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ENERGY
Key Terms Chapter 5
Pages M144-M169
Write down the definition of each word in the space provided
1. energy
2. kinetic energy
3. potential energy
4. gravitational potential energy
5. elastic potential energy
6. mechanical energy
7. thermal energy
8. electrical energy
9. chemical energy
10. nuclear energy
11. electromagnetic energy
12. energy transformation
13. Law of Conservation of Energy
14. fossil fuel
Period:
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Name
Energy
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Class
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Energy
Guided Reading and Study
What Is Ene;'gy?
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(YI ISO
This section explains how work, power, and eI1ergy are related. It also identifies the
two basic kinds of energJJ.
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•
Date
Preview the figure and headings in the section before you read. Record what you
already know il1 the graphic organizer. After you have completed the section, write
several things you have learned about energy ill the graphic organizer.
What You Know
Class
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Guided Reading and Study
1',-
What Is Energy). (continued)
"
Kinetic Energy
4. What are the two general kinds of energy?
a.
Use Target Reading Skills
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b.
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5. What is kinetic energy?
.~
6. The kinetic energy of an object depends on both its
________________
andits
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7. Kinetic energy increases as velocity
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8. What formula do you use to calculate kinetic energy?
9. Because velocity is squared in the kinetic energy equation, doubling
object's velocity will
its kinetic energy.
Potential
an
Energy
10. What is potential energy?
,y1/
i(i~
11. What is the potential energy called that is associated with objects that
can be stretched or compressed?
12. What is potential energy called that depends on height?
13. What is the formula you use to determine the gravitational
energy of an object?
potential
Energy, Work, and Power
1. The ability to do work or cause change is called
14. Is.the following sentence true or false? The greater the height of an
object, the ~eater its gravitational potential energy.
2. Why can work be thought of as the transfer of energy?
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3. What is power?
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Class
Forms of Energy
Energy
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Date'
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Class
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Guided Reading and Study
Forms of Energy
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C'>
(continued)
Other Forms of Energy
Use Target Reading Skills
4. Is the following sentence true or false? When the particles of an object
move faster, its thermal energy increases '
After you read this section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key
Terms. Use all the information you have leamed to write a defillitioll a each Key
~m il1lfour own words. Be sure YOllr definition could be use to explain the term
to someone who has not read the section.
mechanical
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Guided Reading and Study
Energy
if1\
,\,.
Name
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5. What kind of energy do you experience when you get a shock from a
metal doorknob?
energy
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6. What kind of energy is stored in the bonds in compounds
you eat?
thermal energy
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7. What kind of energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom?
8. Complete
electrical energy
of the good
»
the table below on the different forms of energy
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Different Forms of Energy
Form of Energy
chelllicalenergy
(
((I
Mechanical
electromagnetic
.r.,..
Examples
_
energy
_
Energy
Thermal en._~rgy
Chemical energy
nuclearenergy
___
Electrical energy
Nuclear energy
Mechanical
Energy
I
1. What two forms of energy are associated with mechanical energy?
Electromagnetic
energy
I
2. How would you calculate an object's mechanical
energy?
3. What 51 unit is used to measure mechanical energy?
L
© Pemson Educonon, lnc, publilhing
© PoolSOn Eduronon, In(., pu~ishing os Poorson Prentice Hall. All rights reselVed.
01
Pearson Prennce Hall. All righ~ reselVed.
309
310
~ame
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Date
Energy
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Class
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~ame
Guided Reading and Study
Energy Transformations and Conservation
() (a
This section explains how different fonns of energy are related and describes the law
of conservation of energy.
p. m
Use Target Reading Skills
,~-S- rnllo3
Energy
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Date
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Class
Guided Reading and Study
Transformations
Between Potential
and Kinetic Energy
4. When you throw an orange up into the air, what kind of energy increases
as its height increases?
_
5. As an orange falls from its greatest height, what kind of energy increases
and what kind of energy decreases?
Before you read, preview the red headings for an overview of the section content. Ask
a what or a how question for each heading. As you read the material under each
heading, find the answer to your question and record it in the graphic organizer.
Energy Transformations
Question
6. On the diagram of a moving pendulum, label the places where the
pendulum has maximum potential energy and where it has maximum
kinetic energy.
Answer
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Energy Transformations
1. A change from one form of energy to another is called a(n)
2. Is the following
sentence true or false? Most forms of energy can be
converted into other forms.
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3. Describe the conversion
your bOdy_
of chemical energy to mechanical energy in
Conservation
of Energy
7. What does the law of conservation
.,
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318
_; I:;
•
of energy state?
© Pearson EdU(atian, Inc., publishing us Pearson Prentice Hall.All rights reserved.
319
_
Nrume
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Energy
Date
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Class
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Energy Transformations and Conservation
(continued)
8. Friction converts mechanical energy to
energy.
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9. Circle the letter of the sentence that explains why no machine is 100
percent efficient.
a.
b.
c.
d.
II
Nrume
II!
Energy
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• Guided Reading and Study
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Date
Class
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• Review and Reinforce
Energy Transformations
and Conservation
Unders",nding
Main Ideas
e
Electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy by fuel.
Mechanical energy is converted to thermal energy by friction.
Thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy by friction.
Mechanical energy is conVerted to electrical energy by a spark.
10. How did Albert Einstein's theory of relativity change the law of
conservation of energy?
~
Study the illustration aboveand then read thefollowing statements. If the statement
is true, write true, If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the
statement true,
.
11. Is the following sentence true or false? Matter can sometimes be
convertedtoenergy.
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_________________
e
1. An energy transformation
>,
is occurring ~
~,
.
2. In this example, the law of conservation of
energy says that the ball neyer loses kinetic
_______________
.
~,
_________
3. As the ball rises from point 1 to point 3, it ~
______ --:-
4. The ball has the most potential
________
S. The ball has the most kinetic energy at~.
Jimm.
energy at~.
Building Vocabulary
Write a definition for each of thefollawing terms on the lines below.
6. energy transformation
7. law of conservation
of energy
8. matter
1,,"
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© Penson fduco~on, Inc., publishing us Peerson Pren~" Holi. Allngh"
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Name
Energy
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Review and Reinforce
Date
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Qt9Q. d C hQpi
Energy and Fossil Fuels
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p.
Class -----
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Se ci- t 8lf\- L/
iu. - m I ~q
Understanding Main Ideas
~
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Study the illustration above, and then answer the questions on a separate piece of
paper.
1. Explain what type of energy conversion takes place at point A.
2. What type of energy is converted into chemical energy by ancient plants
and animals at point B?
3. The coal at point C is an example of what type of fuel? Give another
example of this type of fuel.
4. How is the stored chemical energy converted into thermal energy at
point D?
5. What type of energy does the steam in the power plant at point E have?
What type of energy do the turbines have when they turn?
6. Explain what type of energy conversion takes place at the generators at
point F.
7. Give an example of how electrical energy can be converted to another
form of energy in your home.
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Your home
Name
Energy
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_ Class
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• Key Terms
KeyTerms
Complete the following paragraphs using the list of words and phrases below. Each
word or phrase is used only once.
Word Bank
law of conservation
of energy
thermal energy
nuclear energy
fossil fuels
energy transformation
electromagnetic
electrical energy
mechanical energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
energy
power
energy
chemical energy
In nature, things are constantly changing, and the identification
is important
of what causes changes
in physical science. The ability to do work or cause change is called
___________
. There are two general kinds of energy. The energy of
1
motion is called
. Energy that is stored and held in readiness
2
is called
__
3
There are different forms of the two general kinds of energy. The energy associated
with the motion or position of an object is called
. The total
4
energy of the particles of an object is called
5
energy stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds
___________
___________
___________
. The potential
together is called
. The energy that moving electric charges carry is called
6
. Visible light and other waves of energy are forms of
7
. The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is
8
9
Most forms of energy can be converted into other forms. A change from one form
of energy to another is called
. Such changes from one form
10
of energy to another do not mean any energy is lost. The
_
11
states that when one form of energy is converted to another, no energy is destroyed in
the process.
A fuel is a material that stores chemical potential energy. For many purposes, we
use
, such as coal, petroleum,
and natural gas. The energy
12
conversions in modern coal-fired power plants result in the electricity you use for home
electrical devices. You use these devices to do work. The rate at which work is done, or
the amount of work done in a unit of time, is called
_
13
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333
Forms of Energy
A.
E.
1. Label the forms of energy on lines A-F above.
2. What are two sources of electrical energy?
_
]
3. Where is energy from food used?
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4. Write the word or words that will make each sentence a true statement.
a. Living things cannot survive without
_
energy is produced by moving objects or substances.
b.
c. Nuclear
_
reactions can be controlled and used to produce
to turn turbines.
d. Our bodies use
in food for energy.
energy is necessary for all life on our planet.
e.
5. Name one use for each form of energy pictured.
a. form A
_
d. form D
_
b. form B
_
e. form E
.,__-
c. form C
_
f. form F
_
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Machines and Work