Download Triple Entente

“Peace Remains at the Mercy of an
Accident”
Triple Entente:
• 1894 - France allied with Russia
• 1904 – France allied with Britain
• 1907 – Anglo-Russian Entente
Triple Alliance:
• 1907 – Germany denounced Entente and
strengthened ties to Austria-Hungary
(allied since 1879), alliance with Italy
dated back to 1881
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
June 28, 1914
War in West
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/
• Schlieffen Plan
• First Battle of Marne
• Somme
• Stalemate
War in the East
• Aug 1914 – Japan joins Allies
• Nov 1914 – Allies declare war on Ottoman E.
• Spring 1915 - Austria unable to defeat Russia
and Serbia must be aided by Germany
• May 1915 – Italians break alliance, join Allies
• 1916 – Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Bulgaria
eliminate Serbia from the war
• 1917 – Lawrence of Arabia incites Arab
rebellion against Ottoman Turks
• 1918 – British forces in Egypt destroy
Ottoman Empire
Origins of Russian Revolution
• Suffering on home
front
• Unprepared Military
• Demoralizing losses:
1914 -1916, 2 million
soldiers killed, 4-6
million captured or
wounded
1917
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March 8 – “Peace and Bread”
March 10 – City-wide shut down
March 15 – Nicholas forced to abdicate
With “Peace, Land Bread” as his slogan,
Lenin gains power
• July 17 – Romanov Dynasty ends
• July onward, Bolsheviks rule Russia
V. Lenin, Bolshevik Leader
Romanov Family before their execution
during the Russian Revolution
1918
• New Communist Government signs BrestLitvosk Treaty to end the war with
Germany
• Gave up Eastern Poland, Ukraine,
Finland, Baltic Provinces
• 1918-1921 Civil War breaks out
– Red Army v. White Army
– Revolutionary Terror
April 1917 - US joins the War
• The Doughboys go “Over There” to protect
democracy and free trade
• http://www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthe
re.htm
• August 3, 1918 - Allies defeat the
Germans at the Second Battle of Marne
• November 11, 1918 - Armistice signed to
end hostilities
Highlights of Wilson’s Fourteen Points
• No secret diplomacy
• Reduction of national armaments to only
domestic safety
• Self-determination of people so that “all
well-defined national aspirations shall be
accorded utmost satisfaction”
• General Association of nations to
guarantee the political independence and
territorial integrity to great and small
nations
Treaty of Versailles
•
•
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“Dictated Peace”
War-Guilt Clause
Return of Alsace and Lorraine to France
Reparations
Demilitarization
Rhineland DMZ
Map redrawn to create new countries
Tubed pedicle
Antibiotics had not yet
been invented, meaning
it was very hard to graft
tissue from one part of
the body to another
because infection often
developed. But while
treating Able Seaman
Willie Vicarage, Gillies
invented the “tubed
pedicle”. This used a
flap of skin from the
chest or forehead and
“swung” it into place
over the face.
The flap remained
attached but was
stitched into a tube. This
kept the original blood
supply intact and
dramatically reduced
the infection rate.
William M Spreckley
THE AFTERMATH
Youth in Mourning, 1916
by Sir George Clausen