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CHAPTER 4 Understanding Nonverbal Messages Chapter 4: Understanding Nonverbal Messages What is Nonverbal Communication? Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication? How Does Nonverbal Function? What are the Nonverbal Codes? How Can We Interpret NV Messages more effectively? Chapter 4: Understanding Nonverbal Messages Effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages Communication other than ______ or ______ “language” that creates meaning for someone. (page 84) Nonverbal messages communicate feelings and attitudes Face channels 55% of our emotional meaning Vocal cues convey 38% of our emotional meaning Nonverbal messages are more believable. NV messages are not very conscious and harder to control This is referred to as “Nonverbal Leakage” “Poker Face” Substitute Accent Repeat Regulate Complement Contradict Substitute: NV substitute for V message You don’t have to say anything at all because the NV message will substitute for the verbal message Ex: extended thumb, give the finger Ex: Breaking Bad: Mike wants the keys from Walt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxLCSen9xrw KEWORD: Instead of Accent: NV reinforces a verbal message, adds intensity or emotion NV and V happen at the same time Ex: I say you must know this section of the book for the test while pounding my fist on the book KEYWORD: show emotion or adds intensity Repeat: NV message follows V message, one after the other V and NV message do not occur at the same time Ex: Saying “I love you” and then giving a hug KEYWORDS: after, then, next Regulate: Control flow of conversation using NV Ex: Looking at your book when your teacher asks a question Ex: Awkward Elevator KEYWORDS: control, influence, monitor Complement Clarify and extend meaning of V message used in conjunction with each other Verbally describing and using NV gestures to help reinforce the verbal meaning Ex: Describing a dress KEYWORDS: same time, together, at once, while Contradict NV does not match V Ex: Your partner says she is not upset with you but she will not make eye contact KEYWORDS: opposite, opposed, differing Example: Old School: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zT2ae1WkuC0&featu re=player_embedded What statement illustrates a person using nonverbal cues to complement a message? A. B. C. D. A person pointing while giving you directions. A person saying hello followed by a wave. A person saying “I don’t have an attitude problem” while stomping his foot on the word “attitude.” A person holding up her hand to interrupt another person. Appearance Body Movement, Gesture, and Posture Facial Expressions Haptics Paralanguage Physical Environment Appearance Artifacts Dress Body Type Physical attractiveness Mark Knapp's non Mark Knapp's nonv 20 21 22 Can you tell who are athletes based on their body type? 23 Through NVs, we might be able to infer about eating habits. 24 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Facial Symmetry Big eyes Long hair Big lips High cheekbones 25 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Facial Symmetry Height Cheekbones High forehead Muscular features NV Codes: Kinesics Kenesics – Refers to the study of human movements, gesture, and posture. Emblems – NV cue that has a specific meaning in a given culture that may substitute for a word or phrase Index finger: come here Illustrators – General NV behaviors that accompanies a V message by contradict, complement, accent Yawing but claiming your not tired. Affect Displays – NV behavior that communicates emotion Friends: Joey isn’t a gracious loser http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMDHD-fHz0Q Regulators – a NV behavior that helps control the level or interaction Raise eyebrows, Open mouth when we want to speak Adaptor - a NV behavior that helps satisfy a personal need and allows a person to adapt to a situation Typically referred to as a thinking habit. Shaking leg /Chewing fingernails Quasi-courtship Behavior - “flirting” Courtship readiness: suck in your stomach Preening :Comb your hair, fix your tie Positional Cues :Turn towards the person, walk their direction Appeals to Invitation: shake their hand but hold it longer, “accidentally” bump into them Paralanguage – NV aspects of the voice Back-Channel Cues – Cue that indicates whether you want to speak or not Tone, Rate, Volume, Silence “uh hu” Response Latencies – Amount of time it takes to respond “Are you there?” Proximics – The study of space (page 97) Intimate Space (0 to 1.5 feet) – spouse, family Personal Space (1.5 to __ feet) – friends, family Social Space (___ to 12 feet) – teams, meetings Public Space (___ feet and ____) – public speaking Mark Knapp's nonverbal slides UT Austin Space violations We use space to provide information about power, status and intimacy Ex: Studying at the library Territorial markers We use space and objects to communication occupancy or ownership of a space Ex: Seats we choose in class Mark Knapp's nonverbal slides UT Austin 35 Mark Knapp's nonverbal slides UT Austin Haptics – The study of human touch Touch is the most powerful form of nonverbal communication and the most misunderstood Intimate human contact is vital to our personal development and well being Kangaroo care: http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/38988444/ns/todayparenting_and_family/t/moms-hug-revives-baby-was-pronounceddead/ Even dogs prefer touch over verbal praise! Dogs Prefer Petting Way More Than You Thought http://www.huffington post.com/2014/09/0 7/dogs-preferpettingstudy_n_5772368.html Mehrabian’s 3 part framework: Immediacy - the perception of physical and psychological closeness between communicators. Communicates feelings of closeness and liking (eye contact, open posture, smiling, etc.) Arousal - The degree to which a person is stimulated or activated Communicates active interest and excitement (i.e. vocal expression, touch, facial expression) Dominance - the disposition of an individual to assert control in dealing with others. Communicates status, position, and importance (i.e. body position, use of space, etc.) 40 Chapter 4: Understanding Nonverbal Messages 1. List and define 3 of the 6 NV functions. 2. Provide an example of a NV function that you use during interactions. 3. List 3 NV codes discussed today. 4. Provide an example of an immediacy cue, arousal cue, and dominance cue
