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Biology 142 – General Biology
Spring 2015 – Dr. Carey – Exam 2
Name_____________________________
Part I – Multiple choice – Circle the one best choice – 1 pt. each.
1.
If a human egg is to be fertilized, it will occur in the :
C) cervix D) oviduct
E) vagina
A) ovary
B) uterus
2.
Embryos containing an amnion are characteristic of:
A) terrestrial
invertebrates
B) terrestrial vertebrates C) aquatic invertebrates
D) aquatic vertebrates
E) more than one of the above
3.
Most embryos as in question 2 contain a membrane called the ________ that
functions mainly to exchange gases. A) vitelline membrane B) chorion
C) allantois D) yolk sac E) amnion
4.
In mammals the membrane in question 3 functions: A) as the embryonic
placenta B) to exchange gases C) to store wastes D) as the umbilical cord
E) to enclose an aquatic environment
Questions 5-10 refer to the drawing at right. It is a cross section through an amphibian
embryo early in differentiation of tissues
5.
In the drawing “A” marks the:
A) endoderm B) neurectoderm
C) chordamesoderm D) somite
mesoderm E) mesenchyme
6.
Structure “B” could become ______
in an adult organism. A) epidermis
B) bones C) muscles D) blood
vessels E) respiratory system
7.
Most likely, the embryo developed from
a(n) _____ egg. A) telolecithal
B) merolecithal C) centrolecithal
D) hololecithal E isolecithal
8.
The centrum and cartilage disks in the vertebral column will develop from the
tissue labelled: A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
9.
In a deuterostome, the opening labelled “F” will develop into the:
B) coelom C) nerual canal D) digestive tube E) anus
10.
In a protostome, the opening labelled “F” will become the ________.
(Use the choices in question 9)
A) mouth
11.
The middle functional region of your small intestine is called the:
B) duodenum C) ileum D) colon
12.
Along the mammalian digestive tube, the primary food storage organ is the:
A) stomach B) pancreas C) small intestine D) large intestine E) esophagus
13.
Most of the enzymes that complete the chemical digestion of macromolecules are
produced by the: A) liver B) pancreas C) stomach D) colon E) small
intestine
14.
Bile is produced in the:
E) small intestine
15.
The only metabolic (nondigestive) waste that is disposed of by the digestive
system is: A) feces B) bile C) bilirubin D) urea E) cellulose
16.
The primary function of the large intestine is: A) food absorption B) physical
digestion C) water absorption D) food storage E) cellulose digestion
17.
Large numbers of sperm are stored and activated in the: A) epididymis
B) vas deferens C) seminiferous tubules D) prostate gland E) interstitial
tissues
18.
A hormone that circulates in a woman’s bloodstream only when she is in the early
stages of pregnancy is: A) FSH B) LH C) HCG D) oxytocin E) GRH
19.
Except for lipid products, almost all absorption of nutrients takes place in the:
A) stomach B) jejunum C) ileum D) duodenum E) large intestine
20.
The corpus luteum is derived from the: A) egg B) follicle C) anterior
pituitary D) hypothalamus E) endometrium
21.
LH is produced by the: A) anterior pituitary B) follicle
D) corpus luteum E) hypothalamus
22.
A rapid increase in LH production (LH surge) is the primary trigger for:
A) growth of the follicle B) starting a menstrual period C) maintenance of the
corpus luteum D) ovulation E) increase in GRH production
23.
The LH surge in question 22 occurs on about day ____ of the menstrual cycle.
A) 1 B) 4 C) 14 D) 21 E) 26
24.
An isolecithal egg is characteristic of:
D) reptiles E) amphibians
A) liver
B) gall bladder
A) humans
C) pancreas
A) jejunum
D) stomach
C) interstitial cells
B) insects
C) birds
25.
Prior to ovulation, the development of an endometrium is directly triggered by the
hormone estrogen produced by the: A) uterus B) follicle C) anterior
pituitary D) corpus luteum E) hypothalamus
26.
The skeletal system derives largely from _____ tissue in an early embryo.
A) mesenchyme B) neural crest C) somite mesoderm D) neurectoderm
E) somatic ectoderm F) somite mesoderm G) endoderm
Use the choices in question 26 for questions 27 through 31.
27.
Tissue that develops into most of the reproductive system:
_______.
28.
Tissue that develops into the peripheral nervous system: ______.
29.
Tissue that forms the lining of the anus: ______.
30.
Tissue that forms the respiratory system: ______.
31.
Tissue that forms the spinal cord: ______.
32.
The macronutrient type that is partially digested in your stomach is:
B) protein C) nucleic acid D) carbohydrate E) polypeptide
A) lipid
Part II – Fill-in – Write an appropriate word or phrase in each blank space. 1 pt. each
blank.
1.
The corpus luteum produces 2 hormones, _____________________ and
_________________________. Together these two hormones greatly inhibit the
production of _________________________ by the _______________________.
The 2 hormones also act to maintain the ________________________ layer in
the uterus. If an egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum begins to
__________________________ on about day 26 of the menstrual cycle.
2.
A(n) __________________________ is a thick layer of smooth muscle that
regulates flow through some point in a tube. For example, the major control point
in the digestive system is the _________________________ that controls passage
from the stomach to the small intestine. At the lower end of the large intestine is
the _________________________, an involuntary muscle (be specific). The
primary stimulus allowing passage through this muscle is
______________________________.
3.
No mammal can produce enzymes to digest the common plant carbohydrate
__________________________. Plant eating mammals, thus, rely on
__________________________ to produce such enzymes. In cows, for example,
such digestion largely takes place in an organ called the ____________________.
4.
The evolutionary ancestors of human beings were probably plant eaters
(herbivores). Two pieces of circumstantial evidence supporting this statement are
that: 1) humans possess an appendix, the vestigial remains of a common
herbivore digestive organ called the _______________________. 2) humans
produce an enzyme in the mouth that chemically digests
____________________________, a common plant carbohydrate.
5.
Cleavage is characterized by rapid __________________________ of cells and
by ________________________ in the size of the cells.
6.
In humans the ovulated cell is in a stage of gamete development called a(n)
_____________________________; only if this cell is
_____________________________ will it mature into an egg.
7.
Fill in the blanks in this table. (There are 15 blanks)
SUBSTANCE
WHERE
WHERE
FUNCTION
______________________PRODUCED________USED_________________________
lipase
small intestine
epithelium
disaccharides to
monosaccharides
nuclease
amylase
pancreas
trypsin
dipeptidase
dipeptides to
amino acids
________________________________________________________________________
Part III – True-false – Indicate validity of each statement by placing a “T” or “F” in the
margin to the left of each. 1 pt. each.
1.
Eggs are the largest cells that a species typically possesses.
2.
Protostomes are characterized by indeterminate cleavage.
3.
The gray crescent is an area in a mammalian fertilized egg that seems to control
overall differentiation of the embryo.
4.
FSH is produced only by females.
5.
GRH directly stimulates the production of reproductive hormones by the gonads.
6.
Isolecithal eggs usually have a large amount of yolk relative to the size of the egg.
7.
Nutrients to power sperm locomotion are provided by the seminal fluid.
8.
If a man has a vasectomy (severing of the vas deferens), there will be no seminal
fluid ejaculated.
Part IV – Short answer – Write an appropriate answer in the space provided. Pts as
indicated.
1.
Define: (3 pts each)
A. blastula
B. villi
C. mesenchyme
D. physical digestion
2.
Define peristalsis and physiologically describe how it works. (6 pts)
3.
Generally describe the hormonal controls over the development of the male
reproductive system from conception through puberty. (8 pts)