Download Circulatory System - Weekend Warrior CPR

Circulatory System
Heart Facts
The average adult heart beats 72 times a min
100,000 times a day
 3,600,000 times a year
 2.5 billion times during a lifetime.
Heart Facts
Weighs 11 oz
A healthy heart pumps 2,000
gallons of blood through 60,000
miles of blood vessels each day
Heart Facts
A kitchen faucet would need to be turned
on all the way for at least 45 years to equal
the amount of blood pumped by the heart
in an average lifetime
Heart Facts
The heart begins beating 4 weeks after
conception and does not stop until death
Heart Facts
 Newborns have about 1 cup of blood in circulation.
 Adults have about 4 to 5 quarts
The Circulatory System
Basic Functions
Basic Functions
1. Transports nutrients and waste.
 Arteries- pick up nutrients and deliver the
nutrients to each body cell.
 Capillaries- nutrient/waste exchange between
blood
 Veins- carry away waste products and excess
fluid of each body cell.
Basic Functions
2. Transports heat.
 Regulates heat by distributing heat generated
by muscles.
3. Transports oxygen to body cells
and carbon dioxide away from
body cells.
 Arteries carry oxygen to cells.
 Veins take carbon dioxide away from cells.
Basic Functions
4. Transports hormones
through the blood stream.
5. Transports antibodies.
 Through the blood stream to help the
body fight infection.
Structures of the
Circulatory System
Heart
Hollow organ
Pumps blood throughout the body
Four chambers
Major blood vessels
Four valves
The 4 Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium
Receives
unoxygenated
blood from the veins.
Right Ventricle
Receives blood from
right atrium and
pumps to
the lungs.
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated
blood
from the lungs and
pumps
it into the left ventricle.
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood into the
aorta, which will
transport
blood through the
body.
Major Blood Vessels in the Heart
 Superior Vena Cava-receives blood from upper body. Goes to right
atrium
 Inferior Vena Cava-receives blood from lower limbs. Goes to
atrium.
Major Blood Vessels in the Heart
 Pulmonary Arteries- receives deoxygenated blood from left
ventricle. Goes to lungs.
 Pulmonary Veins- carries oxygenated blooded from lungs to left
atrium
 Aorta- sends blood through rest of the body
Valves in the Heart
 Tricuspid Valve- between right atrium & ventricles
 Pulmonary Valve- between right ventricle & pulmonary
artery
 Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve- between left atrium and ventricle
 Aortic Valve- between left ventricle & aorta
10.
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Blood flow through the Heart
 Superior & Inferior Vena
Cava
 Right Atrium
 Tricuspid Valve
 Right Ventricle
 Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
 Pulmonary Arteries
 Lungs
 Pulmonary Veins
 Left Atrium
 Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
 Left Ventricle
 Aortic Semilunar Valve
 Aorta
Blood
 Provides vital transportation for the body
 Four components
 Red blood cells (transport oxygen & nutrients)
 White blood cells (protect against against infection)
 Platelets (start clotting process)
 Plasma (liquid of blood)
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Anemia
Heart Attack
High Blood Pressure
Atherosclerosis
Diseases and Disorders
Anemia
 Definition:
Blood disorder where capacity of the blood to transport oxygen is
decreased.
 Usually red blood cell count is diminished.
Anemia
 Causes:
 Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies, decreased RBC production, increase
in RBC destruction by spleen
 Symptoms:
 Fatigue, chest pain, skin paler, increased heart rate, difficulty breathing
Anemia
 Treatment
 Iron supplements, vitamin supplements, blood transfusions, and
erythropoietin (hormone tells bone marrow to make more red blood
cells).
Heart Attack
Definition: Coronary artery or a branch of the
coronary artery is blocked.
 Symptoms:
 Chest pain
 Crushing pressure
 Chest pain
 Shoulder or left arm pain
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Difficulty breathing
Heart Attack
 Treatment
 Oxygen
 Nitroglycerin
 pain medications,
 blood thinning medications
Hypertension
 Definition: (high blood pressure) force of blood pushing
against artery walls
 Cause: narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup
Hypertension
 Symptoms:
 No major signs or symptoms
 Headaches
 Treatments:
 Medication
 Low salt diet
 Exercise
Atherosclerosis
 Definition: hardening of the arteries. Silently and
slowly blocks blood flow.
 Causes: Plaque builds up and arteries lose their
elasticity.
 End Result: Arteries cannot contract and expand.
Decrease in blood flow.
Atherosclerosis
 Symptoms:
may include chest pain, fainting, pain, and numbness or tingling.
 Treatment:
 Medications
 Diet to reduce fats and cholesterol levels
 Exercise and weight loss
Arrhythmia
 Definition: an irregular heart beat.
 Fast, slow, uneven beat
 Causes: Alcohol, drugs, smoking, stress, hypertension, etc
Angina
 Definition: heart pain due to narrowed arteries.
MAJOR WARNING SIGN
Cardiac arrest
 Definition: heart stops completely “clinical death” (0-4 mins)
 Treatment: CPR, defibrillator (AED).
Risk Factors
CONTROLLABLE
 Smoking
 Drugs
 Obesity (abdominal fat)
 Stress (increases blood pressure)
 Lack of exercise
 Diet (less fat & salt. More nutrients)
 Excessive Consumption of Alcohol
 More than 1 drink for women. More then 2 drinks for men
Risk Factors
UNCONTROLLABLE
 Gender (men more likely)
 Older Age
 Family History
 Race (Black, Indians, & Mexicans)
Treatment
Thrombolysis
 Definition: a treatment to dissolve dangerous
clots in blood vessel.
Angioplasty
 Definition: procedure that pushes plaque against
the arterial wall, widening the artery and restores
blood flow.
Bypass Surgery
 Definition: taking arteries/veins from other parts of the body to
create new passages for blood. Rerouting around clogged
artery.
Cardiomyoplasty
 Skeletal muscles are taken from back or abdomen and they're
wrapped around an ailing heart.
 This added muscle, aided by ongoing stimulation from a device
similar to a pacemaker, may boost the heart's pumping motion.
Atherectomy
 Similar to angioplasty except that the catheter
has a rotating shaver on its tip to cut away
plaque from the artery
Heart transplant
 Removes a diseased heart and replaces it with a
healthy human heart when a heart is irreversibly
damaged. Uses hearts from organ donation.