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Oh, Say Can You See…
The War of 1812
1812-1815
The United States
Words to Know…
impressment – forcing service
dubious – doubtful
expansionism – desire to make a nation
larger
grievance – a formal complaint
blockade – naval effort to stop trade
frigate – a small, fast warship
privateer – a pirate flying a national flag
repulsed – turned back
Causes of the War of 1812
• British trade policy
– Growth of the U.S. Merchant fleet
– Desire to keep U.S. trade away from France
• British impressment of American sailors
– Britain could not man its rapidly increasing fleet
– Many of the 11,000 U.S. sailors were of dubious background
• Indian Raids
– British policy was to create an Indian “buffer state” to contain America
– Raiding Indians were in conflict with American settlers
• American expansionism
– The U.S. population was growing, built upon the promise of free land.
– Some of the best lands were just outside U.S. borders.
The Declaration of War
June 1, 1812 – Madison sends list of
grievances against the British
War Hawks – Congressmen who want war
with Britain, and believe they will win
Federalists – Did not want the war;
believed it could not be won. They called it
“Mr. Madison’s War”
Madison signs the formal declaration on
June 18, 1812.
1812-3: The years of defeat
Fort Mackinac
Fort Detroit
Fort Dearborn
Lake Erie
Chateauguay River
Blockade on
American ports
Frigate USS
Constitution
launches raids
Washington D.C. & Baltimore
August 24, 1814
British land near the new District of Columbia,
sweep aside militia, and burn whatever they can
burn.
ikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger%2C_1814-1815_-_Crop.jpg/800px-The_President%27s_House_by_George_Munger%2C_1814-1815_-_Cr
Washington D.C. & Baltimore
August 24, 1814
British land and try to quickly attack Baltimore.
15,000 militia are fortified and repulse the
British.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Ft._Henry_bombardement_1814.jpg
“O, Say Can You See?”
September 14, 1814
Francis Scott Key is negotiating the release of his
good friend, William Beanes. As he watches the
bombardment from a British ship, he is moved to
write the poem “The Defense of Fort McHenry.”
http://jonspach.com/jonspach/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Francis-Scott-Key.jpg
http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmah/images/banner.jpg
Star Spangled Banner
• Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last
gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thru the perilous
fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly
streaming?
And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.
O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xg0Vfctbeag
Battle of New Orleans
January 8, 1815
Six weeks after the Treaty of Ghent (ending the
war) British troops attacked and were repulsed
by Andrew Jackson at New Orleans, with heavy
losses. This made Jackson a hero in America.
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-americanhistory/Battle%20of%20New%20Orleans-500.jpg
“Our Country, Right or Wrong”
A Tribute to the Life of Stephen Decatur
1798 – Son of a
Revolutionary War
privateer captain,
SD joined the
American navy
1804 – SD burns the
American frigate,
Philadelphia, to
keep it from use
by the Barbary
pirates.
http://b5media_b4.s3.amazonaws.com/28/files/2007/11/stephen-decatur.jpg
“Our Country, Right or Wrong”
A Tribute to the Life of Stephen Decatur
1805 – SD captures
two pirate ships
hand to hand.
1812 – SD captures
the British frigate
Macedonian with
the USS United
States
1815 – SD loses the
USS President to
the British
http://www.us-coin-values-advisor.com/images/Decatur-Boarding-Tripolitan-vessel.jpg
“Our Country, Right or Wrong”
A Tribute to the Life of Stephen Decatur
1815 – In a toast,
SD said, “Our
country! In her
intercourse with
foreign nations,
may she always
be in the right. But
our country, right
or wrong!”
1820 – Dies in a
duel with another
American officer
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Commodore_Stephen_Decatur_(118102136).jpg