M The Sudeten German Problem, 1933-1938: Volkstumspolitik and the
Formation of Nazi Foreign Policy (Dawson, 1975).
Weinberg, G L The Foreigh Policy of Hitler's Germany (2 vols., Chicago, 19701981).
Wiskemann, E Czechs and Germans: A Study of the Struggle in the Historic
Provinces of Bohemia and Moravia (2nd edn., London, 1967).
Nazi Foreign Policy
For primary sources: Documents on German Foreign Policy [DGFP], 1918-1945,
series D, volume III; J. Noakes and G. Pridham (eds.), Nazism 1919-1945 vol. 3:
Foreign Policy, War and Racial Extermination. An excellent introduction to the
historiography is I. Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of
Interpretation (3rd edn. 1993) ch. 6.
F. Fischer, From Kaiserreich to Third Reich: Elements of Continuity in German
History, 1871-1945 (1986).
14
Immanuel Geiss, ‘German foreign policy in the Weimar Republic and the Third
Reich, 1919-1945’ in Panikos Panayi (ed.), Weimar and Nazi Germany. Continuities
and Discontinuities (2001).
M. Hauner, 'Did Hitler want a World Dominion?' in Journal of Contemporary History
13 (1978) pp. 15-32.
Adolf Hitler, ‘The mission of the Nazi Movement’ in Griffin, Fascism, (Oxford,
1995), doc. 59.
E. Jäckel Hitler's World View. A Blueprint for Power (1972) chs. 1 and 2.
I. Kershaw The 'Hitler Myth'. Image and Reality in the Third Reich (1987) ch. 5.
Christian Leitz, Economic Relations between Nazi Germany and Franco’s Spain,
(Oxford, 1996).
Christian Leitz, ‘Nazi Germany and Francoist Spain,’ in Spain and the Great Powers,
ch. 6.
T. Mason 'Some Origins of the Second World War' in Past & Present 29 (1964) pp.
67-87. Reprinted in E. M. Robertson (ed.) The Origins of the Second World War
(1971) pp. 105-135.
Denis Smyth, ‘Reflex Reaction: Germany and the Onset of the Spanish Civil War,’ in
P. Preston (ed.), Revolution and War in Spain, 1931-1939, (London, 1984).
G. Weinberg, The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany. vol. 1: Diplomatic Revolution
in Europe 1933-36 (1970); vol. 2: Starting World War II (1980).
German perceptions of Britain
Gerwin Strobl, The Germanic Isle: Nazi perceptions of Britain, Cambridge UP, 2000.
Churchillian War Guilt and A.J.P. Taylor’s theories
E. H. Carr, The Twenty Years Crisis (new edition with an introduction by Michael
Cox, Palgrave, 2001).
Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War (6 volumes, London, 1948 onwards).
Maurice Cowling, The Impact of Hitler: British Policy 1933-1940 (London, 1975).
William Roger Louis, (ed.) The Origins of the Second World War: A. J. P. Taylor and
His Critics (New York, 1972).
Gordon Martel, (ed.) “The Origins of the Second World War” Reconsidered: The
A.J.P. Taylor Debate After Twenty Years (London, 2nd ed., 1986).
L. Morton, “From Fort Sumter to Poland: The Question of War Guilt”, in World
Politics, 24 (1962).
Louis B. Namier, Europe in Decay: A Study in Disintegration 1936-1940 (London,
1950).
A. J. P. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War (London, 1961).
Britain during WWII
Butler, J.R.M., Grand Strategy, vol. 2, September 1939 - June 1941(1957) OH
Comité d'histoire de la 2e Guerre Mondiale (ed.), Français et britanniques dans la
drôle de guerre (1979) (proceedings of an Anglo-French conference on the Phoney
War: sections on public opinion, diplomacy and strategy).
Corfield, Tony, 'Why Chamberlain really fell', History Today (1996).
Cowling, Maurice, The Impact of Hitler: British Politics and British Policy 19331940 (1975) (chs. 12-13).
Dilks, David, 'The Twilight War and the Fall of France: Chamberlain and Churchill in
1940', in EITHER TRHS, Series 5, vol. 28 (1978), OR D. Dilks (ed.), Retreat from
Power, vol. 1.
15
Hill, Christopher, Cabinet Decisions on Foreign Policy: The British Experience
October 1938-June 1941(1991) (ch. 6: To continue alone? May-July 1940).
Jefferys, Kevin, The Churchill Coalition and Wartime Politics, 1940-1945 (1991) (ch.
1, 'The Road to to 1940'; ch. 2, 'All Behind You, Winston').
Roberts, Andrew, Eminent Churchillians ['The House of Windsor and the Politics of
Appeasement' and 'The Tories versus Churchill during the "Finest Hour"'] (1994).
Trythall, A.J., 'The Downfall of Leslie Hore-Belisha', JCH 16 (1981); also in W.
Laqueur (ed.), The Second World War: Essays in Military and Political History
(1982).
Woodward, Sir Llewellyn, British Foreign Policy in the Second World War, vol. 1 or
abridged edition (1962).
Seminars three, four and five: Britain and the
German Question after 1945
General Bibliography
Histories
J Barber: 'Britain's place in the world.' British Journal of International Studies (BJIS)
Vol 6 No 2.
C J Bartlett: The Long Retreat.
J Baylis: '"Greenwoodery" and British Defence Policy' International Affairs (IA) Vol
62 No 3.
P Byrd: British Foreign Policy under Thatcher
M Dockrill: British Defence Since 1945.
J Frankel: British Foreign Policy 1945-73.
D Greenwood: 'Constraints and choices in the transformation of Britain's Defence
effort since 1945.' BJIS Vol 2 No 3.
C Hill: 'Britain's elusive role in World Politics.' BJIS Vol 5 No 3.
J Lider: British Military Thought after World War II.
R T Maddock: 'British Foreign Policy since the War.' International Relations (IR) Vol
4 No 5.
F S Northedge: Descent from Power.
R Ovendale: British Defence Policy since 1945
A Shlaim: 'Britain's quest for a world role.' IR Vol 5 No 1.
S Smith et al: British Foreign Policy.
A Verrier: Through the Looking Glass.
C M Woodhouse: British Foreign Policy since the Second World War.
Structures
J Barber: Who makes British Foreign Policy?
R Boardman & A J R Groom: The Management of Britain's External Relations.
M Clarke: British External Policy-Making in the 1990s
G McDermott: The New Diplomacy and its Apparatus.
D Vital: The Making of British Foreign Policy.
W Wallace: The Foreign Policy process in Britain.
K N Waltz: Foreign Policy and the Democratic Process.
Biographies and Autobiographies
G Brown: In My Way.
A Bullock: Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary.
R A Butler: The Art of the Possible.
16
J Callaghan: Time and Chance.
R H S Crossman: Diaries. (4 volumes).
B Donoughue & G W Jones: Herbert Morrison: Portrait of a Politician.
A Douglas-Home: The Way the Wind Blows.
A Eden: Full Circle.
P Gordon-Walker: The Cabinet.
P Gore-Booth: With Great Truth and Respect.
A Horne, Macmillan (2 volumes).
G Howe: Conflict of Loyalty.
H Macmillan: Memoirs. (volumes 3-6).
F Pym: 'British Foreign Policy.' IA Vol 50 No 1.
A Shlaim, P Jones & K Sainsbury: British Foreign Secretaries since 1945.
M Stephens: Ernest Bevin.
Lord W Strang: Home and Abroad.
M Thatcher: The Downing Street Years.
G Williams & B Read: Denis Healey and the Policies of Power.
H Wilson: Memoirs. (2 volumes).
F Williams: Ernest Bevin.
_____________________________________
Seminar three.
1. How did British wartime thinking on the future of Germany
develop?
2. Why did Britain allow an independent West Germany to become a
NATO ally only ten years after World War Two?
3. As allies what were the main points of Anglo-German
disagreement?
4. What were the respective British and German views on the
reunification of Germany during the Cold War?
Reading
Essential: Sabine Lee, Victory in Europe: Britain and Germany since 1945,
(Longman, 2001) – especially chapters 2, 3, 4 & 5.
Memoirs
Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department, New
York: Norton, 1987.
Konrad Adenauer, World Indivisible, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1956.
Konrad Adenauer, Memoirs 1945-53, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1965.
Annan, Noel, Changing Enemies: The Defeat and Regeneration of Germany, London:
Harper-Collins, 1996.
Brentano, Heinrich von, Germany and Europe: Reflections on German Foreign
Policy, (translated by Edward Fitzgerald), New York: Frederick Praeger, 1964.
Butler, R.A., The Art of the Possible, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1971.
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan 1938-45, David Dilks
(ed.), London: Cassell, 1971.
Colville, John, The Fringes of Power: Downing Street Diaries Volume II: 1941-April
1955, London: Sceptre, 1987.
Douglas-Home, Alec, The Way the Wind Blows, New York: Quadrangle/ NYT Book
Co., 1976.
17
Eden, Sir Anthony, The Memoirs of Sir Anthony Eden: Full Circle, London: Cassell,
1960.
Harold Evans, Downing Street Diary: The Macmillan Years 1957-63, London: 1981.
Gaitskell, Hugh, The Diary of Hugh Gaitskell 1945-1956, Philip M. Williams (ed.),
London: Jonathan Cape, 1983.
Gromyko, Andrei, Memories, trans. Harold Shukman, London: Hutchison, 1989.
Healey, Denis, The Time of My Life, London: Michael Joseph, 1989.
Robert Rhodes James (ed.), Winston Churchill: His Complete Speeches 1987-1963,
Volume VIII, 1950-63, London; Heinemann, 1974.
Khruschev, Nikita, Khruschev Remembers, introduction, commentary and notes by
Edward Crankshaw; translated and edited by Strobe Talbott, London: Andre Deutsch,
1971.
Kirkpatrick, Ivonne, The Inner Circle, London: Macmillan, 1959.
Harold Macmillan, Tides of Fortune 1945-55, London: Macmillan, 1969.
Harold Macmillan, Riding the Storm 1956-1959, London: Macmillan, 1971.
Harold Macmillan, Pointing the Way 1959-1961, London: Macmillan, 1972.
Harold Macmillan, At the End of the Day 1961-1963, London: Macmillan, 1973.
Roberts, Frank, Dealing with Dictators: The Destruction and Revival of Europe 193070, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1991.
Wilson, Harold, Purpose in Politics, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1964.
Wilson, Harold, The Labour Government 1964-70: A Personal Record, London:
Weidenfield & Nicolson and Michael Joseph, 1971.
Britain and the onset of the Cold War, 1940-1949
T. H. Anderson, The United States, Great Britain and the Cold War, 1944-1947
(1981).
E. Barker, The British between the Superpowers, 1945-50 (1984).
P. M.. H. Bell, France and Britain 1940-1994. The Long Separation (1997).
Gill Bennett (ed.), The End of the War in Europe in 1945 (1996).
P. M. Bell, John Bull and the Bear: British Public Opinion, Foreign Policy and the
Soviet Union, 1941-1945 (1990).
A. Bullock, The Life and Times of Ernest Bevin. Volume III. Foreign Secretary
(1983).
John Charmley, Churchill's Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special
Relationship 1940-57 (1995).
S. Croft, The End of Superpower: British Foreign Office Conceptions of a Changing
World, 1945-51 (1993)
A. Deighton (ed.), Britain and the First Cold War (1990).
A. Deighton, The Impossible Peace: Britain, the Division of Germany and the Origins
of the Cold War (1990).
M. Dockrill, The Cold War, 1945-1963 (1988).
R. Douglas, From War to Cold War, 1942-48 (1982).
R. Douglas, New Alliances, 1940-41 (1982).
R. Edmonds, Setting the Mould. The United States and Britain 1945-1950 (1986).
R. Edmonds, The Big Three. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin in Peace and War (1991).
Foreign and Commonwealth Historians, United Kingdom, United Nations and
Divided World 1946 (1995).
M. S. Gilbert, The Road to Victory. W. S. Churchill, 1941-45 (1986).
R. M. Hathaway, Ambiguous Partnership. Britain and America, 1944-1947 (1981).
18
F. J. Harbutt, The Iron Curtain. Churchill, America and the Origins of the Cold War
(1986).
M. J. Hogan, The Marshall Plan. America, Britain and the Reconstruction of Western
Europe, 1947-1952 (1987).
R. R. James, Anthony Eden (1986).
John Kent, Britain and the Origins of the Cold War (1993).
M. Kitchen, British Policy towards the Soviet Union during the Second World War
(1986).
M. Kitchen, 'Winston Churchill and the Soviet Union during the Second World War',
Historical Journal, vol. 30 (2, 1987), pp. 415-36.
Eva Mayring, 'Foreign policy during the Cold War', German Historical Institute
London Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 1 (1992), 3-13.
Mee, Charles L, Meeting at Potsdam, New York: Franklin, 1975.
K. O. Morgan, Labour in Power, 1945-51 (1984).
R. Ovendale, The English-Speaking Alliance. Britain, the US, the Dominions and the
Cold War, 1945-1951 (1985).
R. Ovendale (ed.), The Foreign Policy of the British Labour Governments, 1945-51
(1984).
G. Ross, 'Foreign Office Attitudes to the Soviet Union, 1941-1945', Journal of
Contemporary History, vol. 16 (3, 1981), pp. 521-40.
V. Rothwell, Britain and the Cold War, 1943-47 (1982).
K. Sainsbury, 'British Policy and German Unity at the End of the Second World War',
English Historical Review, 94, (no. 373) (October, 1979), pp. 786-804.
United Kingdom, United Nations and Divided World 1946, Foreign and
Commonwealth Historians Occasional Papers, No. 10.
Sir L. Woodward, British Foreign Policy in the Second World War (1963).
Britain and Germany in the Cold War: books
Bower, Tom, Blind Eye to Murder: Britain, America and the Purging of Nazi
Germany - A Pledge Betrayed, London: Warner Books, 1997.
Childs, David, Britain since 1945: A Political History, London: Routledge, 1992
R. Coopey, S. Fielding, & N. Tiratsoo, (eds.), The Wilson Governments 1964-1970,
London: Pinter, 1995.
Cosgrave, Patrick, R.A. Butler: An English Life, London: Quartet Books, 1981.
Alfred M. de Zayas, Nemisis at Potsdam: The Anglo-Americans and the Expulsion of
the Germans, London: Victor Gollancz, 1977.
Robert Dean, West German Trade with the East: The Political Dimension, New
York: Praeger, 1974.
Anne Deighton, (ed.), Britain and the First Cold War, London: Macmillan, 1990.
Anne Deighton, The Impossible Peace: Britain, the Division of Germany and the
Origins of the Cold War, OUP, 1990.
Mike Dennis, German Democratic Republic: Politics, Economics and Society,
London: Pinter, 1988.
DePorte, A.W., Europe between the Superpowers: The Enduring Balance, Yale
University Press, 1986.
Heidelmeye, Wolgang & Hindrichs, Guenter, (eds.), Documents on Berlin 1943-1963,
Munich: R. Oldenberg Verlag, 1963.
Heuser, Beatrice , NATO, Britain, France and the FRG: Nuclear Strategies and
Forces for Europe, 1949-2000, London: Macmillan, 1997.
19
Keesing’s Research Report Number 8, Germany and Eastern Europe Since 1945:
From the Potsdam Agreement to Chancellor Brandt’s “Ostpolitik”, New York:
Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973.
Laqueur, Walter, Europe Since Hitler, London: Pelican Books, 1972.
Large, David Clay, Germans to the Front: West German Rearmament in the
Adenauer Era, University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
Larres, Klaus & Meehan, Elizabeth (eds.), Uneasy Allies: British-German Relations
and European Integration Since 1945, O
Lee, Sabine, An Uneasy Relationship: British German Relations between 1955 and
1961, Brockmeyer: Bochum, 1996.
Mayer, Frank A., Adenauer and Kennedy: A Study in German-American Relations,
1961-1963, London: Macmillan: 1996.
McDermott, Geoffrey, Berlin: Success of a Mission?, London: Andre Deutsch, 1963.
McGhee, George C., At the Creation of a New Germany: An Ambassador’s Account
from Adenauer to Brandt, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
Moreton, Edwina, (ed.), Germany Between East and West, Cambridge University
Press/ RIIA, 1987.
Morgan, Roger, Britain and Germany since 1945: Two Societies and Two Foreign
Policies, The 1988 Annual Lecture, German Historical Institute London
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1982.
Oudenaren, John van, Détente in Europe: the Soviet Union and the West since 1953,
London: Duke University Press, 1991.
Ovendale, R. (ed.), The Foreign Policy of the British Labour Governments 1945-51,
Leicester University Press, 1984.
Planck, Charles R., The Changing Status of German Reunification in Western
Diplomacy, 1955-1966, Studies in International Affairs Number 4, The Washington
Center of Foreign Policy Research of the John Hopkins University School of
Advanced International Studies, 1967.
Prittie, Terence Adenauer: A Study in Fortitude, London: Tom Stacey, 1972.
Richardson, J. L., Germany and the Atlantic Alliance, Harvard University Press, 1966.
Roberts, Frank, Dealing with Dictators: The Destruction and Revival of Europe 193070, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1991.
Rothwell, V.H., Britain’s War Aims and Peace Diplomacy 1914-1958, London:
Clarendon Press, 1971.
Ruane, Kevin, The Rise and Fall of the European Defence Community: AngloAmerican Relations and the Crisis of European Defence, 1950-55, London:
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Thorpe, D. R., Selwyn Lloyd, London: Jonathan Cape, 1989.
Thorpe, D.R., Alec Douglas-Home, London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1996.
Trachtenberg, Marc, A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement
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Tratt, Jacqueline, The Macmillan Government and Europe: A Study in the Process of
Policy Development, London: Macmillan, 1996
Wagner, Wolfgang, The Genesis of the Oder-Neisse Line: A Srudy in Diplomatic
Negotiations During World War II, Stuttgart: Brentano Verlag, 1957
20
Wilson, Harold, The Labour Government 1964-70: A Personal Record, London:
Weidenfield & Nicolson and Michael Joseph, 1971.
Windsor, Philip, Germany and the Management of Détente, London: Chatto &
Windus, 1971.
Wiskemann, Elizabeth, Germany’s Eastern Neighbours: Problems Relating to the
Oder-Neisse Line and the Czech Frontier Regions, OUP, 1956.
Young, John W., (ed.), The Foreign Policy of Churchill's Peacetime Administration
1951-55, Leicester University Press, 1988.
Young, John W., Britain and European Unity 1945-1992, London: Macmillan, 1993.
Ziegler, Philip, Wilson: The Authorised Life, London: Wiedenfeld & Nicolson, 1993.
Britain and the German Question and questions pertaining to the Cold
War and Security: Journal articles and chapters from books
Adamthwaite, Anthony, ‘Introduction: The Foreign Office and Policy-Making’ in
John W. Young (ed.), The Foreign Policy of Churchill's Peacetime Administration
1951-55, Leicester University Press, 1988.
Adenauer, Konrad, ‘Germany and the Problems of Our Time’, International Affairs,
Volume 28, Number 1, April 1952, 156-161.
Adenauer, Konrad, ‘Germany and Europe’, Foreign Affairs , Volume 31, Number 2,
April 1953, 361-6.
Adenauer, Konrad, ‘Germany, The New Partner’, Foreign Affairs , Volume 33,
Number 1, January 1955, 171-83.
Adenauer, Konrad, ‘The German Problem, A World Problem’, Foreign Affairs,
Volume 41, Number 1, October 1962, 59-65.
Albert, E.H., The Brandt Doctrine of Two States in Germany’ International Affairs,
Volume 46, Number 2, April 1970, 293-303.
Aldous, Richard, ‘”A Family Affair”: Macmillan and the Art of Personal Diplomacy'
in Aldous, Richard & Lee, Sabine, eds., Harold Macmillan and Britain's World Role,
London: Macmillan, 1996.
Anthon, Carl G., ‘Adenauer’s Ostpolitik 1955-1963’, World Affairs (Washington),
Fall 1976, 112-124.
Ausland, John C. and Richardson, Hugh F., ‘Crisis Management: Berlin, Cyprus,
Laos’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 44, Number 2, January 1966, 291-303.
Bader, W. B., ‘Nuclear Weapons Sharing and “The German Problem” , Foreign
Affairs, Volume 44, Number 4, July 1966, 693-700.
Baring, Arnulf, ‘The institutions of German Foreign Policy’, in Karl Kaiser & Roger
Morgan (eds.), Britain and West Germany: Changing Societies and the Future of
Foreign Policy, London, 1971.
Barker, Elisabeth, ‘The Berlin Crisis 1958-62’, International Affairs, Volume 39,
Number1, January 1963, 59-73.
Barman, Thomas, ‘Britain, France and West Germany: The Changing Patterns of their
Relationship in Europe’, International Affairs, Volume 46, Number 2, April 1970,
269-79.
Baylis, John, ‘Britain, the Brussels Pact and the continental committment’,
International Affairs, vol 60, no. 4, 1984, 615-30.
Bertram, Cristoph, ‘West German Perspectives on European Security: Continuity and
Change’, The World Today, March 1971, 115-24.
Birrenbach, Kurt, ‘The West German and German Ostpolitik - The German
Opposition View’, The Atlantic Community Quarterly, Volume IX, Number 2,
Summer 1971, 196-204.
21
Bowie, Robert R., ‘Tensions Within the Alliance’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 42,
Number 1, October 1963, 49-69.
Brandt, Willy, ‘German Policy Towards the East,’ Foreign Affairs, April 1968, 47686.
Brandt, Willy, ‘The East-West Problem as Seen From Berlin’, International Affairs,
Volume 34 1958, Number 3, July, 297-304.
Brentano, Heinrich von, ‘Goals and Means of the Western Alliance’, Foreign Affairs,
Volume 39, Number 3, April 1961, 416-429.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew and Griffith, William E., ‘Peaceful Engagement in Eastern
Europe’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 39, Number 4, July 1961, 642-654.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, ‘Moscow and the M.L.F.: Hostility and Ambivalence’,
Foreign Affairs, Volume 43, Number 1, October 1964, 126-134.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, ‘The Challenge of Change in the Soviet Bloc’, Foreign
Affairs, Volume 39, Number 3, April 1961, 430-443.
Dean, Robert W., ‘Bonn-Prague Relations: The Politics of Reconciliation’, The
World Today, April 1973, 149-59.
Deighton. Anne, ‘British-West German Relations, 1945-1972’ in Klaus Larres &
Elizabeth Meehan (eds.), Uneasy Allies: British-German Relations and European
Integration Since 1945, OUP, 2000.
Dojk, Ruud van, The 1952 Stalin Note Debate: Myth or Missed Opportunity?, Cold
War International History Project Working Paper Number 14, May 1996.
Drummond, Stewart, ‘German Federal Republic’s Policy towards Eastern Europe’,
Army Quarterly, October 1970, 30-5.
Erler, Fritz, ‘The Alliance and the Future of Germany’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 43,
Number 3, October 1965, 436-446.
Gearson, John P.S., Witness Seminar, ‘British Policy and the Berlin Wall Crisis 195861’, Contemporary Record, Volume Six, Number one.
Grosser, Alfred, ‘France and Germany: Divergent Outlooks’, Foreign Affairs,
Volume 44, Number 1,October 1965, 26-36.
Hallstein, Walter, ‘Germany’s Dual Aim: Unity and Integration’, Foreign Affairs,
October 1952, 58-66.
Harries, O., ‘Faith in the Summit’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 40, Number 1, October
1961, 58-70.
Hassel, Kai-Uwe von, ‘Détente Through Firmness’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 42,
Number 2, January 1964, 184-194.
Healey, Denis, ‘When Shrimps Learn to Whistle’ Thoughts after Geneva’,
International Affairs, Volume 33, Number 2, April 1957, 1-10.
Herwarth, Hans von, ‘Anglo-German Relations: I. A German View’, International
Affairs, October 1963, Volume 39, Number 4, 513-22.
Home, Earl of, ‘Interdependence: the British role’, International Affairs, vol. 37, no.
2, 1961, 154-60.
Howard, Michael, ‘Disengagement and Western Security’, International Affairs,
Volume 34, Number 4, October 1958, 469-476.
Ingimundarson, Valur, ‘The Eisenhower, the Adenauer Government, and the Political
Uses of the East German Uprising in 1953’, Diplomatic History, Volume 20, Number
3 (Summer 1996), 378-90.
Kennan, George F., ‘Disengagement Revisited’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 37, Number
2, January 1959, 187-210.
Kennan, George F., ‘Peaceful Coexistence: A Western View’, Foreign Affairs,
Volume 38, Number 2, January 1960, 171-190.
22
Kennedy, John F., ‘A Democrat looks at Foreign Policy’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 36,
Number 1, 1957, 46-54.
Kissinger, Henry A., ‘The Search for Stability’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 37, Number
4, July 1959, 537-560.
Kissinger, Henry A., ‘Strains on the Alliance’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 41, Number
2, January 1963, 261-285.
Kissinger, Henry A., ‘Coalition Diplomacy in a Nuclear Age’, Foreign Affairs,
Volume 42, Number 4, July 1964, 525-545.
Korbel, Josef, ‘German-Soviet Relations: The Past and the Prospects’, Orbis,
Summer/Winter 1967, 1046-60.
Krushchev, Nikita S., ‘On Peaceful Coexistence’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 38,
Number 1, October 1959, 1-18.
Larres, Klaus, ‘Reunification or Integration with the West? Britain and the Federal
Republic of Germany in the Early 1950s’ in Richard J. Aldrich & Michael F.
Hopkins, Intelligence, Defence and Diplomacy, Ilford; Frank Cass, 1994.
Larres, Klaus, ‘Preserving Law and Order; Britain, the United States and the East
German Uprising of 1953’, Twentieth Century British History, Volume 5, Number 3,
October 1994, 320-50.
Larres, Klaus, ‘Introduction: Uneasy Allies or Genuine Partners? Britain, Germany,
and European Integration’ in Klaus Larres & Elizabeth Meehan (eds.), Uneasy Allies:
British-German Relations and European Integration Since 1945, OUP, 2000.
Larres, Klaus, ‘Britain and the GDR: Political and economic Relations, 1949-1989’ in
Klaus Larres & Elizabeth Meehan (eds.), Uneasy Allies: British-German Relations
and European Integration Since 1945, OUP, 2000.
Lee, Sabine, ‘Review Article; America and the Shaping of Post-War Germany’,
German Politics, Volume 5, Number 1, 145-50.
Lee, Sabine 'Anglo-German Relations 1958-59: The Postwar Turning Point?',
Diplomacy and Statecraft, Volume 6, Number 3, 1995, 787-808.
Lee, Sabine, ‘Pragmatism Versus Principle? Macmillan and Germany’ in Richard
Aldous & Sabine Lee (eds.), Harold Macmillan: Aspects of a Political Life, London:
Macmillan, 1999.
Lee, Sabine, ‘CDU Refugee Policies and the Landesverband Oder/ Neiße: Electoral
Tool or Instrument of Integration?’, German Politics, Volume Eight, Number One,
April 1999, 131-149.
Robert, Frank. ‘Is Germany’s Ostpolitik Dangerous? A Diplomatic Balance Sheet’,
Encounter, May 1971, 62-8.
Roberts, Frank, ‘The German-Soviet Treaty and its Effect on European and Atlantic
Policies: A British View’, The Atlantic Community Quarterly, Volume IX, Number 2,
Summer 1971, 184-195.
Rose, Saul, ‘The Labour Party and German Rearmament: A View from Transport
House’, Political Studies, Volume XIV, Number II, 1966.
Schroeder, Gerhard, ‘Germany Looks at Eastern Europe’, Foreign Affairs, Volume
44, Number 1,October 1965, 15-25.
Steel, Sir Christopher, ‘Anglo Diplomatic History, Volume 21, Number 1, Winter
1997, 140-8.
Shlaim, A., ‘Britain, the Berlin Blockade and the Cold war’, International Affairs,
Volume 60, Number 1, Spring 1984, 1-14.
-German Relations: II. A British View’, International Affairs, October 1963, Volume
39, Number 4, 522-31.
23
Strauss, Franz-Josef, ‘Soviet Aims and German Unity’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 37,
Number 3, April 1959, 366-377.
Strauss, Franz Josef, ‘An Alliance of Continents’, International Affairs, Volume 41,
Number 2, April 1965, 191-203.
Wilson, D., ‘Anglo-Soviet Relations: the Effect on Ideas and Reality’, International
Affairs, Volume 50, Number 3, 1974, 380-91.
Wolfe, James H., ‘West Germnay and Czechoslovakia:
The Struggle for
Reconciliation’, Orbis, Spring 1970, 154-79.
World Survey, The West German Federal Republic and the Ostpolitik in Election
Year, Number 50, February 1973, London: The Atlantic Education Trust.
Wright, Jonathan, 'The Role of Britain in West German Foreign Policy since 1949',
German Politics, Volume 5, Number 1, April 1996, 22-34.
Wrigley, Chris, ‘Now You See It, Now you Don’t: Harold Wilson and Labour’s
Foreign Policy 1964-70’ in Coopey, R., Fielding, S. & Tiratsoo, N., The Wilson
Governments 1964-1970, London: Pinter, 1995.
“X”, ‘The Conduct of Soviet Policy’ in A Foreign Affairs Reader, Council for Foreign
Relations, 1948.
Young, John W., 'Cold War and Détente with Moscow' in John W. Young (ed.), The
Foreign Policy of Churchill's Peacetime Administration 1951-55, Leicester
University Press, 1988.
_____________________________________________________________
Seminar four. Was the common interest of Britain and West Germany
prior to 1989 largely the product of the Cold War? What were the central
factors at work in Anglo-German relations after 1970? Did the British
conception of a ‘Special Relationship’ with the United States harm
Anglo-German relations?
Reading
Essential: Sabine Lee, Victory in Europe: Britain and Germany since 1945,
(Longman, 2001) – especially chapters 4, 6, 7 & 8.
Britain and the cautious approach to European integration and the EEC
Miriam Camps, Britain and the European Community, 1955-1963 (1964).
Croft, Stuart, ‘British Policy Towards Western Europe: 1945-1951’ in Peter M. R.
Stirk & David Willis (eds.), Shaping Postwar Europe: European Unity and Disunity
1945-1957, London: Pinter Publishers, 1991.
Deighton. Anne, ‘British-West German Relations, 1945-1972’ in Klaus Larres &
Elizabeth Meehan (eds.), Uneasy Allies: British-German Relations and European
Integration Since 1945, OUP, 2000.
Ennio Di Nolfo (ed.), Power in Europe? vol. 2, Great Britain, France, Germany and
Italy and the Origins of the EEC 1952-1957 (1992).
Griffiths, Richard, ‘A Slow One Hundred and Eighty Degree Turn: British Policy
Towards the Common Market. 1955-60’ in George Wilkes, (ed.), Britain’s Failure to
Enter the European Community 1961-63: The Enlargement Negotiations and Crises
in European, Atlantic and Commonwealth Relations, London: Frank Cass, 1997.
Jenkins, Roy, ‘British Labour Divided’, Foreign Affairs, Volume 38, Number 3, April
1960, 487-496.
Jenkins, Roy, A Life at the Centre, London: Macmillan, 1991.
24
Wolfram Kaiser, 'To join or not to join: the 'Appeasement' policy of Britain's first
EEC application', B. Brivati and Harriet Jones (eds.), From Reconstruction to
Integration: Britain and Europe since 1945 (1993).
Wolfram Kaiser, Using Europe, Abusing the Europeans: Britain and European
Integration 1945-63, London: Macmillan, 1996.
Northedge, F.S., ‘Britain as a Second-rank Power’, International Affairs, Volume 46,
Number 1, January 1970, 37-47.
Pagedas, Constantine A., ‘Harold Macmillan and the 1962 Champs Meeting’,
Diplomacy and Statecraft, Volume 9, Number 1, March 1998, 224-242.
Martin Schaad, 'Plan G - a 'counterblast'? British policy towards the Messina
countries, 1956', Contemporary European History, vol. 7 (1998), 39-60.
Schmidt, Gustav, ‘’Master-minding’ a new Western Europe: the Key actors at
Brussels in the Superpower Conflict’ in George Wilkes, (ed.), Britain’s Failure to
Enter the European Community 1961-63: The Enlargement Negotiations and Crises
in European, Atlantic and Commonwealth Relations, London: Frank Cass, 1997.
Steininger, Rolf, 'Great Britain's first EEC failure in January 1963', Diplomacy and
Statecraft, Volume 7, Number 2, July 1996, 400-414.
Weigall, David, ‘British Perceptions of the European Defence Community’ in Peter
M. R. Stirk, & David Willis (eds.), Shaping Postwar Europe: European Unity and
Disunity 1945-1957, London: Pinter Publishers, 1991.
Wilmot, Chester, ‘Britain’s Strategic Relationship to Europe’, International Affairs,
Volume 29, Number 4, October 1953, 409-17
Young, Hugo, This Blessed Plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair,
London: Papermac, 1999.
Young, John W., ‘Churchill’s “No” to Europe: the “Rejection” of European Union by
Churchill’s Post-War Government, 1951-1952’, The Historical Journal, Volume 28,
Number 4, October 1985, 923-937.
Memoirs and related
Brandt, Willy, A Peace Policy for Europe, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1969.
----------The Ordeal of Co-existence, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
1963.
----------People and Politics: The Years 1960-1975, (trans. by J. Maxwell
Brownjohn), Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1978.
----------My Life In Politics, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992.
Brown, George, In My Way, London: Victor Gollancz, 1971.
Callaghan, James, Time and Chance, London, 1987.
Crossman, Richard, Back-bench Diaries, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969.
Denman, Roy, Missed Chances: Britain & Europe in the Twentieth Century, London:
Indigo, 1997.
Douglas-Home, Alec, The Way the Wind Blows, New York: Quadrangle/ NYT Book
Co., 1976.
Gromyko, Andrei, Memories, trans. Harold Shukman, London: Hutchison, 1989.
Healey, Denis, The Time of My Life, London: Michael Joseph, 1989.
Rusk, Dean, As I Saw It, London: I.B. Tauris, 1991.
Stewart, Michael, Life and Labour: An Autobiography, London: Sedgwick & Jackson,
1980.
Books – articles – book chapters
Andrew, Christopher & Mitrokhin, Vasili, The Mitrokhin Archive: the KGB in Europe
and the West, London: Penguin Books, 2000.
25
Barnett, Corelli, The Audit of War: the Illusion and Reality of Britain as a Great
Baylis, John, Anglo-American Defence Relations, 1939-1984, London: Macmillan,
1984.
Bell, P.M.H., France and Britain 1940-1994: The Long Separation, London:
Longman, 1997.
Berghahn, Volker, Modern Germany: Society, Economy and Politics in the Twentieth
Century, CUP, 1982.
Bluth, Christoph, Britain, Germany and Western Nuclear Strategy, OUP, 1995.
Callaghan, James, Time and Chance, London: Collins, 1987.
Childs, David, Britain since 1945: A Political History, London: Routledge, 1992
Coopey, R., Fielding, S. & Tiratsoo, N., (eds.), The Wilson Governments 1964-1970,
London: Pinter, 1995.
Craig, Gordon A., The Germans, London: Pelican Books, 1984.
Crockatt, Richard,The Fifty Years War: the United States and the Soviet Union in
World Politics, 1941-1991, London: Routledge, 1995.
Dennis, Mike, German Democratic Republic: Politics, Economics and Society,
London:
DePorte, A.W., Europe between the Superpowers: The Enduring Balance, Yale
University Press, 1986.
Dyson, Keith ‘Introduction’ in European Détente: Case Studies of the Politics of
East-West Relations, Dyson, Keith, (ed.), London: Frances Pinter, 1986.
Dyson, Kenneth, ‘European détente in historical perspective: ambiguities and
paradoxes’ in European Détente: Case Studies of the Politics of East-West Relations,
Keith Dyson (ed.), London: Frances Pinter, 1986.
Dyson, Keith, (ed.), European Détente: Case Studies of the Politics of East-West
Relations, London: Frances Pinter, 1986.
Frey, Eric G., Divisions and Detente: The Germanies and their Alliances, New York:
Simon & Schuster, 1987.
Garton Ash, Timothy, In Europe's Name: Germany and the Divided Continent,
London: Vintage, 1994.
Gordon, Lincoln with Brown, J.F., Hassner, Pierre, Joffe, Josef & Moreton, Edwina,
Eroding Empire: Western Relations with Eastern Europe, Washington: The
Brookings Institution, 1987.
Greenwood, Sean, Britain and European Integration Since the Second World War,
Documents in Contemporary History, Manchester University Press, 1996.
--------------, Britain and the Cold War, London: Macmillan, 2000.
Heuser, Beatrice , NATO, Britain, France and the FRG: Nuclear Strategies and
Forces for Europe, 1949-2000, London: Macmillan, 1997.
Husemann, D., As Others See Us: Anglo-German Perceptions, P. Lang, 1988.
Kennedy, Paul, The Realities Behind Diplomacy: Background Influences on British
External Policy 1865-1980, London: Fontana, 1981.
Morgan, Kenneth O., Callaghan: A Life, OUP, 1997.
Pimlott, Ben, Harold Wilson, London: Harper and Collins, 1993.
Sanders, David, Losing an Empire, Finding a Role: British Foreign Policy Since
1945, London: Macmillan, 1990.
Schaad, P., Bullying Bonn: Anglo-German Diplomacy on European Integration,
London: Macmillan, 2000.
Smith, S., Smith M., & White B., (eds.), British Foreign Policy: Tradition, Change
and Transformation, London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.
26
Stürmer, Michael, ‘Ostpolitik, Deutschlandpolitik and the Western Alliance: German
perspectives on détente’ in European Détente: Case Studies of the Politics of EastWest Relations, Keith Dyson (ed.), London: Frances Pinter, 1986.
Tusa, Ann, The Last Division: Berlin and the Wall, London: Hodder & Stoughton,
1996.
White, Brian, Britain, Détente, and Changing East-West Relations, London:
Routledge, 1992.
Williams, Philip, ‘Britain, détente and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in
Europe’ Keith Dyson (ed.), in European Détente: Case Studies of the Politics of EastWest Relations, London: Frances Pinter, 1986.
Young, John W., Britain and European Unity 1945-1992, London: Macmillan, 1993.
Ziegler, Philip, Wilson: The Authorised Life, London: Wiedenfeld & Nicolson, 1993.
_____________________________________________________________
Seminar five.
1. Why was support for German reunification so half-hearted in
certain sections of British society in 1989-90?
2. Did this reflect the mainstream in British opinion or just the
attitude of the Thatcher government?
3. What do the debates of those years tell us about the evolution of
British attitudes towards Germany since 1900?
Reading
Essential: Sabine Lee, Victory in Europe: Britain and Germany since 1945,
(Longman, 2001) – especially chapters 8, 9, & 10.
Detailed reading
Brivati, Brian & Jones, Harriet (eds.), From Reconstruction to Integration: Britain
and Europe Since 1945, Leicester, 1993.
Erwig, Rainier, Stereotypes in Contemporary Anglo-German Relations, (Macmillan,
2000).
George, Stephen, An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community, 3rd
edition, Oxford, 1998.
Howe, Geoffrey, Conflict of Loyalty, Basingstoke, 1994.
Husemann, D., As Others See Us: Anglo-German Perceptions, (P. Lang, 1988).
Kielinger, Thomas, Crossroads and Roundabouts: Junctions in German-British
Relations, London: FCO & Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Federal
Larres, Klaus & Meehan, Elizabeth (eds.), Uneasy Allies: British-German Realtions
and European Integration Since 1945, OUP, 2000.
Larres, Klaus, ‘Germany and the West: the ‘Rapallo factor’ in German Foreign Policy
From the 1950s to the 1990s’ in Klaus Larres & Panikos Panayi, The Federal
Republic of Germany Since 1949: Politics, Society and Economy Before and Since
Reunification, London: Longman, 1996.
Moreton, Edwina, 'The View From London' in Eroding Empire: Western Relations
with Eastern Europe, Lincoln Gordon with J. F. Brown, Pierre Hassner, Josef Joffe &
Edwina Moreton, Washington: The Brookings Institution, 1987.
Morgan, Roger, 'The British View' in Edwina Moreton (ed.), Germany Between East
and West, Cambridge University Press/ RIIA, 1987.
27
Morgan, Roger, Britain and Germany since 1945: Two Societies and Two Foreign
Policies, The 1988 Annual Lecture, German Historical Institute London.
Schulz, Eberhard, ‘Unfinished Business: the German National Question and the
Future of Europe’, International Affairs, Volume 60, Number 2, Summer 1984, 391402
Schulz, Eberhard, ‘Berlin, the German Question and the Future of Europe: LongTerm Perspectives’, p. 128 in European Détente: Case Studies of the Politics of EastWest Relations, Keith Dyson (ed.), London: Frances Pinter, 1986.
Seldon, Anthony, Major: A Political Life, London, 1997.
Smith, Julie & Edwards, Geoffrey, ‘British-West German Relations, 1973-1989’ in
Klaus Larres & Elizabeth Meehan (eds.), Uneasy Allies: British-German Relations
and European Integartion Since 1945, OUP, 2000.
Thatcher, Margaret, The Downing Street Years, London, 1993.
Watson, Alan, ‘Thatcher and Kohl: Old Rivalries Revisited’ in Bond, M., Smith, J. &
Wallace, W., London, 1996.
Young, Hugo, One of Us, London, 1989.
Young, Hugo, This Blessed Plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair,
London: Papermac, 1999.
_____________________________________________________________________
RGH 2002
28