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Name: --------------------------------------- ENERGY Key Terms Chapter 5 Pages M144-M169 Write down the definition of each word in the space provided 1. energy 2. kinetic energy 3. potential energy 4. gravitational potential energy 5. elastic potential energy 6. mechanical energy 7. thermal energy 8. electrical energy 9. chemical energy 10. nuclear energy 11. electromagnetic energy 12. energy transformation 13. Law of Conservation of Energy 14. fossil fuel Period: ------------------ Name Energy (~ _ Date _ Class p. Nrune Energy Guided Reading and Study What Is Ene;'gy? _ m l~'" - (YI ISO This section explains how work, power, and eI1ergy are related. It also identifies the two basic kinds of energJJ. _ • Date Preview the figure and headings in the section before you read. Record what you already know il1 the graphic organizer. After you have completed the section, write several things you have learned about energy ill the graphic organizer. What You Know Class _ Guided Reading and Study 1',- What Is Energy). (continued) " Kinetic Energy 4. What are the two general kinds of energy? a. Use Target Reading Skills _ b. __ 5. What is kinetic energy? .~ 6. The kinetic energy of an object depends on both its ________________ andits _ 7. Kinetic energy increases as velocity _ » 8. What formula do you use to calculate kinetic energy? 9. Because velocity is squared in the kinetic energy equation, doubling object's velocity will its kinetic energy. Potential an Energy 10. What is potential energy? ,y1/ i(i~ 11. What is the potential energy called that is associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed? 12. What is potential energy called that depends on height? 13. What is the formula you use to determine the gravitational energy of an object? potential Energy, Work, and Power 1. The ability to do work or cause change is called 14. Is.the following sentence true or false? The greater the height of an object, the ~eater its gravitational potential energy. 2. Why can work be thought of as the transfer of energy? t.'.: :~i ,.~ 3. What is power? ,~ tl:;' ;:'j~ .. ,;~ \. ~ : . .<It 'i".! © Pemson Eduwnon, hr., publishing 01 Pearson Prentice Hall. ~I rights reselVed. 303 © POOOOlEdurotion, IlK., publishing 01 Pool500 Prennce Hall. All rights resened, 304 ~ .>~ '.)i 't~ l\!anle _ Class Forms of Energy Energy p. I'l1 I 'S"" J - • Date' _ Class _ Guided Reading and Study Forms of Energy r1 J S~ C'> (continued) Other Forms of Energy Use Target Reading Skills 4. Is the following sentence true or false? When the particles of an object move faster, its thermal energy increases ' After you read this section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use all the information you have leamed to write a defillitioll a each Key ~m il1lfour own words. Be sure YOllr definition could be use to explain the term to someone who has not read the section. mechanical __ _ Guided Reading and Study Energy if1\ ,\,. Name __ Date _ 5. What kind of energy do you experience when you get a shock from a metal doorknob? energy _ 6. What kind of energy is stored in the bonds in compounds you eat? thermal energy __ 7. What kind of energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom? 8. Complete electrical energy of the good » the table below on the different forms of energy _ Different Forms of Energy Form of Energy chelllicalenergy ( ((I Mechanical electromagnetic .r.,.. Examples _ energy _ Energy Thermal en._~rgy Chemical energy nuclearenergy ___ Electrical energy Nuclear energy Mechanical Energy I 1. What two forms of energy are associated with mechanical energy? Electromagnetic energy I 2. How would you calculate an object's mechanical energy? 3. What 51 unit is used to measure mechanical energy? L © Pemson Educonon, lnc, publilhing © PoolSOn Eduronon, In(., pu~ishing os Poorson Prentice Hall. All rights reselVed. 01 Pearson Prennce Hall. All righ~ reselVed. 309 310 ~ame __ Date Energy _ Class _ ~ame Guided Reading and Study Energy Transformations and Conservation () (a This section explains how different fonns of energy are related and describes the law of conservation of energy. p. m Use Target Reading Skills ,~-S- rnllo3 Energy _ • Date _ Class Guided Reading and Study Transformations Between Potential and Kinetic Energy 4. When you throw an orange up into the air, what kind of energy increases as its height increases? _ 5. As an orange falls from its greatest height, what kind of energy increases and what kind of energy decreases? Before you read, preview the red headings for an overview of the section content. Ask a what or a how question for each heading. As you read the material under each heading, find the answer to your question and record it in the graphic organizer. Energy Transformations Question 6. On the diagram of a moving pendulum, label the places where the pendulum has maximum potential energy and where it has maximum kinetic energy. Answer ·;"1 ~ (I•. ~ Energy Transformations 1. A change from one form of energy to another is called a(n) 2. Is the following sentence true or false? Most forms of energy can be converted into other forms. __ 3. Describe the conversion your bOdy_ of chemical energy to mechanical energy in Conservation of Energy 7. What does the law of conservation ., llAi\ © Peorson Educotion, I,c., publishing as Peorsan Prentice Holi. All rights reserved. 318 _; I:; • of energy state? © Pearson EdU(atian, Inc., publishing us Pearson Prentice Hall.All rights reserved. 319 _ Nrume ___ Energy Date __ Class ,==>---- _ . Energy Transformations and Conservation (continued) 8. Friction converts mechanical energy to energy. _ 9. Circle the letter of the sentence that explains why no machine is 100 percent efficient. a. b. c. d. II Nrume II! Energy .. () • Guided Reading and Study __ Date Class ~--------- _ • Review and Reinforce Energy Transformations and Conservation Unders",nding Main Ideas e Electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy by fuel. Mechanical energy is converted to thermal energy by friction. Thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy by friction. Mechanical energy is conVerted to electrical energy by a spark. 10. How did Albert Einstein's theory of relativity change the law of conservation of energy? ~ Study the illustration aboveand then read thefollowing statements. If the statement is true, write true, If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true, . 11. Is the following sentence true or false? Matter can sometimes be convertedtoenergy. __ _________________ e 1. An energy transformation >, is occurring ~ ~, . 2. In this example, the law of conservation of energy says that the ball neyer loses kinetic _______________ . ~, _________ 3. As the ball rises from point 1 to point 3, it ~ ______ --:- 4. The ball has the most potential ________ S. The ball has the most kinetic energy at~. Jimm. energy at~. Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of thefollawing terms on the lines below. 6. energy transformation 7. law of conservation of energy 8. matter 1,," ~.~ © Penson fduco~on, Inc., publishing us Peerson Pren~" Holi. Allngh" 320 ""N,d. © Pemson Edurolion, Inc., publishing os Pewson Pren1i<e HoIl. All nghlS reserved. 321 " Name Energy __ • Review and Reinforce Date _ Qt9Q. d C hQpi Energy and Fossil Fuels 'f p. Class ----- v- ~(YJ Se ci- t 8lf\- L/ iu. - m I ~q Understanding Main Ideas ~ ~@ Study the illustration above, and then answer the questions on a separate piece of paper. 1. Explain what type of energy conversion takes place at point A. 2. What type of energy is converted into chemical energy by ancient plants and animals at point B? 3. The coal at point C is an example of what type of fuel? Give another example of this type of fuel. 4. How is the stored chemical energy converted into thermal energy at point D? 5. What type of energy does the steam in the power plant at point E have? What type of energy do the turbines have when they turn? 6. Explain what type of energy conversion takes place at the generators at point F. 7. Give an example of how electrical energy can be converted to another form of energy in your home. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Your home Name Energy (~ _ Date _ Class _ • Key Terms KeyTerms Complete the following paragraphs using the list of words and phrases below. Each word or phrase is used only once. Word Bank law of conservation of energy thermal energy nuclear energy fossil fuels energy transformation electromagnetic electrical energy mechanical energy kinetic energy potential energy energy power energy chemical energy In nature, things are constantly changing, and the identification is important of what causes changes in physical science. The ability to do work or cause change is called ___________ . There are two general kinds of energy. The energy of 1 motion is called . Energy that is stored and held in readiness 2 is called __ 3 There are different forms of the two general kinds of energy. The energy associated with the motion or position of an object is called . The total 4 energy of the particles of an object is called 5 energy stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds ___________ ___________ ___________ . The potential together is called . The energy that moving electric charges carry is called 6 . Visible light and other waves of energy are forms of 7 . The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is 8 9 Most forms of energy can be converted into other forms. A change from one form of energy to another is called . Such changes from one form 10 of energy to another do not mean any energy is lost. The _ 11 states that when one form of energy is converted to another, no energy is destroyed in the process. A fuel is a material that stores chemical potential energy. For many purposes, we use , such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The energy 12 conversions in modern coal-fired power plants result in the electricity you use for home electrical devices. You use these devices to do work. The rate at which work is done, or the amount of work done in a unit of time, is called _ 13 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 333 Forms of Energy A. E. 1. Label the forms of energy on lines A-F above. 2. What are two sources of electrical energy? _ ] 3. Where is energy from food used? _ 4. Write the word or words that will make each sentence a true statement. a. Living things cannot survive without _ energy is produced by moving objects or substances. b. c. Nuclear _ reactions can be controlled and used to produce to turn turbines. d. Our bodies use in food for energy. energy is necessary for all life on our planet. e. 5. Name one use for each form of energy pictured. a. form A _ d. form D _ b. form B _ e. form E .,__- c. form C _ f. form F _ © Milliken Publishing Company 12a Machines and Work