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Chapter Menu
Lesson 1: Forms of Energy
Lesson 2: Energy Transfer
Lesson 3: Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
Lesson 4: Conduction, Convection,
and Radiation
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3.1 Forms of Energy
energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
elastic potential energy
thermal energy
3.1 Forms of Energy
Energy
• Is the ability to cause change
• The energy carried by the moving
baseball caused this window change
3.1 Forms of Energy
Energy (cont.)
• Is measured in units of joules (J)
• There are many different forms of energy
Where does
energy come
from?
3.1 Forms of Energy
Two Types of Energy
Kinetic energy–
energy an object has
because it is moving
Potential energy–
stored energy
3.1 Forms of Energy
Kinetic Energy
• The amount of kinetic energy an object
has depends on:
– An object’s mass
– An object’s speed
Kinetic energy
3.1 Forms of Energy
Kinetic Energy (cont.)
• Kinetic energy increases as the mass of
the object increases.
• The faster an object moves, the more
kinetic energy it has.
Kinetic Energy (cont.)
3.1 Forms of Energy
Compare the kinetic energy of the two cars
if they have the same speed.
3.1 Forms of Energy
Potential Energy
• Three types of potential energy are:
– Gravitational potential energy
– Elastic potential energy
– Chemical potential energy
Potential
energy
3.1 Forms of Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
• Due to downward pull of Earth’s gravity
• The amount of gravitational potential
energy depends on:
– An object’s mass
– An object’s height above the ground
3.1 Forms of Energy
Elastic Potential Energy
• Is energy stored when an object is
squeezed or stretched
3.1 Forms of Energy
Chemical Potential Energy
• Energy stored in bonds between the
atoms that make up matter
3.1 Forms of Energy
Light Energy
• Is the energy carried
by light waves
• Spreads out in
all directions
3.1 Forms of Energy
Thermal Energy
• Energy that moves from one place to
another due to differences in temperature
• Moves from warmer objects to cooler
objects
3.1 Forms of Energy
Which of the following has
kinetic energy?
A a stretched
elastic band
B a rolling ball
C a cup of hot
cocoa
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D a quart of oil
B
A
B
C
D
A
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3.1 Forms of Energy
What unit is used to
measure energy?
A gram (g)
B meter (m)
C joule (J)
D pound (lb)
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B
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B
C
D
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3.1 Forms of Energy
How is chemical potential
energy stored?
A in the bonds
between atoms
B in high-speed
movement
C through
compression
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D
D in light waves
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C
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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3.2 Energy Transfer
work
wave
fuel
friction
3.2 Energy Transfer
Energy Transfer
• A moving object transfers energy.
• Kinetic energy of the ball is transferred to
the pins when the ball hits the pins.
Energy Transfer (cont.)
3.2 Energy Transfer
Work
• The transfer of energy that occurs when a
push or pull moves an object
3.2 Energy Transfer
Wave
• A disturbance in a material that transfers
energy without transferring matter
• Three types of waves:
– Water waves
– Sound waves
– Electromagnetic waves
Waves
3.2 Energy Transfer
Energy
• Comes in different forms
• Can be transferred from one place to another
• Can be converted from one form to another
3.2 Energy Transfer
Types of Energy Conversions
• Potential energy to kinetic energy
• Converting chemical potential energy
• Thermal energy to kinetic energy
• Kinetic energy to thermal energy
How is energy
converted from one
form to another?
Converting Potential Energy
to Kinetic Energy
When you throw a ball
upward, the ball’s kinetic
energy changed into
potential energy.
3.2 Energy Transfer
All kinetic energy has
been converted to
potential energy
when the ball reaches
its highest point.
As the ball falls down,
potential energy is
converted back into
kinetic energy.
3.2 Energy Transfer
0%
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D
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C
When wood burns, it ____.
A converts potential energy
into kinetic energy
B converts kinetic energy
into thermal energy
C converts thermal energy
into kinetic energy
D converts chemical
potential energy into
thermal and radiant
energy
B
A
B
C
D
A
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2.
3.
4.
3.2 Energy Transfer
Which of the following is the
BEST example of work?
A holding a book
B reading a book
C lifting a book in
your backpack
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D standing on
a book
B
A
B
C
D
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3.2 Energy Transfer
D
C
Which of the following statements about
waves is NOT true?
A All waves transport
at least some matter.
B Electromagnetic waves
can travel through
empty space.
C Waves are disturbances
that transfer energy.
D Sound waves transfer
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kinetic energy.
B
A
B
C
D
A
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3.3 Temperature, Thermal Energy,
and Heat
temperature
thermal expansion
heat
Temperature
3.3 Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
• Measure of the average kinetic energy of
the particles in a material
• Temperature of an object depends on how
fast the particles in an object move
3.3 Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat
Temperature and Particles in Motion
• Heating a balloon causes particles to move
faster and take up more space.
Thermal Expansion
3.3 Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
• An increase in the volume of a substance
when the temperature increases
Measuring Temperature
3.3 Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
• Practical method to measure temperature
is to use a thermometer
• Three common temperature scales:
– Fahrenheit
– Celsius
– Kelvin
3.3 Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
Identify the temperature at which water boils on
the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales.
Heat
3.3 Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
• Energy transfers from a hot object to a
cooler object
• Thermal energy transfers until both objects
reach the same temperature
3.3 Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
The volume of a substance ____
when its temperature increases.
A decreases
B increases
C remains the same
D is cut in half
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D
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C
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B
A
B
C
D
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3.3 Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
What is the freezing point of
water on the Kelvin scale?
A 0K
B 100 K
C 273 K
D 373 K
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B
C
D
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3.3 Temperature, Thermal
Energy, and Heat
What is temperature?
A a measure of the volume
of an object or material
B a measure of the
average amount of
kinetic energy of the
particles in a material
C the average amount of
potential energy of the
particles in a material
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D
D the transfer of radiant
energy from an object
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B
A
B
C
D
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3.4 Conduction, Convection,
and Radiation
conduction
density
conductor
convection current
fluid
radiation
convection
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Three Methods of Transferring
Thermal Energy
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Three Methods of Transferring
Thermal Energy (cont.)
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Three Methods of Transferring
Thermal Energy (cont.)
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Conduction
• Particles bounce against one another,
transferring energy throughout the material
• Thermal energy is conducted through a
solid object as energy is passed from one
particle to the next.
• Conduction occurs in all materials.
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Conduction (cont.)
• Conductors are materials in which thermal
energy moves quickly.
• Insulators are materials in which thermal
energy moves slowly.
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Convection
• Occurs because of differences in
density of a material
• Only takes place in fluids such as liquids
and gases
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Convection Currents
• When a fluid is heated from below,
differences in fluid density create
convection currents.
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Radiation
• Transfer of thermal energy by
electromagnetic waves
• Thermal energy can be transferred by
radiation within matter and through space.
• Is the process that transfers energy from
the Sun to Earth
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
3.4 Conduction, Convection, and
Radiation
When the temperature of a material
increases, its density ____.
A decreases
B increases
C doubles
D remains the same
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D
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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3.4 Conduction, Convection, and
Radiation
Which type of thermal transfer can
occur through matter or space?
A fluid transfer
B convection
C conduction
D radiation
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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3.4 Conduction, Convection, and
Radiation
Which of the following is a
good conductor?
A wood
B steel
C fiberglass
D air
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C
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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Chapter Resources Menu
Chapter Assessment
California Standards Practice
Concepts in Motion
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Virtual Lab
BrainPOP
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.
Which of the following is an example
of gravitational potential energy
changing into kinetic energy?
A a rock falling from
a cliff
B a burning candle
C wind pushing
a sailboat
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D lifting a box
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C
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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How would an increase in sea
temperature affect sea level?
A Sea levels would fall.
B Sea levels would
remain the same.
C Sea levels would rise.
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D Sea levels would rise
and then fall.
B
A
B
C
D
A
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C
Which of the following conditions must
be present in a material in order for a
convection current to form?
A The material must be
a solid.
B The temperature of the
material must be
constant throughout.
C The density of the
material must be the
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same throughout.
D none of the above
B
A
B
C
D
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Which of the following is responsible
for your hands feeling warm when
holding a warm cup?
A convection
B conduction
C radiation
D insulation
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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“Radiant energy” refers to the energy
carried by what type of wave?
A water wave
B shock wave
C electromagnetic wave
D sound wave
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B
C
D
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SCI 3.b
When a log is burned in a fireplace,
most of the energy that is released
becomes ____ energy.
A light
B thermal
C chemical
D kinetic
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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SCI 3.a
Energy can be carried from one
place to another by ____.
A heating
B waves
C moving objects
D all of the above
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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SCI 3.c
In what manner does thermal energy
move through a brick?
A conduction
B radiation
C gravitationally
D convection
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B
A
B
C
D
A
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SCI 3.d
Which of the following is a characteristic of
radiation?
A Radiation can only
transfer energy
through matter.
B Radiation can transfer
energy between objects.
C Radiation creates a
glowing effect.
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D Radiation cannot
transfer thermal energy.
B
A
B
C
D
A
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SCI 3.c
What is primarily responsible for
convection currents forming in a material?
A differences in density
in a fluid
B the volume of an object
shrinks when heated
C an object’s solid nature
D similar temperatures in
a fluid
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