Download RENAISSANCE

Metamorphoses
1400 –1600
1.8.2016 – 27.11.2016
EUROPE
R N
FODRE
IL ND ES
H
C A ILI
M
FA
IN
THE
RENAISSANCE
JOURNEY
THROUGH
EUROPE
EXPLORING THE INVENTIONS, DISCOVERIES
AND INNOVATIONS OF THE RENAISSANCE
– IN THE PERIOD FROM 1400 TO 1600.
THIS BOOKLET BELONGS TO …
FOLLOW THE TELESCOPE ICON
AND EXPLORE THE WORLD OF
THE RENAISSANCE …
The world-changing discoveries
and pioneering inventions of
yesterday are taken for granted
today. On your journey through
the exhibition you will encounter some of the brilliant innovations of the Renaissance.
‘R
What does
e’ mean?
What tricks did Renaissance
painters use?
n of
entio
v
n
i
e
as th
ng so
W hy w e s s p r i n t i
r
p
l e t te r n t ?
r ta
o
p
im
What did expl
orers take
with them on
their travels?
enaissanc
IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF
THE ROMANS AND GREEKS
The word Renaissance means
‘rebirth’ – the rebirth of Antiquity.
For more than 500 years people
have been creating buildings
based on Greek and Roman
­models. Some of these ­buildings
can be recognized by their
­columns.
als at
e capit
Draw th the columns.
of
t h e to p
What groundbreaking
­ iscoveries were made
d
about the universe?
Where did the
come from?
potato
How did
d o c to rs
acquire
insight
s into
the hum
an bod
y?
it easier for
What made
make
scientists to
rvations?
se
b
o
accurate
What regulated ­people’s
daily lives during the
Renaissance?
The answers to all these questions
can be found in the booklet.
Doric columns are
very simple and
without decoration.
Ionic columns have
scroll-shaped
volutes at the top.
Corinthian columns
are elaborately
decorated.
The artists of the Renaissance
discovered how to paint in a
more realistic manner. The new
technique was perspective,
which involved the use of vanishing lines to help the painter make
properly proportioned drawings.
Continue drawing the arches and
windows. The original painting
can be seen in the exhibition.
Make use of the vanishing lines
as the Renaissance painters
would have done.
6
This visual trick is based on
mathematical principles.
Nowadays, drawings of figures
and spaces are created with
the help of computer programs.
!
THE TRICK OF
PERSPECTIVE
ination of knowledge. The
­discovery had an impact that is
comparable to that of the Internet and digital media today.
The printing press was one of the
most important inventions of
all time. It enabled books to be
produced faster and cheaper,
and it accelerated the dissem­
Five hundred years ago a book
was made as follows: Put the
sentences in the correct order in
order to find the missing words.
The type was cast from metal.
IN
The typesetter set the text.
TE
The pages were bound into a
book at the bookbinder’s.
INK
Paper was produced in
paper mills.
THE INVENTION
OF LETTERPRESS
8PRINTING
PR
The pages were printed using
a printing press.
RS’
P
R
10GET POSING!
This portrait by the Renaissance
painter Tobias Stimmer is considered to be the oldest surviving
self-portrait of an artist at work.
The realism of Renaissance
­portraits can be attributed to the
use of oil paint, which emphasises light and shadow, and the
precise attention to detail.
People still enjoy striking poses
today – and taking selfies.
Follow Tobias Stimmer’s example
and draw a portrait of yourself.
Look at yourself closely in the
mirror.
!
The first circumnavigation of
the Earth nearly 500 years ago
proved once and for all that the
Earth was round. The journey
AROUND
THE WORLD
took several years back then,
but can now be completed in two
days or less by aeroplane.
What would one have needed on
a journey around the world at
that time? All these objects (or
pictures of them) can be found
in the exhibition.
I always point
to the north.
I am a flat representation
of the Earth’s surface.
I map both the Earth
and the heavens.
I am needed to draw
maps precisely.
I am an instrument
used to make distant
objects appear larger.
L
I can indicate the date,
the time and the position
of the stars.
12
My shadow indicates
what time it is.
His crew was the first to circumnavigate the Earth:
L
NEW
WORLDS
The (re-)discovery of the Americas 500 years ago resulted in
previously unknown plants –
­including the potato – being
introduced into Europe. Match the beginnings and the ends of the sentences.
People used
to eat only tatoes a
The amount of po
is
ts
Swiss person ea
Today the
re are
The word for Kartoffelstock (‘mashed potatoes’)
in Einsiedeln is
14
Today, we consume this wonderful root vegetable on an almost
daily basis.
Potatoes are so
metimes called
Erdäpfel (‘ear th
apples’) in
German becaus
e
the tubers grow in the ear th.
3,000 varie
ties of pota
to.
the l
t h e p o e ave s of
t a to p
lant .
a ro u n d
45 kg p
e r ye a r
.
Gummelstunggis
.
WHAT IS AT THE
CENTRE?
Up until the Renaissance p
­ eople
believed that the Earth was
the centre of the universe. Since
then it has been understood
that the Earth and the planets
revolve around the sun.
Nowadays, new celestial bodies
and solar systems are being
discovered all the time thanks
to the development of new telescopes and supercomputers.
Match the words on the left
with the lists on the right.
Solar system
Milky Way
16
Universe
Sun, 8 planets, 100 moons,
thousands of comets,
millions of asteroids
Billions of stars, gas, dust,
empty space
Planets, stars, galaxies,
space, time
LOOK
CAREFULLY!
Careful observation was very
important for scientists of the
Renaissance. The first telescope
was developed by spectacle
makers. The invention enabled
Galileo Galilei to discover the
moons of Jupiter and observe
craters on the Earth’s moon.
Be like a Renaissance scientist: look carefully at the origin­
al painting on the wall and
find 10 differences between it
and the picture in the booklet.
INSIGHTS INTO
THE BODY
Doctors began dissecting the
human body during the Renaissance in order to get a better
understanding of its inner work-
ings. The knowledge they gained
still forms the basis for oper­
ations that are performed today.
Name these organs.
I
G
R
M
V
18
N
Renaissance rulers wanted
to extend their power and win
wars. They employed mathemat­
icians, engineers and inventors
at their courts. New developments in the field of mechanics
resulted in cannons that were
What sort of machine would you
invent? Do a drawing of it and
give it a name.
more accurate. Innovations also
affected people’s everyday lives.
For example, people’s daily
routines began to be regulated
by church clocks. Today,
­machines and robots make our
everyday lives easier.
!
DON’T PANIC
ABOUT
MECHANICS!
SOLUTIONS
Doric columns are very
simple and without
decoration.
Ionic columns have
scroll-shaped volutes
at the top.
Corinthian columns are
elaborately decorated.
PRINTERS’ INK
Compass
Map
Globe
Ruler
Telescope
Astrolabe
Sundial
MAGELLAN
People used to eat only
" the leaves of the plant.
The amount of potatoes a
Swiss person eats is
" around 45 kg per year.
Today there are
" 3,000 varieties of potato.
The word for Kartoffelstock
(‘mashed potatoes’) in
­Einsiedeln is
" Gummelstunggis.
Potatoes are sometimes
called Erdäpfel (‘earth ­apples’)
in German because
" the tubers grow in the
earth.
UNIVERSE: The universe is
made of almost everything
that exists: planets, stars,
galaxies, space and time.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
CONTENT
0 Andrea Benincasa, Portolankarte. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Sign.
Borg.Carte.naut.VIII.
EDUCATION & MEDIATION
Stefanie Bittmann, Magdalena Rühl,
Prisca Senn
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Bill Gilonis
PROOFREADING
Rebecca Sanders
GESTALTUNG UND ILLUSTRATION
Mirabella-Morganti: Rebecca MorgantiPfaffhauser, Daniela Mirabella
ILLUSTRATION FOR TASK 8
Pasquale Pollastro
1 Herman Posthumus (um 1512/14–vor 1588), Landschaft mit römischen
Ruinen, Rom, 1536. Öl auf Leinwand. LIECHTENSTEIN. The Princely Collections, Vaduz-Vienna.
EXHIBITION
SOLAR SYSTEM: The force of
gravity holds together eight
planets, over 100 moons and
even more lumps of rock (asteroids) and ice (comets).
MILKY WAY: The Milky Way is
made up of billions of stars,
gas, dust and empty space.
CREDITS
BRAIN
HEART
LUNG
LIVER
STOMACH
INTESTINES
OVERALL MANAGEMENT
Andreas Spillmann
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Denise Tonella
CURATORS
Bernd Roeck, Denise Tonella
SCENOGRAPHY
Alex Harb
RESEARCH ASSISTANCE
Jose Cácheres Mardones, Elisa Monaco
TRAINEE
Carole Ackermann
All rights reserved.
© Swiss National Museum
2 Visualisierung der Ausstellungsszenografie «Europa in der Renaissance».
Sektion III, Bühne der Renaissance. ©Schweizerisches Nationalmuseum.
Francesco d’Antonio (geb. um 1393/94), Christus heilt ein epileptisches
Kind und Der Verrat von Judas, Florenz, um 1425/26, Tempera und Gold
auf Leinwand. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, John G. Johnson
Collection, 1917.
3 J. W. Alker / imageBROKER / OKAPIA
Buch Josua, aus: Biblia Latina, Fragment aus der Gutenberg-Bibel, Mainz:
Johannes Gutenberg und Johannes Fust, um 1454/55. Dr. Jörn Günther
Antiquariat, Basel / Stalden.
4 Siegfried Kuttig
Tobias Stimmer (1539–1584), Selbstbildnis, Schaffhausen (?), um 1563.
Kreide, Tusche und Aquarell. Museum zu Allerheiligen, Schaffhausen. Peyersche Tobias Stimmer-Stiftung. Beschriftet links: «Tobias Stimer /
von Schaff- / haußen».
5 www.bridgemanart.com
Unbekannter Künstler, Erd- und Himmelsglobus, sogenannter St. Galler
Globus, Augsburg (?), zwischen 1571 und 1584. Kugel: Ölmalerei auf Gipsgrund über Papiermachee auf Schindelholz, Gestell: Holz, teilweise bemalt.
Schweizerisches Nationalmuseum, Zürich, Depositum der Zentralbibliothek Zürich.
6 © Klaphake / teamwork
Lopo Homem (vor 1497–nach 1572), Weltkarte, Lissabon, 1554. Pergamentblätter. Museo Galileo – Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florenz.
7 Astrofoto / Numazawa
Nikolaus Kopernikus (1473–1543), De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
libri VI, Nürnberg: Johannes Petreius, 1543. ETH-Bibliothek, Zürich.
8 Ludger tom Ring d. Ä. (1496–1547), Der Dichter Vergil, Münster, um 1538.
Öl auf Eichenholz. LWL-Museum für Kunst und Kultur, Münster. Dauerleihgabe der Gesellschaft zur Förderung der westfälischen Kulturarbeit e. V.
9 Reinhard Eisele / project photos
Zahnzange, Süddeutschland (?), 16./17. Jh. Stahl, geschmiedet. Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nürnberg.
10 StockTrek Images / fotofinder.com
Niccolò Tartaglia (1499/1500–1557), Quesiti et inventioni diverse de Nicolo
Tartaglia, Venedig: Bescarini, 1554. ETH-Bibliothek, Zürich. Landesmuseum Zürich
www.landesmuseum.ch