Download Print › Chapter 20: Girding for War: The North and the South (1861

Chapter 20: Girding for War: The North and the South
(1861-1865)
Study online at quizlet.com/_ce4p6
"a rich man's
war but a poor
man's fight"
slogan to describe Civil War; rich men stood
to lose everything they had if slavery were
ended; a poor man though stood to gain very
little if they won; but the law made it
possible for a man to buy his way out of
military service
2.
"Billy Yank"
nickname for average Northern/Union
soldier
3.
"bounty boys"
slippery Northern men who collected fees for
enlisting in the Union Army and then
deserted
"bounty
brokers"
those who enticed people to enlist in the
army by giving them a bonus sum of money
"fifty-niners"
nickname given to the men who rushed to
Pennsylvania once oil was discovered there
"government
girls"
women who worked in the Treasury and
War Departments as well as the post office
during the war to fill the positions left by
men in the North
1.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
"Johnny Reb"
nickname for a typical Confederate soldier
"shoddy
millionnaires"
scornful term for northern manufacturers
who made quick fortunes out of selling
cheaply made shoes and other inadequate
goods to the us army
"ThreeHundred
Dollar Men"
men who paid a three hundred dollar fine or
hired someone to fight in their place in the
draft
Advantages
for the North
had a huge economy, many more men
available to fight, and it controlled the sea
Advantages
for the South
only had to fight to a draw to win, since all it
had to do was keep them from invading and
taking over all of its territory; had the most
talented officers and most had been trained
in a military-style upbringing; any top young
men attended military schools like West
Point, The Citadel, or VMI
Archduke
Maximilian
Border States
Napoleon III of France also installed a
puppet government in Mexico City, putting
this man as emperor of Mexico; after the
war, the U.S. threatened violence, and
Napoleon left this man at the hands of a
Mexican firing squad
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland were crucial
for both sides, as they would have almost
doubled the manufacturing capacity of the
South and increased its supply of horses and
mules by half
Charles
Francis
Adams
American envoy whose shrewd diplomacy
helped keep Britain neutral during the Civil
War; persuaded Britain not to build any
more ships for the Confederacy, since they
might someday be used against England
15.
Clara Barton
nurse during the Civil War; started the
American Red Cross
16.
CSS Alabama
British warship used to aid the Confederates
by looting and sinking many Union vessels;
never sailed into a Confederate base, thus
using a loophole to help the South
Disadvantages
for the North
its officers weren't as well-trained as some
on the opposing side
Disadvantages
for the South
handicapped by a shortage of factories and
manufacturing plants; found itself with a
shortage of shoes, uniforms, blankets,
clothing, and food, which didn't reach
soldiers due to supply problems
Dominion of
Canada
The loose confederation of Ontario, Quebec,
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, created by
the British North America Act in 1867 to
help a group of British subjects defend
themselves against the U.S
Dorthea Dix
tireless reformer, who worked mightily to
improve the treatment of the mentally ill;
appointed superintendant of women nurses
for the Union forces
Dr. Elizabeth
Blackwell
America's first female physician; helped
organize the U.S. Sanitary commission to
assist the Union armies in the field;
commission work helped many women
acquire the skills and self-confidence that
would propel the women's rights movement
after the war
Draft Riots
were a series of violent disturbances in New
York City in 1863 that were the culmination
of discontent with new laws passed by
Congress to draft men to fight in the
ongoing American Civil War
Economic
Impact of War
on North
emerged from the Civil War more prosperous
than before, since new factories had been
formed and a millionaire class was born for
the first time in history
Economic
Impact of War
on South
ruined by the war, as transportation
collapsed and supplies of everything became
scarce, and by the end of the war, they
claimed only 12% of the national wealth as
opposed to 30% before the war; per capita
income was greatly decreased
14.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
European
Attitude toward
South
Fort Sumter
they wanted the Union to be split (which
would strengthen their nation, relatively
speaking) but their people were pro-North
and anti-slavery; Europe needed the
North's crops & not the South's, so
helping the South would cut off the
North's supply that these countries
needed
site of the opening engagement of the
Civil War; on April 12, 1861, the
Confederate Army began bombarding the
fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861;
Congress declared war on the
Confederacy the next day
Jay Cooke and
Company
private banking house that the Treasury
forced to market its bonds; it got 3/8 of
1%; later went bankrupt
King Cotton
term used to describe the dominance of
the South's cash crop on politics,
agriculture, and society prior to the Civil
War in the Ante-Bellum South
King Wheat &
King Corn
Lincoln's
Cabinet
Lincoln's Initial
Reason for War
Lincoln's
Unconstitutional
Acts
Lincoln's View
on Secession
these crops were significant to the North;
during the Civil War, the North was
blessed with great weather & produced
bountiful crops when the British suffered
a series of bad harvests & so they were
forced to import huge quantities of grain
from America - if the British had broken
the blockade to get cotton, they would
have would have cut off this precious
granary
composed of his major rivals for the
Republican nomination for President in
1860; William Seward as Sec. of State for
the whole term
in order to hold the remaining Border
States, Lincoln repeatedly said that the
war was to save the Union, not free the
slaves, since a war for the slaves' freedom
would have lost the Border States
increased size of standing army without
legislative authority, imprisoned 13,000
people, defied supreme court b/c
suspended the write of habeus corpus;
justified his actions by saying that such
acts weren't permanent, and that he had
to do those things in order to preserve the
Union
he marked restoration of the union as his
top goal, and offered doubts about it
splitting; stated that geographically, the
United States could not be split (which
was true)
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Morrill
Tariff Act
passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of
the war; raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to
10 percent however later needed to increase to
meet the demanding cost of the war; raked in
millions of dollars
National
Banking
Act
established a system of national charters for
banks; along with Abraham Lincoln's issuance
of "greenbacks," raised money for the federal
government in the American Civil War by
enticing banks to buy federal bonds and taxed
state bonds out of existence
National
Banking
System
authorized by Congress in 1863 to establish a
standard bank currency; banks that joined the
system could buy bonds and issue paper money;
first significant step toward a national bank
North
Finance
during the
War
passed the Morrill Tariff Act; Federal Treasury
netted $2.6 billion in the sale of bonds;
greenbacks issued for the first time (not very
successful at first)
Robert E.
Lee
a top graduate of West Point & was an
exceptional soldier in the U.S. Army for thirtytwo years; Confederate general who had
opposed secession but did not believe the Union
should be held together by force
Sally
Thompkins
a Confederate women who founded small
hospitals and clinics in the South; called the
Clara Barton of the South
Southern
Unity
the problem was that it gave states the ability to
secede in the future, and getting these states to
send troops to help other states was always
difficult to do; national power was weak;
Jefferson Davis was never really popular
Thomas
Jackson
nicknamed "Stonewall" at the battle of first Bull
Run for standing courageously against union
fire; was a confederate general who was known
for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches
bold flanking movements and furious assaults;
his own men accidently mortally wounded him
Trent
Affair
Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to
Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for
recognition in 1861; Union ship captured both
men and took them to Boston as prisoners;
British were angry and Lincoln ordered their
release
Ulysses S.
Grant
an American general and the eighteenth
President of the United States; achieved
international fame as the leading Union general
in the American Civil War; defeated Lee