Download Astronomy Study Guide ACADEMIC

NAME:___________________________
Astronomy Study Guide
ACADEMIC
asteroid
comet
ellipse
Galilean moons
Aristotle
VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW
geocentric system
meteor
gravity
meteorite
heliocentric system
meteoroid
inertia
nuclear fusion
ASTRONOMERS TO KNOW
Copernicus
Galileo
Kepler
 ASTRONOMY TEST IS
TUESDAY, 2/2!
 STUDY GUIDE DUE
FRIDAY, 1/29!
retrograde rotation
revolution
rotation
solar system
Newton
HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY
 What system or model did the ANCIENT astronomers such as Aristotle believe in?
 How did Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton contribute to our modern heliocentric model?
 Explain SPECIFICALLY how Galileo PROVED the heliocentric model. What
TWO pieces of evidence did he see AND how did they support that the sun was at the
center?
The BOLDED bullets MAY BE
COMETS, ASTEROIDS, AND METEORS:
SHORT ANSWER
 Describe comets and asteroids and meteoroids
QUESTIONS!!! So PRACTICE
 Know their locations in our solar system
writing your responses!!
 Compare a short term vs. long term comet
 Be able to label the parts of a comet
 Compare and contrast meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites
PLANETS:
 I suggest that you make a flashcard for each planet. Write the major moon(s), inner/outer, solid/gas,
atmosphere, and any characteristic specific to that planet…basically, use your foldable notes!
 Know the characteristics of the Inner and Outer Planets
 Know the characteristics of each planet
 Know the Galilean moons
 List the planets in order from the sun
 What 2 forces keep a planet in orbit around the sun?
SUN:
 Be able to identify the 4 parts of the sun.
 Be able to describe and label features on the sun such as sunspots, solar flares, and solar prominences
 Be able to explain nuclear fusion.
Review sessions are
Mon, 2/1 3:30-4:15 Papageorge 222 and
Simpson 221
Tues, 2/2 7:45-8:23 Pickett 220
ACADEMIC - Make flashcards for +5 points!
Describing the Solar System
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions.
Ancient Greek Model
Ptolemy's Geocentric Model
Copernicus' Heliocentric Model
1. What is the main difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of planetary motion?
2. How did Galileo’s observations of Jupiter and Venus support Copernicus’ model? (What did Jupiter’s
moons prove? What did Venus’s phases show?)
 For Jupiter he saw _________________________________ which showed that
______________________________________________________________________________
 For Venus he saw that ________________________________ which proved that
______________________________________________________________________________
3. How do gravity and inertia keep the planets in orbit around the sun?
Building Vocabulary Fill in each blank to complete each statement. Not all the words are used!
ellipse
gravity
heliocentric
geocentric
inertia
4. The sun-centered system of planets developed by Copernicus is an example of a(n)
___________________________ system.
5. An object’s _________________ tends to keep a moving object continuing in a straight line and a
stationary object in place.
6. An Earth-centered system of planets is known as a(n) ______________________ system.
7. The shape of the orbit of each planet is a(n) _________________.
STUDY GUIDE DUE FRIDAY!
Characteristics of the Sun
Understanding Main Ideas Label the diagram of the sun below.
Chromosphere
core
corona
photosphere
prominence
sunspot
outermost
layer
middle layer
inner layer
or surface
Building Vocabulary Match each term with its description by writing the letter of the correct description on
the line beside the term.
______ 7. solar flare
a. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that makes light
______ 8. core
b. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that has a reddish glow
______ 9. chromosphere
c. the layer of the sun’s atmosphere that looks like a halo during an eclipse
______ 10. sunspot
d. areas of gas on the sun that are cooler than the gases around
them
______ 11. corona
e. reddish loops of gas that link parts of sunspot regions
______ 12. nuclear fusion
f. explosions that occur when the loops in sunspot regions suddenly
connect
______ 13. photosphere
g. the center of the sun where nuclear fusion takes place
______ 14. prominence
h. the joining of hydrogen atoms to form helium
STUDY GUIDE DUE FRIDAY!
Characteristics of the Inner Planets
Understanding Main Ideas Label the diagram with the names of the inner planets.
1.
Write the name(s) of the
INNER planet or planets the statement describes.
_________________ 5. has a rocky surface
_________________ 6. 70 percent is covered with water
NO OUTER
PLANETS ON THIS
WORKSHEET!
_________________ 7. rotates in the opposite direction from most other planets and moons
_________________ 8. called the “red planet” because of the color of the dust
Earth and Mars 9. has at least one moon
_________________
________________ 10. similar to each other in size, density, and internal structure
Some have ONE
answer and
some have
MORE than one
answer!
________________ 11. has almost no atmosphere
________________ 12. atmosphere so heavy and thick that it would crush a human
________________ 13. has a tilted axis so that the planet has seasons
________________ 14. atmosphere has low air pressure and is mostly carbon dioxide
Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of the following terms.
15. terrestrial planets
16. retrograde rotation
17. greenhouse effect
STUDY GUIDE DUE FRIDAY!
Characteristics of the Outer Planets
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
1. What are the four outer planets? Label them on the picture below.
2. Why doesn’t the gas on a gas giant escape into space, as it has on Mercury?
3. What other object in the solar system has a composition similar to that of the gas giants?
4. Why are Neptune and Uranus blue?
5. What are Saturn’s rings made of? Name Saturn’s major moon here _______________________.
6. Why did astronomers know where to look to discover Neptune? In other words, how was Neptune
discovered by MATH??
7. Which planet rotates on its side? WHY??
8. What are the Galilean moons and name them.
9. Name Neptune’s major moon ________________________.
10. Name Uranus’ major moon ________________________.
STUDY GUIDE DUE FRIDAY!
Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors
Understanding Main Ideas Complete the following table.
Object
Description
Location/Movement
Asteroid
hh
Comet
Meteoroid
Answer the following questions.
1. Explain what happens to a meteoroid in order for it to become a meteorite.
2. Draw a comet and label these parts of a comet: nucleus, coma, tail.
3. Write one theory as to how the asteroid belt formed.
Building Vocabulary From the list below, choose the term that best completes each sentence.
asteroid
meteor
asteroid belt
meteoroid
comet
meteorite
4. When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere, friction causes it to burn up and produce a streak of light called a(n)
_______________ .
5. A chunk of ice and dust whose orbit is usually a long narrow ellipse is a(n) _______________.
6. If a meteoroid hits Earth’s surface, it is called a(n) _______________ .
7. An object that revolves around the sun, but is too small to be considered a planet, is a(n) _______________ .
8. A chunk of rock or dust in space that usually comes from a comet or an asteroid is called a(n) _______________ .
9. The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is known as the _______________.
STUDY GUIDE DUE FRIDAY!
Spin Cycles
Step 1: Read
Planets in our solar system are constantly moving. Each planet spins like a globe.
One complete spin is a rotation. Every planet also makes an orbit, or circle, around
the sun. The table below tells how long these movements take. Look over it
carefully.
Note: Measurements are in Earth hours, days, and years.
Planet
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Rotation Time
59 Days
243 Days
24 Hours
25 Hours
10 Hours
11 Hours
17 Hours
16 Hours
6 Days
Orbit Time
88 Days
225 Days
365 Days
687 Days
12 Years
29 Years
84 Years
165 Years
248 Years
Step 2: Use the table above to decide whether each statement below is true or false. CORRECT
THE FALSE ONES BY CHANGING THE UNDERLINED WORD!
1. _________ Pluto’s rotation takes less time than any other.
2. _________ Venus is the only planet whose rotation takes longer than its orbit.
3. _________ Mars and Earth take roughly the same time to complete a rotation.
4. _________ Mars and Earth take roughly the same time to complete an orbit.
5. _________ Saturn’s orbit takes about three times longer than Jupiter’s.
6. _________ Jupiter can do 20 orbits in less time than Pluto needs for just one.
7. _________ Pluto’s orbit takes longer than all of the other orbits combined.
8. _________ Venus’s rotation takes longer than all the other rotations combined.
9. _________ Four planets do a rotation in less than a single Earth day.
10. _________ Mercury completes about three rotations during each orbit.
TEST IS TUESDAY!
Assessment
Use the textbook or your journal to help you complete each question. For the
True/False, circle the correct answer (T or F). If the answer is False, circle False and
write the correct word.
1. Copernicus thought that the solar system was…
a. celestial.
b. elliptical.
c. geocentric.
d. heliocentric.
2. Planets with atmospheres composed mostly of carbon dioxide include…
a. Earth and Mercury. b. Venus and Mercury.
c. Venus and Mars.
3. The Great Red Spot is a huge storm on…
a. Jupiter.
b. Saturn.
4. Most asteroids orbit the sun between…
a. the sun and Mercury.
b. Earth and Mars.
c. Neptune.
d. Pluto.
c. Mars and Jupiter.
5. The shape of the orbit of each planet is a(n) circle. TRUE/FALSE
6. Sunspots are regions of cooler gases on the sun. TRUE/FALSE
d. Mercury and Mars.
d. Jupiter and Saturn.
Correct the false
ones!!!
7. The atmosphere of Venus has higher pressure than the atmosphere of Earth. TRUE/FALSE
8. Aside from the sun, Saturn is the largest source of gravity in the solar system. TRUE/FALSE
For these next set of questions, use a SEPARATE sheet of paper to answer
them on. You do NOT have to answer in complete sentences. DO NOT
SQUEEZE YOUR ANSWERS into the little space given!! Staple your paper
to the back of the study guide.
9. Where is Pluto located and why is he no longer a planet?
10. Venus is called Earth’s twin planet. Why? What do they have in common?
11. How do astronomers explain that Venus rotates in the opposite direction from most planets and
moons? What is the vocabulary word for that type of rotation?
12. Name at least TWO major ways that the inner/terrestrial planets differ from the gas giants?
13. Which way does a comet’s tail always point (away or towards the sun)? WHY??
14. How would Earth move if the sun (including its gravity) suddenly disappeared? Explain!!
15. Explain the Kuiper Belt. Where is it? What’s in it?
16. Compare short term and long term comets. What is Halley’s comet classified as?
TEST IS TUESDAY!
TEST IS TUESDAY!
TEST IS TUESDAY!