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Honors Chemistry Unit 02 Vocabulary
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1.
absolute zero
The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that
can be reached. It is the hypothetical
temperature at which all particles stop
moving
18.
law of
conservation
of matter
(mass)
matter (mass) is neither created nor
destroyed during physical and chemical
changes
2.
calorimetry
an experimental process that measures
the flow of energy between particles of
matter
19.
mass
a measure of the amount of matter in an
object
20.
matter
that which has mass and occupies space
3.
chemical
change
a change that occurs when one or more
substances change into entirely new
substances with different properties
21.
nuclear
change
a change that occurs when the nucleus of
an isotope spontaneously changes or is
made to change into a different isotope
4.
chemical
energy
potential energy stored in the structural
composition of a particle
22.
nuclear
property
5.
chemical
property
the ability of a substance to undergo a
specific chemical change
properties relating to the nucleus of an
element and the radioactive particles they
emit
23.
particles
extremely small pieces of matter
6.
conduction
the transfer of thermal energy from one
substance to another through direct
contact
24.
physical
change
a change in a substance that does not
change the identity of the substance
convection
the transfer of thermal energy by the
circulation or movement of a liquid or
gas
25.
7.
physical
property
a characteristic that can be observed or
measured without changing the identity
of the substance
density
the mass of a substance in a given
volume
26.
8.
potential
energy
energy stored in the physical position,
structural composition and interactive
forces of a particle
9.
energy
a substance-like quantity that flows
from one particle of matter to another
particle of matter; the ability to cause
change
27.
pure
substance
matter, either a single element or
compound, that has definite chemical
composition, physical properties and
chemical properties
10.
extensive
property
a physical property that depends on the
amount of matter in a sample
28.
radiation
the transfer of energy by electromagnetic
radiation (photons)
11.
heat
the transfer of energy by a difference in
temperature
29.
specific heat
12.
heterogeneous
mixture
a mixture of two or more substances
that is not uniform in composition; the
different materials can be easily
distinguished
the amount of thermal energy required to
raise the temperature of 1g of a substance
1 degree Celsius
30.
temperature
the degree of hotness or coldness of an
object, the average kinetic energy of the
individual particles
homogeneous
mixture
a mixture in which two or more
substances are evenly distributed
throughout the mixture; the different
materials cannot be easily
distinguished
31.
thermal
energy
energy stored in the random motion of
particles
32.
volume
the amount of 3-dimensional space
occupied by an object
13.
14.
intensive
property
a physical property that remains the
same no matter how much of a
substance is present
15.
interaction
energy
potential energy stored in the
interactions between particles
16.
kinetic energy
energy stored in the motion of a
particle
17.
law of
conservation
of energy
energy is neither created nor destroyed
during physical and chemical changes