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Smart Spaces. Ch.1: Ubiquitous Computing and Smart Applications Outline Smart Spaces § 1. Ubiquitous computing Chapter 1: § 2. Smart Components § 3. Features, Challenges, and Approaches Ubiquitous Computing and Smart Applications Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 1 Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 Ubiquitous computing (Ubicom) §1. Ubiquitous computing Popular terms today: Ubiquitous computing Calm technology Internet of Things (IoT (IoT)) Pervasive computing 3 The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else. The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are; the computer should extend your unconscious Technology should create calm 4 Waves of Computing We live in a Digital World Many computational devices and systems Information processing is thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities Machines that fit the human environment instead of forcing humans to enter theirs Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 Specialized elements of hardware and software, connected by wires, radio waves and infrared, will be so ubiquitous that no one will notice their presence. Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 Calm Technology Mark Weiser introduced the term "ubiquitous computing" around 1988 Mobile computing Ambient intelligence Semantic Web Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 2 1. Mainframes era (Past) Each machine shared by lots of people One computer, many people 2. Personal computing era (Present) One person, one desktop 3. Ubiquitous computing (Future) Technology recedes into the background of our lives One person, many devices 5 Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 6 1 Smart Spaces. Ch.1: Ubiquitous Computing and Smart Applications One big space Ambient intelligence (AmI) All kinds of devices and networks, anywhere, anytime: Sensors, active badges, cards, phones, laptops, embedded controllers, robots, PCs, Internet servers, ... Pervasive computing: Small and inexpensive processing devices, distributed at all scales throughout everyday life The Internet of things: networked interconnection of everyday objects Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 Electronic environments become sensitive and responsive to the presence of people Support of people in carrying out their everyday life activities using information and intelligence that is hidden in the space 7 Smart space The vision of incorporating sensing, computation, and communication into everyday things in order to make them and their surroundings “smart” Smart things can detect where they are, sense what is around them, detect and communicate with other smart things, remember what they were used for previously, and reason about the kind of future actions they might likely be used for Smart Spaces are a realization of ubiquitous computing vision Relevant real-world information is stored and kept up to date Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 World Wide Web Peer-to-Peer systems Parallel computing Cloud computing Artificial Intelligence Digital entity that makes services available for each user in a seamless way using the most suitable available resources 8 Related approaches Ubiquitous computing: Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 9 §2. Components Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 10 Candidate Smart Domains Smart devices Smart environments Smart interaction (Taken from Sofia project) Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 11 Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 12 2 Smart Spaces. Ch.1: Ubiquitous Computing and Smart Applications Smart Devices Smart Environments Tab, Pad, Board Mobile devices Multi-purpose ICT devices: mobile phone, camera, games console, ... Loosely-bound to users (accompanied) or tightlybound to users (wearable) Personalized, configured to a specified owner Single portal to internal and external services Service access: Open service discovery and Intermittent resource access Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 13 Physical environments: embedded with a variety of smart devices of different types including tags, sensors, and controllers Humans environments: humans accompanied by smart devices Environment with associated “digital representation” 14 Summarizing A smart space is a virtual, servicecentric, multi-user, multi-device, dynamic interaction environment that applies a shared view of resources Remote control of devices Resource discovery Information dissemination Predictive and decision-making capabilities Sensing physical environment and adapting behavior accordingly Virtual computing environments: smart devices access pertinent services anywhere and anytime Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 Smart Interactions Replacing the hazardous work, physical labor, and repetitive tasks with automated agents where you are who you are with what resources are nearby Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 15 Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 §3. Features, Challenges, and Approaches Some examples Smart Home Smart meetings/conferences Car smart space Healthcare smart space Building maintenance Embedded, Mobile: many networked devices are Sensible and Context aware: these devices can Personalized: they can be tailored to your needs Adaptive: they change in response to you Proactive, Anticipatory: they understand your ! Exploit these ideas for your project Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 16 17 integrated into the environment recognize you and your situational context desires without conscious mediation Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 18 3 Smart Spaces. Ch.1: Ubiquitous Computing and Smart Applications Technology models Lack of common standards Re-thinking of almost every aspect of computing needs to be done devices, vendors, product domains, and produced information mobile wireless networks service-oriented computing human computer interaction autonomous systems, contextawareness, artificial intelligence micro-electromechanical systems, sensors, robots Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 Huge number of participating Semistructured information: The same information can be used according with different structures ! Ontology-based approach can help here as we’ll see later 19 Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 No global central control Human-computer interaction Peer-to-Peer vs. Clouds? Various levels of hierarchy can help Previous models are inappropriate to the ubiquitous case Information division Composition/decomposition Multiple small agents 21 Privacy and Security Preliminary ideas appear in mobile phones, digital players, radio-frequency identification tags (RFID), interactive whiteboards Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 22 The opposite of virtual reality Is it good that the computers are invisible? Who can turn them off? Who controls the flow of information, and who has access to it? People always try to misuse a technology to realize their own benefits Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 command-line menu-driven GUI-based New model has yet to emerge Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 20 23 Virtual reality puts people inside a computer-generated world Ubiquitous computing forces the computer to live in the world with people A very difficult integration of human factors, computer science, engineering, and social sciences Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 24 4 Smart Spaces. Ch.1: Ubiquitous Computing and Smart Applications Smart Space Application 1. 2. 3. Literature Many diverse devices Customization (personalization) Proactivity Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 25 Mark Weiser, The Computer for the Twenty-First Century. Scientific American, pp. 94-10, September 1991 Stefan Poslad. Ubiquitous Computing: Smart Devices, Environments and Interactions. Wiley Publishing, 2009. Diane Cook and Sajal Das. How smart are our environments? An updated look at the state of the art. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, pp. 53-73, Elsevier, 2007. Jon Mitchell. Inspiring The Internet Of Things: A Comic Book, 2011. Dmitry G. Korzun, 2011-2012 26 5