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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM NAME _____________________________ Period ______ Date _________________ <Notes #1- Respiration and Excretion> _____________________________________- the process in which OXYGEN combines with GLUCOSE to release ENERGY for life activities. ****this occurs in the _______________________________ of every cell in your body!! C6H12O6 + O2 Energy (ATP) + H20 + CO2 environment The oxygen needed for this process comes from the organism’s ______________________ while the CO2 must be released back into the environment. ALL organisms, these gases MUST DIFFUSE through a_________________________! In _________ ______________________________- a system of organs used to exchange the O2 and _________. CO2 “respiratory gases”---_______ gills lungs Most water animals (fish, lobster, etc.) breathe with ________ while land vertebrates use ________. 1._____________________________ 2._____________________________ 3._____________________________ 4._____________________________ 5._____________________________ 6._____________________________ 7._____________________________ 8._____________________________ 9._____________________________ 10.____________________________ 11.____________________________ 12.____________________________ 13.____________________________ Air comes into your body through the.... ____________________-they are lined with mucus and tiny hairs. Nostrils Nasal Cavity _____________________-air is CLEANED, WARMED and MOISTENED here with the mucus, etc. Pharynx _____________________the “throat” Epiglottis __________________-flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the lungs ____________Larynx the “voice box”- is located at the top of the trachea (The _______________ are leathery, flexible sheets that vibrate causing sound.) Trachea _________________the “wind pipe”- large, 2.5 cm hollow tube, supported by rings of CARTILAGE. Bronchi ________________two tubes, similar in structure, that lead into the lungs Bronchial Tubes ________________________- carry air from bronchi to bronchioles _________________Bronchioles smallest air tubes, lead to alveoli, have no cartilage, are about one mm in diameter. Alveoli ________________- small, moist, thin walled pouches***The alveoli are where the lungs do their “work” which is to EXCHANGE O2 AND CO2 BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE LUNGS !!!!! There are _______________________ alveoli. They look like clusters of grapes. If your lungs were spread out into a thin sheet, it would cover an tennis court area the size of a ___________________ ! AIR EXCHANGE THROUGH THE ALVEOLI---- OXYGEN CROSSES THE ALVEOLUS’ ______________________________ TO PASS INTO THE CAPILLARY AND ENTER THE BLOODSTREAM. The two boxes are the same size; however, one is completely hollow and the other is not. If you had to paint the inside of the boxes, which one would require more paint? (Hint- which one has the greater SURFACE AREA???) ____________ The alveoli add _____________________________ to the lungs to increase the amount of ________ that can be absorbed. ______________ ______________________________- the process of taking air INTO and OUT of the lungs. **BREATHING and RESPIRATION are ____________ the same... breathing takes place in the ____________ while respiration takes place in the mitochondria in the ________ all over your body!! You usually breathe _________ times a minute. You take in about ____________ liters of air with each breath. The ribs and the diaphragm help you breathe... ___________________________- a strong sheet of muscle that forms the floor of the chest cavity. _______________- air moves INTO the lungs. _______________- air LEAVING the lungs. inhale When you _____________ the RIBS move up and out the DIAPHRAGM moves downward. exhale When you ____________ the RIBS move inward the DIAPHRAGM moves upward. Even after you forcibly exhale, there is still AIR in your lungs called __________________________________. warm 1. This air is __________________ and helps to warm the incoming air quickly. collapsing 2. This air prevents the lungs from _____________________________. Your lungs are made up of ________________________________ NOT muscle !! Therefore inflated they cannot move on their own. When the lungs are _________________ with air they are like a blown-up balloon. When you exhale it is like a deflated balloon.