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UA Agent Manual Glossary
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TERMINOLOGY DEFINITIONS
MEDICAL GLOSSARY
Abbreviations:
COMMON MEDICATIONS AND THEIR USAGE
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
Diseases With A Complete Or Partial Autoimmune Etiology:
Diseases Suspected To Be Linked To Autoimmunity Are:
PREMALIGNANT CONDITIONS AND CANCER DRUGS
Premalignant Conditions
Anti-neoplastics (Cancer Drugs)
PREMALIGNANT LESIONS
Some Precancerous Lesions:
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDERS (PVD)
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TERMINOLOGY DEFINITIONS
Application/Brochure – A printed form designed to provide
the summary of benefits, policy limitations and exclusions,
and features of a UA product, a conditional receipt, the
insurance policy application form. Also referred to as
an “app-brochure”. The perforated design allows the
Applicant to keep the brochure portion; the Agent
submits the completed application portion to the Home
Office. Available from Supply. Plans and benefits vary by
state. Check your applicable state Compliance sheet.
COBRA – Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation
Act of 1986. An amendment to ERISA. Provides some
workers and their families with the right to continue
their employee-sponsored health coverage after
certain events, such as the loss of a job. See also
UA’s Privacy & Disclosure Information Booklet. See
also The U.S. Department of Labor (www.dol.gov).
Commission – A loan advance paid by United American
to a contracted Insurance Agent based on the sale
of United American’s products and/or services.
Accelerated Benefit Rider – Allows an Insured to receive a
portion of the Death Benefit upon proof of terminal illness.
Compliance Sheet – A list of state-approved products.
Includes instructions for forms required to complete a new
application and critical to ensuring proper submission
of new business. Maintained by UA’s Compliance
Department. Available from Supply or the internet.
AD&D – Accidental Death and Dismemberment insurance
provides additional funds in the event of a fatal accident
or an accident that results in the loss of a limb or eyesight.
Attained Age Premium Rate – Based on a
policyholder’s current age. Rates increase yearly
(as the policyholder’s age increases) on the
policy anniversary date, usually up to age 80.
Eligible Dependents – Include, in addition to spouse and
children, any relative living with and dependent on the
Applicant for support. A separate application is required for
a nondependent (EXAMPLE: a fiancé). Identify the family
member responding to a health question by referring
to the number in sequence listed on the application.
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Since statures regarding eligible dependents vary
from state to state, please refer to the specific policy
in question to determine eligibility of dependents
subsequent to the issuance of the policy.
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Natural, newborn children are eligible for coverage
on their date of birth for the first 31 days. However,
to ensure continuous coverage beyond the first 31
days a Miscellaneous Change Form must be received
within 31 days from birth. The Miscellaneous Change
Form is to be mailed to the Reissue Department
“Automatic” Claims Filing (ACF®) – Feature of UA Partners®
for Medicare Supplement policyholders. There are no
claim request forms to file. Doctors, providers and/or
hospitals will submit claims directly to United American.
Upon verification of benefits, UA responds with the
payment. In most cases, these transactions are electronic.
The policyholder can verify claims and payments
on Medicare’s Medicare Summary Notice (MSN).
Automatic Payment Plan / Bank Draft
– See Method of Payment.
Buyer’s Guide – a consumer’s guide to purchasing insurance
products specific to Annuity, Life and Medicare
Supplement. Guides are available from Supply.
Child
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ERISA – The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974. This federal law sets minimum standards for most
voluntary established pension and health plans in private
industry to provide protection for individuals in these
plans. See also The U.S. Department of Labor (www.dol.gov).
A natural child of the Applicant; or A legally
adopted child of the Applicant (including a child
living with the adopting parents during the period
of probation); or A stepchild whose primary
residence is the Applicant’s household; or
A child of the Applicant’s child who is
dependent upon the Applicant for more
than one-half of his/her support; or
A grandchild whose primary residence is in the
Applicant’s household, to whom the Applicant is legal
guardian or related by blood or marriage, regardless
of whether the Applicant treats the grandchild as
a dependent for federal income tax purposes
A child for whom the Applicant has received
a court order requiring the Applicant to
have financial responsibility for providing
health insurance for such child.
Exclusion Rider – (Not available: CA, ID or OR) Optional
- applies to underage health only. Places an exclusion on
the policy’s coverage for a particular health condition.
Alters or changes the policy’s coverage or terms.
Foreign Applicants – Coverage is not issued to foreign
nationals unless the Applicant verifies in writing (separate
note attached to the application) that such Applicant is
a permanent resident of the United Sates or Canada.
Graded Benefit – A lower than standard life insurance death
benefit during the first few years, on an Insured who is
classified as having an above average potential for loss,
such as a person having a particular health condition.
Guaranteed Issue – Policy issue is not subject to or
dependent upon the underwriting process.
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TERMINOLOGY DEFINITIONS CONTINUED
HIPAA – Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act of 1996. An amendment to ERISA. Offers protections
that improve portability and continuity of health
insurance coverage. See also UA’s Privacy & Disclosure
Information booklet and Consumer form 3728. See
also The U.S. Department of Labor (www.dol.gov).
Plan Code – A unique alphanumeric code used to identify
policy form and/or premium rate. A required entry on all
applications. Plan codes are located in Rate books/cards
and, in some cases, pre-printed on the application.
Point Value Conversion Chart – Regarding the Select
Benefit Rider, a point system method is used to factor
the insurance risk associated with a health condition and
determine the Sub-Standard premium. See page 62-66.
HMO – Health Maintenance Organization. An HMO plan
that provides health care from specific doctors and
hospitals that contract with the plan. People enrolled
in HMOs must choose a primary care physician (PCP)
from a list of participating doctors. For any nonemergency hospital or specialty care, enrollees must
get a referral from their primary care physicians.
Policy Fee – There is a $20 annual fee on life
policies, usually included in the rates.
Premium Conversion Table – Sub-Standard Premium.
Also referred to as “Rate-Up”. Applicable to Underage
health plans issued with the Select Benefit Rider
for existing health conditions. See pages 67-71.
HMO Disenrollee – A person whose HMO
coverage has terminated.
Rate Card/Brochure – Reference booklet (or
card) for UA product premium rates and
plan codes. Available from Supply.
IHM – In-Hospital Medical. Physician’s
treatment performed in a hospital.
Issue Age Premium Rates – Based on the
policyholder’s age at the time of application.
Recovery Period – A standardized period of time
determined by the insurance company in which an
insured should totally recover from a particular illness
or injury. If the insured is outside the standardized
recovery period, there would no longer be need of
treatment for the condition. There must be medical
confirmation of corrective surgery or treatment with
complete recovery and no recurrence for removal of
any policy rider associated with the illness or injury.
Lapse (policy) – A break in coverage - usually
the result of non-payment of premium.
Material Misrepresentation – A false or misleading
statement of fact on an application for insurance
policy that influences the insured’s Insurability; such
statements may serve as a basis for voiding the policy.
MIB – Medical Information Bureau. MIB’s fraud protection
services protect insurers, policyholders and Applicants
from attempts to conceal or omit information
material to the sound and equitable underwriting of
life, health, disability, and long term care insurance.
See also UA’s Privacy & Disclosure Information
booklet. See also MIB Group, Inc. (www.mib.com).
Reformations and Rescissions – Sometimes, after a
policy is issued, additional information will be received
from the Applicant, Agent, or other source that would
change the way we would have issued the policy.
1. Rescissions – If adverse medical or other information
is received, after issue of a policy, that would have
made Applicants ineligible for coverage, we will
rescind the policy. Once a policy has been rescinded,
that individual is no longer eligible for any type
of coverage with United American Insurance
Company. If the information is received from the
Insured, the policy will not be a rescission, but a
canceled issue date. We reserve the rescission for
those Applicants who knowingly omitted health
history that would have been a basis for rescission.
2. Reformation – If information is received that
would have changed our basis of issue, we will
offer a reformation or rescission. The Applicant
will be offered an opportunity to accept an
amended policy (reformation) with Exclusion
or Select Benefit Riders. If they do not accept
the reformation, the policy will be rescinded.
Monthly Premium – The cost of an insurance policy due,
on a monthly basis, to United American. Premium
refers only to the cost of an insurance policy.
OHE – Outpatient Hospital Expense. Medical/Surgical
services performed within the confines of a hospital or
surgical facility that do not require an overnight stay.
Open Enrollment – With regard to Medicare
Supplement insurance, the 6 month period
beginning with the Part B effective date.
Payment Mode (Mode of Payment) – The manner in
which a policyholder submits premium payments to
United American. Payment Mode options include:
1. Bank Draft (also referred to as Automatic Payment
Plan). Premiums are automatically deducted
from the policyholder’s checking account
monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually.
2. Direct bill – a premium notice is mailed
to the policyholder monthly, quarterly,
semi-annually or annually.
Registration Fee – Health policies, excluding MedSupp have a one time $6 registration fee.
Re-issue (policy) – When revisions and changes of any kind
are made to an in force policy, it is termed a re-issue policy.
Pended Status – A temporary status of a new application
awaiting verification, required forms, etc. Unable to issue.
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TERMINOLOGY DEFINITIONS CONTINUED
Replacement – The act of terminating an
insurance policy or a portion of the coverage
in order to purchase another policy.
SBR – Select Benefit Rider. (Not available: CA, ID, MD
or OR) Optional. An attachment to an underage
health policy that limits, alters or adjusts the
policy’s coverage for a certain health condition.
State Approved – Filed and Approved by a
State Department of Insurance.
State Special – Non-standard; Unique. Meets the
requirements of one, or more, state(s).
Sub-Standard Premium – A higher than standard
premium charged on an insured who is classified
as having an above average potential for loss, such
as a person having a particular health condition.
UA Partners® – Not available in Kansas. Optional discount
and health services program for life and health policies.
Stand alone available. Includes “Automatic” Claims
Filing (ACF®) for Medicare Supplement policyholders.
Not an insurance policy. Nominal fee is required.
Unadmitted Health History – Significant health history
obtained by Underwriting Department, that was not
admitted on the application for insurance, which would
have affected our decision on whether the policy
should have been issued with riders or whether the
Applicant was an uninsurable risk. Unadmitted health
history would be a basis for reformation or rescission.
Underwriting – Methods and procedures used to determine
an Applicant’s eligibility for insurance coverage.
Uninsurable – Not eligible for a United American insurance
policy. See Uninsurable Hazardous Occupation
Chart (pages 11). Additionally, any policyholder
who has lapsed three or more times in a 2-year
period is not eligible for any new coverage.
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MEDICAL GLOSSARY
Abnormality – Malfunction or deformity, contrary to normal.
Autoimmune Hepatitis – A long-term disease in which
your body’s immune system attacks liver cells.
Acute – Describes a disease that is brief, severe,
and quickly comes to a crisis.
Bariatric Surgery – Surgery on the stomach and/or intestines
to help a person with extreme obesity to lose weight.
Bariatric surgery is an option for people who have a body
mass index (BMI) above 40. Surgery is also an option
for people with a BMI between 25 and 40 who have
health problems like Type 2 Diabetes or heart disease.
Adrenal Gland Disorders – Endocrine gland
located above each kidney. The inner part
(medulla) of each gland secretes epinephrine
and the outer part (cortex) secretes steroids.
Addison’s Disease:
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A wasting disease characterized by bronzing of
the skin, low blood pressure, and weakness. It is
caused by underactivity of the adrenal glands.
Blood Disorders –
Anemia:
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A common Blood disorder condition that is caused
by an acquired or inhered abnormality of red
Blood cells to provide adequate oxygen supplies
to body tissues. Anemia may, in some cases, be a
manifestation of an non-hematologic disorder. The
condition may be due to decreased number of red
Blood cells, decreased amount of substance in red
Blood cells which transports oxygen hemoglobin,
or decreased volume of red Blood cells. There are
several diseases properly known as Anemia. These
include: anemia of B12 deficiency, anemia of chronic
disease, anemia of folate deficiency, drug-induced
immune hemolytic anemia, hemolytic anemia,
hemolytic anemia due to g6pd deficiency, idiopathic
aplastic anemia, idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic
anemia, immune hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency
anemia, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia,
secondary aplastic anemia, and sickle cell anemia.
Cushing’s Syndrome:
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A condition caused by excessive production of
corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex or pituitary
gland and marked by obesity, muscular weakness,
hypertension, striated skin, and fatigue.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia:
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Refers to a group of inherited adrenal gland
disorders. People with this condition do not
produce enough of the hormones cortisol and
aldosterone, and produce too much of androgen.
Albuminuria – presence of albumin or protein in the urine.
Amenorrhea – absence of menses.
Anorexia – lack or loss of appetite for food.
Aphasia – loss of ability to communicate orally or in writing
and the ability to understand spoken or written language.
Blood Cholesterol:
An important attribute in deciding a person’s risk of
getting coronary heart disease. When you have too
much cholesterol in your Blood, the excess builds
up on the walls of the arteries that carry Blood to
the heart. This buildup is called “atherosclerosis” or
“hardening of the arteries.” It narrows the arteries
and can slow down or block Blood flow to the
heart. With less Blood, the heart gets less oxygen.
With not enough oxygen to the heart, there
may be chest pain, heart attack, or even death.
Cholesterol buildup is the most common cause of
heart disease, and it happens so slowly that you
are not even aware of it. The higher your Blood
cholesterol, the greater your chance of this buildup.
Apnea – cessation of breathing.
Atrophy – wasting away of an organ, muscle or tissue.
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Asymptomatic – There are no symptoms. A person
is asymptomatic if an illness or condition is
present without recognizable symptoms.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome – (AIDS) A
disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). People with AIDS are at an increased risk for
developing certain cancers and for infections that usually
occur in individuals with a weak immune system.
Autism – brain disorder that begins in early childhood
and persists throughout adulthood; affects three
crucial areas of development: communication, social
interaction, and creative or imaginative play.
Hemochromatosis:
A most often hereditary Blood disorder that causes
body tissue to absorb and store too much iron.
Hemochromatosis is not “caught.” The disease (which
is actually many diseases) has also been known to
develop as a result of dietary iron intake in sufficient
quantity. Its worst effects are preventable, by early
diagnosis and treatment, but, if the patient is not
found in time, it is crippling and potentially fatal
Autoimmune Disease – One job of the immune system
is to protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and
other living organisms. Usually, the immune system
does not react against the body’s own cells. However,
sometimes it mistakenly attacks the cells it is supposed
to protect. This response is called autoimmunity.
Researchers speculate that certain bacteria, viruses,
toxins, and drugs trigger an autoimmune response
in people who are genetically susceptible to
developing an autoimmune disorder. See Autoimmune
Diseases (Appendix D) for additional information.
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MEDICAL GLOSSARY CONTINUED
Hemophilia:
(also Haemophilia) A genetic Blood disease
that causes the Blood to be unable to
form a firm clot normally and quickly.
doctor while putting the patient at a higher risk of
Blood clots and stroke. Women under the age of 40
are at particular risk for clotting complications.
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Sepsis:
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Also known as gram-negative bacteremia and grampositive bacteremia, Sepsis is an overwhelming and
life-threatening bacterial infection of the Blood and
body organs caused by bacteria that has entered body
tissue, most often through a wound or incision, that
leads to the formation of pus, and/or to the spread
of the sepsis bacteria throughout the Blood stream.
Sepsis is often caused by organisms that are resistant
to most standard antibiotics and more often than
not, is found in people with a weakened immune
systems. Commonly affected areas are the lungs,
the genitourinary tract, the liver or liver secretion
tract, the gastrointestinal tract, surgical wounds
or drains, and spots of skin disturbance known as
decubitus ulcers or bedsores. Sepsis infection can
lead to a form of shock, known as septic shock.
HIV/AIDS:
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A Blood-borne disease of the human immune
system that is characterized cytologically especially
by a reduction in the numbers of CD4-bearing
helper T cells, to 20% or less of normal, rendering
the subject highly vulnerable to life-threatening
conditions, such as pneumonia. There are others
that become life-threatening (such as Kaposi’s
sarcoma) and that are caused by infection with HIV.
HIV has been found in Blood, semen, saliva, tears,
nervous system tissue, breast milk, and female
genital tract secretions; however, only Blood, semen,
female genital tract secretions, and breast milk
have been proven to transmit HIV to others. It is
most commonly transmitted in infected Blood and
bodily secretions (e.g. semen), commonly during
illicit IV drug use and/or sexual intercourse.
Sickle Cell Disease:
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A hereditary Blood disease resulting from a single
amino acid mutation of the red Blood cells. A
Blood condition of anemia. People with sickle cell
disease have red Blood cells that contain mostly
hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin.
Sometimes these red Blood cells become crescent
shaped “sickle shaped” and have difficulty passing
through small Blood vessels. There is currently no
universal cure for Blood borne sickle cell disease.
Leukemia:
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Often referred to as cancer of the Blood, a
malignant condition affecting the immature
Blood-forming cells in the bone marrow.
Lymphatic Filariasis:
Lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating Blood disease
caused by nematode worms of the genera
Wucheriaand Brugia. Larval worms circulate in the
Bloodstream of infected persons, and adult worms
live in the lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic filariasis is not
life threatening, but it does cause extreme discomfort,
swelling of the limbs and genitals, damage to the
kidneys and lymphatic system, impairment of the
body’s ability to fight infection, and general malaise.
In addition, it produces immeasurable emotional and
economic costs in terms of the disruption of family
and community life. Approximately 120 million people
in 73 endemic countries world-wide located primarily
throughout tropical and subtropical regions of South
America, Asia, the Pacific Islands and Africa. Although
designated by the World Health Organization (WHO)
as the world’s second leading cause of permanent
and long-term disability, this mosquito-transmitted
Blood borne disease is “potentially eradicable”
through drug therapy and vector control. Infection
rates are increasing with the continued expansion
of urbanization that is underway in the tropics.
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Thalassemia:
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An inherited blood disorder that causes mild to
severe anemia. The anemia is due to reduced
hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells then
normal. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood
cells that carries oxygen to all parts of the body.
Blood Study – a scientific test/analysis of
any of the bloods components.
Bone Disorder – abnormal condition, disease,
or impairment of any bone.
Bradycardia – slowness of the heart rate, usually measured
as fewer than 60 beats per minute in an adult human.
Brain Disorder – abnormal condition, diseases,
or impairment of the brain.
Breast Aspiration – fluid removed by needle
within a sac or cyst in the breast(s).
Bursitis – inflammation of a fluid-filled sac (bursa) of the
body, particularly at the elbow, knee, or shoulder..
Polycythemia Vera:
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Occurs in one to five of every 100,000 people. With
this Blood disorder, patients not only have more
red cells, that is, hematocrits can almost double
in some cases, but there is also a slow, steady
buildup of white cells and platelets. Blood volume
also increases, which masks the disease from the
Calculus – a stone like mass.
Cancer – a malignant tumor or growth caused when cells
multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue.
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MEDICAL GLOSSARY CONTINUED
Cardiospasm – a sustained tight contraction of
the muscle sphincter at the lower end of the
throat that obstructs the passage of food.
Connective Tissue Disease, Mixed – First described in
1972, is “classically” considered as an “overlap,” or mix,
of three specific connective tissue diseases; systemic
lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and polymyositis.
Patients with this pattern of illness (that is, with MCTD)
have features of each of these three diseases
Cephalgia – a general term referring to
headache from any cause.
Cesarean Section – surgical abdominal delivery of a newborn.
It is now known, however, that overlap syndromes can
involve any combination of the connective tissue diseases.
Cholecystitis – inflammation or infection of the gallbladder.
Chronic – Having a particular long-term illness or condition.
Counseling – Meetings with a counselor to receive
help with personal or psychological problems.
Claudication – usually referred to as intermittent
claudication and characterized by severe pain in
the legs during walking and relieved by rest.
Counselor – Somebody, usually a professional, who helps
others with personal, social, or psychological problems.
Cocaine – an addictive narcotic drug obtained from the
leaves of the coca plant, taken illegally as a stimulant.
Cretinism– Arrested physical and mental development
with dystrophy of bones and soft tissue, due
to congenital lack of thyroid function.
Congenital disorders – disorders or defects present at
birth and originating during the gestational period. .
Degenerative Joint Disease – Also known as Osteoarthritis
or Degenerative Arthritis, this type of arthritis is caused
by inflammation, breakdown and eventual loss of the
cartilage of the joints. Among the over 100 different
types of arthritis conditions, osteoarthritis is the most
common, affecting usually the hands, feet, spine, and
large weight bearing joints, such as the hips and knees.
Congenital Heart Disease – abnormal condition of
the heart or blood vessels supplying it, existing
at or prior to birth, impairing cardiac function.
Connective Tissue Disease – Also Collagen Disease and
LUPUS. A disease (autoimmune or otherwise) that
attacks the collagen or other components of connective
tissue. The classic connective tissue diseases include
systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis,
scleroderma, pollymyositis, and dermatomyositis.
Dementia – Dementia is significant loss of intellectual
abilities such as memory capacity, severe enough
to interfere with social or occupational functioning.
Dementia is not temporary confusion or forgetfulness
that might result from a self-limited infection, underlying
illness, or side effects of medications. Dementia
typically progresses to become worse over time.
There are a number of causes of dementia. In general
dementia is more frequent with increasing age.
The connective tissues are the structural portions of
our body that essentially hold the cells of the body
together. These tissues form a framework, or matrix, for
the body. The connective tissues are composed of two
major structural protein molecules, collagen and elastin.
There are many different types of collagen protein that
vary in amount in each of the body’s tissues. Elastin has
the capability of stretching and returning to its original
length - like a spring or rubber band. Elastin is the major
component of ligaments (tissues that attach bone to bone)
and skin. In patients with connective tissue diseases, it is
common for collagen and elastin to become injured by
inflammation. Diseases in which inflammation of collagen
tends to occur are also referred to as collagen diseases
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia.
Among other causes are medical conditions (thyroid
disease, drug toxicity, thiamine deficiency with alcoholism,
and others), brain injury, strokes, multiple sclerosis,
infection of the brain (such as meningitis and syphilis), HIV
infection, hydrocephalus, Pick’s disease, and brain tumors.
Developmental Delay – Retarded growth both
mentally and physically that causes late
mental and physical achievement.
Connective tissue diseases are a special group of rheumatic
diseases (diseases that feature abnormalities of the
muscles and/or joints) that can be associated with arthritis.
Diagnosis – The identifying of an illness or disorder in a
patient through an interview, physical examination,
and medical tests and other procedures.
When these conditions have not developed the classic
features of a particular disease, doctors will often refer
to the condition as “undifferentiated connective tissue
disease,” or UCTD. This designation implies that the
characteristic features that are used to define the classic
connective tissue diseases are not present, but that some
symptoms or signs of a connective tissue disease exist.
Disease – A disorder with recognizable signs
and often having a known cause.
Disorder – A derangement or abnormality of function.
Dysmenorrhea – Painful menstruation; from
any of a wide variety of causes.
Dysphagia – Pain or difficulty swallowing.
Dyspnea – Difficult or distressed breathing.
Dysuria – Painful or difficult urination..
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MEDICAL GLOSSARY CONTINUED
Effusion – The escape of a fluid from anatomical
vessels by rupture or exudation.
Heart Valve Disease – Disorder or Abnormal
findings within a heart valve.
Elevated Blood Glucose – Blood sugar higher than normal.
Hematoma – A semisolid mass of blood in the tissues,
caused by injury, disease, or a clotting disorder.
Endocrinology – a branch of medicine dealing with disorders
of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called
hormones. Hormones are molecules that act as signals
from one type of cells to another. Most hormones reach
their targets via the blood. Although every organ system
secretes and responds to hormones (including the lungs,
heart, intestine, skin, and the kidney), the clinical specialty
of endocrinology focuses primarily on the endocrine
organs, meaning the organs whose primary function is
hormone secretion. These organs include the pituitary,
thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes, and pancreas.
Immune System – The interacting combination of
all the body’s ways of recognizing cells, tissues,
objects, and organisms that are not part of itself, and
initiating the immune response to fight them.
Implants – Something inserted or embedded in the tissues
or organs of the body during a surgical procedure, for
prosthetic, therapeutic, or cosmetic and diagnostic uses.
Indication – A medical sign or symptom that shows
the presence of a disease or a remedy for it.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Chronic disease
of the bowel of unknown etiology such as
Crohn’s Disease, ileitis and ulcerative colitis.
Euthyroid – Normally functioning thyroid gland
or normal thyroid hormone level.
Febrile – Having a fever or feverish.
Infusion – A method of putting fluids, including drugs,
into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous
infusion. It is the continuous slow introduction
of a solution, especially into a vein.
Fixation Device – Substance, Agent, object used
to repair or mend a part of the body..
Functional – Of, connected with, or being a
function affecting physiological or psychological
functions but not organic structure
1. A functional heart disease
2. A functional psychosis
3. Compare Structural or Organic
Insidious – Of a disease: Developing so gradually as to
be well established before becoming apparent.
Internal Fixation Device – Pin, plate, wire, nail, or
screws used to mend a fracture or injury to a joint.
Intermittent Claudication – Pain while walking that
abates during rest is the most common symptom. Other
symptoms include numbness or weakness in the legs,
aching pain in the feet or toes while at rest, nonhealing
ulcers on the leg or foot, cold legs or feet and skin color
changes of the legs or feet (particularly dependent
redness). Some patients, however, are asymptomatic.
Functional Disease – A disease of which the symptoms
cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change
of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from
a cause, often unknown, external to itself as opposed to
“organic” disease, in which the organ itself is affected.
Functional Mental or Nervous Disorders – Those
such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder,
manic disorder, psychosis, neurotic disorders.
Irregular Heartbeat – abnormal electrical
conduction through the heart’s specialized
pathways causing irregular beats.
Gaucher Disease – An inherited, enzyme deficiency,
disorder. Symptoms range from mild to severe and
can appear at any time, from infancy to old age. These
Gaucher symptons may include anaemia, fatigue,
easy bruising and a tendency to bleed. An enlarged
spleen and liver may also occur in Gaucher disease
as well as bone pain, degeneration and fractures.
Lymphadenopathy – Swelling of one or more lymph
nodes. It is a recognized symptom of many different
diseases, some of which are: reactive: acute infection
(e.g. bacterial, or viral), or chronic infections
(tuberculous lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease)
tumoral: Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma,
metastasis unknown etiology: sarcoidosis.
The most common form of Gaucher disease (Type 1)
affects 1 in 100,000 of the general population although it
is estimated that not all those who have Gaucher disease
will show symptoms. In the rarer Type 2 and Type 3
Gaucher disease, neurological problems will occur.
Lymphoma – a neoplastic, malignant
disease of the lymphoid tissue.
Maintenance – therapeutic regimen intended to
preserve a normal quality or status and considered
an activity incorporated into a good life style
without evidence of a disease or disorder.
Glucose Intolerance – having some degree of
resistance to insulin, so you can’t move glucose
into cells efficiently and use it as an efficient body
fuel. Inability to withstand normal metabolism of
glucose. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a major
risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Manipulation Therapy – skillful or dexterous treatment as
with the hands such as massage or chiropractic treatment.
Glycosuria – presence of glucose in the urine.
9
MEDICAL GLOSSARY CONTINUED
Mental Illness, Severe – As defined by the American
Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual (DSM), severe mental illness includes the
following diagnoses: schizophrenia; schizo-affective
disorder; bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness);
major depressive disorders; panic disorders; obsessivecompulsive disorder; pervasive developmental disorder
or autism; anorexia nervosa; and bulimia nervosa.
Nocturia – Excessive urination at night.
Opiate – A drug such as morphine or heroin that
contains opium or an opium derivative.
Organic –
1. Of, relating to, or arising in a bodily organ
2. Affecting the structure of the organism
3. An organic disease
Morbidity – The relative frequency of occurrence
of a particular disease in a particular area.
Organic Mental or Nervous Disorders – Those
such as Parkinson’s disease or epilepsy.
Motor Skill Delay – late or retarded development
in ability to execute learned physical tasks.
Organic Personality Syndrome or Organic Mental
Syndrome – A mental disorder characterized by a shortterm or long-term personality disturbance largely due
to brain dysfunction. The ability to reason, remember,
imagine, and learn may not be affected, but the individual’s
judgment may be so poor that continual supervision may
be necessary. Left unattended, he or she may behave in
ways that could cause difficult or dangerous problems.
Musculoskeletal System – All muscles of the body collectively
and the ligaments, tendons, or bones that interconnect .
Musculoskeletal Disorder – Abnormal condition, disease
or impairment of the musculoskeletal system.
Myalgia – Pain or tenderness in a muscle or group of muscles.
Organic Brain Syndrome – Also called Organic Mental
Disorder. Psychiatric or Neurological symptoms,
including problems with attention, concentration
and memory, confusion, anxiety, and depression,
arising from damage or disease in the brain.
Necrosis – The death of cells in a tissue or
organ caused by disease or injury.
Nervous Disorder – Abnormality of the brain,
spinal cord, and neural elements.
Nervous System – Comprised of the brain,
spinal cord, and neural elements.
A general term referring to physical disorders
that cause decreased mental function
(usually not psychiatric disorders).
Neuritis – Inflammation of a nerve with pain and
tenderness, paresthesia and lack of reflexes.
Organic mental or nervous disorders are
those such as Parkinson’s Disease.
Neuromuscular Disorders – Conditions that affect
components of a motor unit (motor neuron cells
of the spinal cord, nerve, neuromuscular junction,
and muscle fibers), sensory and autonomic nerves
or their supportive structure are included in the
broad category od neuromuscular disorders.
Organic Personality Syndrome or Organic Mental
Syndrome is a mental disorder characterized by a
short-term personality disturbance largely due to brain
dysfunction. The ability to reason, remember, imagine,
and learn may not be affected, but the individual’s
judgement may be so poor that continual supervision may
be necessary. Left unattended, he or she may behave in
ways that could cause difficult or dangerous problems.
Myopathies:
●●
Polymyositis
●●
Dermatomyositis
●●
Inclusion Body Myositis
●●
Muscular Dystrophies
●●
Metabolic Myopathies
Palliative Treatment – Alleviating pain and symptoms
without eliminating the cause. (See also Treatment)
Paranoia – A psychiatric disorder involving
systematized delusion, usually of persecution.
Disorders of Neuromuscular Junction:
●●
Myasthenia Gravis
●●
Eaton-Lambert Syndrome
Parathyroid Disorder – Abnormal condition, disease,
or impairment of the parathyroid gland.
Neuropathies:
Guillain Barre Syndrome
●●
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating
Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
●●
Diabetic Neuropathy
●●
Hereditary Neuropathies
Peripheral Arterial Disease – (PAD) Also known as
Perhpheral Vascular Disease (PVD). See Peripheral Vascular
Disease (PVD) for additional information (Appendix F).
●●
Peripheral Vascular Disorder – (PVD) Disorders
affecting the arteries, veins and lymphatics of the
extremities, including any of various diseases, especially
arteriosclerosis, occurring in blood vessels outside the
heart and the brain. See Peripheral Vascular Disease
(PVD) for additional information (Appendix F).
Motor Neuron Disorder:
●●
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
10
MEDICAL GLOSSARY CONTINUED
Pituitary Gland Disorders – A small oval gland at the base
of the brain in vertebrates, producing hormones that
control other glands and influence growth of the bone
structure, sexual maturing, and general metabolism.
1. Acromegaly – A disease of adults that is caused
by overproduction of growth hormones,
resulting in enlargement of the bones of
the hands, feet, jaw, nose and ribs.
2. Growth Hormone Deficiency – The medical
condition of inadequate production of growth
hormone (GH) and its effects on children
and adults. Growth hormone, also called
somatotropin, is a polypeptide hormone which
stimulates growth and cell reproduction.
3. Pituitary Tumors – An abnormal growth in
the pituitary gland, the part of the brain that
regulates the body’s balance of hormones.
Stimulant – A drug or other Agent that produces a temporary
increase in functional activity of a body organ or part.
Structural – Relating to the way that the parts of
something are put together or how they work
together affecting physiological or psychological
functions but not organic structure (i.e., a functional
heart disease or a functional psychosis)
Surgery – Medical treatment that involves operations
or manipulations on the patient’s body and, usually,
cutting the body open to perform these.
Surgical Advice – Recommendation by a doctor to have
surgery to improve or heal a medical condition.
Symptom – Any subjective evidence (what the patient feels) of
disease. Anxiety, lower back pain, fatigue are all symptoms.
They are sensations only the patient can perceive.
Syndrome – A medical condition characterized by a
collection of symptoms (what the patient feels) and
signs (what a doctor can observe or measure).
Premalignant Conditions – See Premalignant Conditions
for additional information (Appendix E).
Prognosis – The likely outcome or course of a disease;
the chance of recovery or recurrence.
Thrombosis – When the platelets try to patch up an injury
within a small Blood vessel and completely plug it
up instead. This plug obstructs the normal flow of
Blood and can result in a heart attack or stroke.
Psychologist – A professional who studies behavior and
experience, usually either licensed to provide therapeutic
services to the public or working in an academic setting.
Treatment – Management, consultation and care for
the purpose of combating or controlling a disease
or disorder. This includes any therapy, prescribed
medications or over the counter medications
taken to control or treat the disorder.
Psychological Treatment – Assistance rendered
by mental health care services.
Reactive Airway Disease – Acute constrictive breathing
disorder caused by the hypersensitivity to external Agent
Treatment, Palliative – To palliate a disease is to
treat it partially and insofar as possible, but not
cure it completely. Palliation cloaks a disease. Also
sometimes called Symptomatic Treatment.
Recurrent – Returning after remission
returning or happening repeatedly.
Relapse – The return of a disease after it’s apparent cessation.
Severe –Causing great discomfort by being extreme.
Tremors – Involuntary trembling or quivering.
Severe Mental Illness – See Mental Illness, Severe, above
Tumor – Abnormal growth of tissue with
multiplication of abnormal cells.
Sexually Transmitted Disease – (STD) A disease such
as syphilis or genital herpes that is normally passed
from one person to another through sexual activity.
Valve Prosthesis – Artificial Agent used to replace a
diseased or nonfunctioning heart valve or other valve.
Sign – Objective evidence (what a doctor can measure or
observe) of disease. A bloody nose is a sign. It is evident
to the patient, doctor, nurse and other observers.
Speech Disorder – Abnormality in ability to
speak in normal fashion, such as stutter.
Spleen disorder – Abnormal condition,
disease, or impairment of the spleen.
Stenosis – An abnormal constriction or narrowing
of a duct, passage, or opening in the body.
Stent – An open tubular structure of stainless steel or
plastic used to prevent arteries and other body
tubes from becoming blocked by disease.
11
MEDICAL GLOSSARY CONTINUED
ABBREVIATIONS:
S – Standard
D – Decline
IC – Individual Consideration
PP – Postpone
SBR – Select Benefit Rider
EBR – Exclusion Benefit Rider
APR – Additional Premium Rider
RFC– Rate For Cause
U – Uninsurable
AODM – Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus
BX – Biopsy
CA – Cancer
CABG – Heart Bypass Surgery (Coronary
Artery Bypass Graft)
CP – Chest Pain
CVA – Stroke (Cerebral Vascular Accident)
CXR – Chest X-ray
DX – Diagnosis
ER – Emergency Room
ETOH – Alcohol
FX – Fracture
HBP – High Blood Pressure
HTN – Hypertension
H/O – History Of
HT/WT – Height/weight
HOSP – Hospitalization
HX – History
IDDM – Insulin Dependent Diabetes Melitis
MI – Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
NIDDM – Diabetes With Diet Or Oral Meds
PTCA – Angioplasty - Percutaneous Transluminal
Coronary Angioplasty / Stent
RX – Medication
SX – Symptoms
SZ – Seizure
TIA – Mini Stroke (Transient Ischemic Attack)
TX – Treatment
12
COMMON MEDICATIONS AND THEIR USAGE
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
A.S.A. (Asprin)
Pain, fever
Avapro
Hypertension
Accupril
High Blood Pressure
Avonex
Multiple Sclerosis
Aciphex
GERD, peptic ulcers, dyspepsia
Axid
GERD, upper GI disorder
Aclovate
Skin disorders, dermatitis
Azmacort
Asthma
Actonel
Osteoporosis
AZT
AIDS
Acyclovir
Herpes Infection, AIDS
Azulfidine
Gastrointestinal/Colitis, Inflamed Bowel
Adalat
High Blood Pressure
Baclofen
Multiple sclerosis, spinal cord disorders
Adderall
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bactrim
Urinary Tract Infection/Antibiotic
Adipex
Obesity, Weight Control
Baycol
Lowers Cholesterol
Advair
Asthma, respiratory
Beclomethasone
Asthma
Aerobid
Asthma
BEclovent
Asthma
Albuterol
Asthma
Beconase Inhaler
Asthma, allergies
Aldactazide
High Blood Pressure
Belladonna
Rectal, bladder, urethral spasm
Aldomet
High Blood Pressure
Benadryl
Allergies, motion sickness
Aldoril
High Blood Pressure
Benemid
Gout/Hyperuricemia/Gouty Arthritis
Alesse
Anxiety, panic disorder, depression
Bentyl
Irritable bowel syndrome
Allopurinol
Gout
Benzac
Acne
Altace
Hypertension/Heart/Cardiovascular
Betaseron
Multiple Sclerosis
Alupent
Asthma
Betimol
Hypertension, angina, glaucoma
Amaryl
Diabetes Mellitus
Bextra
Arthritis, colon polyps, pain, dysmenorrhea
Ambien
Insomnia/Sleep Disorder
Biaxin
Antibiotic/Infectious Process
Amerge
Migraine Attack/Headaches
Bicillin
Infectious disorders
Amitriptyline
Anxiety/Depression
Blocadren
Myocardial infarction, angina
Amoxicillin
Antibiotic-many types of infections
Brethine
Asthma
Anafranil
OCD, depression
Buspar
Anxiety
Anaprox
Non Steroid Anti-Inflammatory, pain
Byetta
Diabetes
Anaspaz
Ulcer, irritable bowel, neurogenic bladder
Calan
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Ansamycin
HIV infection
Calcitonin
Osteoporosis, bone disease
Antabuse
Alcohol Abuse
Calcitriol
Hypoparathyroidism, renal failure
Antivert
Dizziness
Capoten
Hypertension
Apresoline
High Blood Pressure
Capozide
Hypertension
Arava
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Captopril
Hypertension
Aricept
Alzheimer’s Disease/Dementia
Carac
Skin disorder, keratoses, skin cancer
Arthrotec
Osteo & Rheumatoid Arthritis
Carafate
Ulcer
Asacol
Ulcerative Colitis & Proctitis
Cardizem
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Asprin (A.S.A.)
Pain, fever
Cardura
Hypertension
Atacand
Hypertension
Catapres
Hypertension
Atarax
Antihistamine/Depression/Sleep
Ceftin
Antibiotic/Infectious Process
Atenonol
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Cefzil
Antibiotic/Infectious Process
Ativan
Anxiety/Depression
Celebrex
Osteo/Rheumatoid Arthritis
Atromid
Lowers Cholesterol
Celecoxib
Osteo/Rheumatoid Arthritis
Atrovent
COPD, emphysema, bronchitis, allergies
Celestone
Dermatitis psoriasis, allergies, asthma
Avalide
Hypertension
Celexa
Depression
Avandia
Diabetes Mellitus/Hyperglycemia
Cephlasporin
Many infections, bronchitis, URI, sinusitis
13
COMMON MEDICATIONS AND THEIR USAGE CONTINUED
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
Chlorothiazide
Diuretic, edema, hypertension
Detrol
Urinary tract disorders, incontinence
Chlorpromazine
Psychotic Disorder/Nausea/Vomiting
Dexedrine
Attention Deficit Disorder/Narcolepsy
Cimitidine
Ulcer Disease/Gastrointestinal Reflux
Diabenese
Diabetes Mellitus
Cipro
Antibiotic, URI’s, UTI’s, PID, acne
Diabeta
Diabetes Mellitus
Claritin
Allergic Rhinitis/Chronic Urticaria
Diamox
Glaucoma, fluid retention
Cleocin
Antibiotic/Infectious Process
Diazapam
Tranquilizer
Clindamycin
Infectious disorders
Dibent
Urinary tract disorders, incontinence, IBS
Clinoril
Neuromuscular/Arthritis
Dicyclomine
IBS, gastrointestinal symptoms
Clofibrate
Lowers Cholesterol
Diflucan
Fungus Infections
Clomid
Infertility
Digoxin
Heart Disease/Cardiovascular
Clonazepam
Seizure & Panic disorder
Dilantin
Seizure/Convulsive disorder
Clonidine
Hypertension/Cardiovascular
Diovan
Hypertension
Cogentin
Parkinson’s Disease
Dipentium
Ulcerative colitis
Cognex
Alzheimer’s Disease
Diphenoxylate
Diarrhea
Colbenemid
Gout
Dipyridamole
Cardiovascular Disorder
Colchicine
Acute Gout/Chronic Gouty Arthritis
Disalcid
Pain, fever, arthritis
Compazine
Anxiety, nausea, vomiting
Disopyramide
Cardiovascular Disorder
Concerta
Attention Deficit Disorder
Ditropan
Urinary Urgency/Incontinence 
Contuss
Decongestant, cough, bronchitis, URI’s
Domperidone
Gastrointestinal disorder, gastritis
Copegus
Hepatitis C
Donnatal
Gastrointestinal/Ulcer
Corgard
Cardiovascular/High Blood Pressure
Doxepin
Antidepressant
Cortef
Adrenal insufficiency, dermatitis
Doxycycline
Antibiotic, URI’s, UTI’s, PID, acne
Cortisol
Adrenal disorder, Cushing’s Syndrome
Dramamine
Nausea, motion sickness, vertigo
Coumadin
Blood thinner, Stroke, Heart Disease
Duracef
Infectious disorders
Cozaar
Hypertension
Dur-a-gest
Congestion, URI’s
Cyclobenzaprine
Musculoskeletal -skeletal disorders, spasms
Dynacirc
Hypertension
Cylert
Attention Deficit Disorder
Effexor
Anxiety/Depression
Cystospaz
Ulcer, irritable bowel, neurogenic bladder
Efudex
Actinic Keratosis/Basal Cell/Skin Dis.
Cytomel
Thyroid Replacement
Elavil
Depression
Dalmane
Sleeping Aid/Hypnotic
Eligard
Prostate Cancer
Danocrine
Endometriosis/Severe Fibrocystic Breast
Elmiron
Bladder pain, interstitial cystitis
Daraprim
Malaria
Enbrel
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Darvocet
Moderate Pain Relief/Analgesic
Enduron
Diuretic
Daypro
Osteo and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Entex
Allergies, nasal congestion/sinusitis
DDAVP
Diabetes Insipidus, Enuresis
Erythromycin
Acne, pneumonia, gastroenteritis
Decadron (Steriod)
Musculoskeletal, respiratory
Esidrix
Hypertension/Diuretic
Deltasone
Arthritis, respiratory disorder, colitis
Eskalith
Manic Depression
Demerol
Pain Killer, analgesic
Estradiol
Menopause/Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Demulen
Contraceptive
Ethambutal
Tuberculosis
Depakene
Seizure/Convulsive disorder
Etrafon
Anxiety, depression
Depakote
Seizure/Convulsive disorder
Euthroid
Thyroid Disorders
Depo provera
Abnormal uterine bleeding, amenorrhea
Evista
Osteoporosis prevention
Desogen
Oral Contraceptive
Exelon
Alzheimer’s Disease/dementia
Desyrel
Depression/Sedative
Famcyclovir
Genital Herpes, zoster, shingles
14
COMMON MEDICATIONS AND THEIR USAGE CONTINUED
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
Famvir
Viral Infections/Herpes/AIDS
Inderal
Cardiovascular/HBP, Migraine
Feldene
Musculoskeletal/Pain
Indocin (NSAID)
Musculoskeletal
Fioricet
Analgesic/Pain
Indomethacin
Arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis
Fiorinal
Analgesic/Pain
Inspra
Hypertension
Flagyl
Vaginitis/Yeast Infection
Insulin
Diabetes Mellitus
Flexeril
Musculoskeletal Pain and disorders
Intal
Bronchitis/Asthma
Flovent
Asthma
Interferon
Hepatitis, cancer, liver disease
Floxin
Antibiotics/Infectious Disease
Isoniazide
Tuberculosis
Fluoroqunolones
Infections of bone, intestine, respiratory
Isoptin
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Fluoxetine
Depression, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia,
PMDD(Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder)
Isordil
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Isosorbide Dinitrate
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Flurouacil
Cancer, keratose, skin cancer
Keflex
Infection
Fosamax
Treatment or Preventive Osteoporosis
Keftabs
Antibiotic/Infectious process
Furosemide
Diuretic
Kefurox
Otitis media, respiratory infections
Glipizide
Diabetes Mellitus/Hyperglycemia
Kerlone
Hypertension
Glucophage
Diabetes Mellitus/Hyperglycemia
Ketoprophen
Osteo/Rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea pain
Glucotrol
Diabetes Mellitus/Hyperglycemia
Klonopin
Anxiety/Panic Disorders
Glyburide
Diabetes Mellitus/Hyperglycemia
Klotrix
Potassium Supplement
Guanethidine
High Blood Pressure
Lamisil
Fungus Infection
Habitro
Smoking Cessation
Lanoxin
Cardiovascular/Heart Disease
Halcion
Hypnotic/Sleeping Aid
Lasix
Diuretic, edema
Haldol
Psychosis
Lescol
Cholesterol, elevated lipids
Humbid
Respiratory Infection/Sinusitis/Bronchitis
Levaquin
Sinusitis, URI’s, UTI’s, skin infections
Humira
Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel
Levbid
Ulcer, IBS, neurogenic bladder
Humulin
Diabetes Mellitus
Levo Dopa
Parkinson’s Disease
Hycort
Skin disorders, ulcerative colitis, asthma
Levsin
Ulcer, IBS, neurogenic bladder
Hydralazine
Diuretic, hypertension
Levsinex
Ulcer, IBS, neurogenic bladder
Hydro-Chlorothiazide
Diuretic
Librax
Gastrointestinal
Hydrocodone
Analgesic, pain relief
Librium
Anxiety
Hydrodiuril
Diuretic
Lipitor
High Cholesterol/Elevated lipids
Hygroton
Hypertension/Urinary Retention
Lithium
Manic Depression
Hyosine
Motion sickness, nausea, gastrointestinal
Lodine
Pain, inflammation, arthritis
Hyrdocortisone
Adrenal insufficiency, dermatitis, ileitis
Lomotil
Diarrhea
Hytrin
Hypertension/Urinary Retention
Lopid
Hyperlipidemia
Hyzaar
Hypertension
Lopressor
Cardiovascular/High Blood Pressure
Ibuprophen
Arthritis, gout, fever, pain, headaches
Lorazepam
Anxiety/Depression
Iletin Insulin
Diabetes Mellitus
Lortrel
Diuretic/High Blood Pressure
Imipramine
Panic Disorders/Depression/Bed Wetting
Lovastin
Elevated lipids/Hyperlipidemia
Imitrex
Migraine Headaches
Lozol
Hypertension
Imodium
Diarrhea
Ludiomil
Anti-Depressant
Imuran
Rheumatoid arthritis, immune disorders, MS, Crohn’s disease
Lumigan
Glaucoma, ocular hypertension
Lupron
Endometriosis/Hormone Alteration/Infertility
Macrobid
UTI
Macrodantin
UTI
15
COMMON MEDICATIONS AND THEIR USAGE CONTINUED
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
Mavik
Hypertension, heart disease, angina
Nitro-Dur
Cardiovascular Heart Disease
Maxair
Asthma
Nitroglycerine
Cardiovascular/Heart Disease/Angina
Maxitrtol
Eye Disease/Glaucoma
Norethindrone
Amenorrhea, endometriosis, abnormal uterine bleeding
Maxolon
Nausea and vomiting, GERD
Norinyl
Hormone/Contraceptive
Maxzide
High Blood Pressure/Diuretic
Normodyne
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Meclizine
Dizziness/Vertigo
Norpace
Anti-Arrhythmic/Hypertension
Meclomen (NSAID)
Musculoskeletal
Nortriptyline
Anxiety
Medrol
Asthma/Arthritis/Allergies/Colitis
Norvasc
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Medroxyprogesterone
Abnormal uterine bleeding, amenorrhea, menopause
NPH Insulin
Diabetes Mellitus
Mellaril
Anti-Psychotic
Ocufen
Arthritis, eye inflammation
Meridia
Weight loss/Diet Control
Olanzapine
Psychotic Disorders
Mesalamine
Ulcerative colitis
Orasone
Arthritis, respiratory disorders, allergies
Methotrexate
Cancer/Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis
Orinase
Diabetes Mellitus
Methyldopa
High Blood Pressure
Ortho-Cyclen
Birth Control
Meticorten
Arthritis, respiratory disorders, allergies, colitis
Ortho-Novum
Hormone/Birth Control
MetroGel
Skin infections, vaginosis, Crohn’s Disease, colitis
Orudis
Arthritis, dysmenorrhea, pain
Mevacor
Lowers cholesterol, hyperlipidemia
Oruvail
Rheumatoid/Osteoarthritis
Miacalcin
Osteoporosis
Pamelor
Anxiety
Micronar
Amenorrhea, endometriosis, abnormal uterine bleeding
Parlodel
Hormone/Cocaine Abuse/Infertility
Micronase
Diabetes Mellitus
Paxil
Anxiety/Panic Disorders
Minipress
High Blood Pressure
Penicillin
Mobic
Osteoarthritis
Many types of infections, tonsillitis, otitis, cystitis,
gonorrhea, botulism
Moduretic
Diuretic, edema
Pentasa
Ulcerative colitis
Monopril
Hypertension
Pepcid
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Mycoleutin
HIV infection
Percocet
Moderate Pain Relief
Myochrysine
Rheumatoid & psoriatic arthritis, pemphigus
Percodan
Pain Killer/Analgesic
Mysoline
Anti-Convulsant, seizure disorder
Peri-Colace
Gastrointestinal
Nadolol
Cardiovascular Disorder
Permax
Parkinson’s Disease
Naldecon
Antihistamine/Allergies
Persantine
Anti-Angina/Heart Disease/Vascular Disorder
Naprelan
Arthritis, pain, headache, fever
Phenergan
Allergy/Nausea/Vomiting/Sedation
Naprosyn (NSAID)
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Phenobarbitol
Convulsions/Seizures/Sedation
Naproxen
Inflammation, arthritis, gout, bursitis
Piperacillin
Skin infections, respiratory infections
Nasacort
Allergic Rhinitis
Pitressin
Diabetes insipidus
Nasalide
Allergies
Plaquenil
Lupus Erythematosus/Rheumatoid arthritis
Neoral
Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, tissue rejection
Plavix
Atherosclerosis/Stroke/Myocardial infarction
Neptazane
Glaucoma
Plendil
Hypertension
Neurontin
Seizure/Convulsion Disorder
Podophyllin
Genital Warts
Gastrointestinal disorders, GERD, esophagitis,
duodenal ulcer, H-pylori
Pravachol
Cholesterol/Atherosclerosis/Lipidemia
Precose
Diabetes Mellitus
Nifedipine
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Prednisone (Steriod)
Respiratory/Musculoskeletal/Colitis
Nitro-Bid
Cardiovascular Disorder
Prelone (Steriod)
Allergies/Breathing disorders
Nexium
16
COMMON MEDICATIONS AND THEIR USAGE CONTINUED
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
Premarin
Hormone
Roferon
Hepatitis, cancer, liver disease, sarcoma
Prevacid
Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders
Rowasa
Ulcerative Colitis/Proctosigmoiditis
Prilosec
Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders
Rufen (NSAID)
Musculoskeletal
Prilosec
Ulcer disease, GERD, esophagitis
Salflex
Pain, fever, arthritis
Prinivil
Hypertension
Sarafem
Depression, panic disorders, OCD, PMDD, bulimia
Prinizide
Hypertension
Scopolomine
Motion sickness, nausea, gastrointestinal disorders
Probenecid
Arthritis, gout, hyperuricemia
Sectrol
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Procan
Anti-Arrhythmic/Heart Disease
Seldane
Antihistamine, allergies
Procardia
Cardiovascular/High Blood Pressure
Septrra
Infectious Process/Otitis, UTI
Progesterone
Hormone male/female disorders
Serevent
Asthma/Respiratory Disorders
Proloprim
Urinary Tract infections, bronchitis
Serzone
Depression/Mental Disorders
Promethazine
Motion sickness, nausea, dizziness, sedation
Sinemet
Parkinson’s Disease
Propranolol
Cardiovascular/Hypertension
Sinequan
Anti-Depressant/Mental Disorders
Propulcid
Upper Gastrointestinal Disorder
Singulair
Asthma
Propylthiouricil
Thyroid Disorder
Skelaxin
Musculoskeletal Pain
Proscar
Prostate Disorder
Slo-Bid
Asthma/Bronchitis
Protonix
Esophagitis, GERD, heartburn
SOMA (compound)
Musculoskeletal Pain/Spasm/Arthritis
Proventil
Asthma, Bronchitis
Sonata
Insomnia/Sleep Disorder
Provera
Hormone Replacement
Spironolactone
Diuretic, edema, hypertension
Provigil
Multiple Sclerosis, narcolepsy
Stelazine
Anti-Psychotic, psychosis
Prozac
Anti-Depressant
Sular
Hypertension
Questran
Lowers cholesterol, hyperlipidemia
Sulfamethoxazole
Infectious process/Urinary/Ear/Colon
Quiafenex
Expectorant, URI’s, bronchitis, lung disorders
Sulfapyridine
Ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis
Quidtix
URI, sinusitis
Sulfasalazine
Ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis
Quinidine
Anti-Arrhythmic, heart disorder
Sulfisoxazole
Otitis media, respiratory infections, pelvic inflammation
Ramipril
HBP/Heart Failure/Heart attack/Stroke
Sulindac
Musculoskeletal=teal disorders
Recaltrol
Parathyroid Disease
Symmetrel
Parkinson’s Disease, viral disease
Reglan
Gastrointestinal Disorders, GERD, nausea
Synthroid
Thyroid Disorder
Regroton
High Blood Pressure
Tagamet
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Relafen
Rheumatoid arthritis
Tarka
Hypertension
Relpax
Migraine headaches
Tavist
Respiratory disorders
Remeron
Depression/Mental Disorders
Tegretol
Seizure disorder, convulsions
Remicade
Crohn’s Disease, rheumatoid arthritis
Tenex
Hypertension
Respiradol
Psychotic Disorders
Tenorectic
Hypertension
Restasis
Dry eye syndrome
Tenormin
Hypertension
Restoril
Sedative/Hypnotic, sleep disorder
Tequin
Infections
Rhinocort
Allergic Rhinitis
Testosterone
Hormone deficiency
Rhythmid
Atrial fibrillation/Tachycardia/Cardiac Arrhythmia
Tetracycline
Infection, acne
Ridural
Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis
Theobid
Respiratory disorders
Rifabutin
HIV infection
Theo-Dur
Respiratory disorders
Ritalin
Attention Deficit Disorder
Thorazine
Psychosis, mental disorders
Rocaltrtol
Hypoparathyroidism, renal failure
Ticlid
Stroke, TIA (transient ischemic attack)
Rocephin
Infections, URI’s, UTI’s, bone & joint
Tigan
Nausea and vomiting
Rofecoxib
Osteoarthritis/Dysmenorrhea
Timoptic
Glaucoma, ocular hypertension
17
COMMON MEDICATIONS AND THEIR USAGE CONTINUED
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
COMMON
MEDICATION
USAGE
Tofranil
Enuresis, depression
Ziac
Hypertension
Tolectin (NSAID)
Musculoskeletal disorders
Zithornax
Infectious disorders
Tolinase
Diabetes Mellitus
Zithromycin
Infectious disorders
Tramadol
Pain
Zocor
Hyperlipidemia
Tranxene
Anxiety disorders
Zoloft
Mental/nervous disorders/depression
Travatan
Glaucoma, ocular hypertension
Zomig
Migraine and vascular headaches
Trazadone
Depression, insomnia
Zostrix
Arthritis, post herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy
Trental
PVD (Peripheral Vascular Disease)
Zovirax
Herpes Zoster
Triamcinolone
Arthritis, asthma, allergy, dermatitis
Zyloprim
Gout/gouty arthritis
Triamterene
Hypertension, fluid retention
Zyprexia
Psychosis
Trichloroacetic Acid
Warts and callous tissue removal
Zyrtec
Allergic Rhinitis/allergies/urticaria
Trimpex
Infectious processes
Trinalin
Respiratory disorders
Ultram
Pain
Unipres
Hypertension
Univasc
Hypertension
Urex
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Urispaz
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection), incontinence
Valium
Anxiety, tension
Valtrex
Genital herpes, herpes zoster, shingles
Vanceril
Respiratory disorders
Vantin
Infectious processes
Vasopressin
Diabetes Insipidus
Vasotec
Hypertension
Ventolin
Respiratory disorders
Verapamil
Hypertension
Viadur
Prostate cancer
Viagra
Impotence
Vicodin
Pain
Vioxx
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Musculoskeletal disorders
Visken
Hypertension
Vistaril
Nausea, anxiety
Vivactil
Depression
Warfarin
Anticoagulant, Blood clots, stroke, heart disease
Wellbutrin
Mental/nervous disorders
Wygesic
Pain
Wytensin
Hypertension
Xalatan
Glaucoma, ocular hypertension
Xanax
Anxiety/manic disorders
Zantac
Gastrointestinal disorders
Zarosolyn
Hypertension, fluid retention
Zebeta
Hypertension
Zestril
Hypertension
Zetia
Hyperlipidemia
18
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune
response of the body against substances and tissues normally
present in the body. In other words, the body attacks its own
cells. Today there are more than 40 human diseases classified
as either definite or probable autoimmune diseases, and they
affect 5% to 7% of the population. Almost all autoimmune
diseases appear without warning or apparent cause, and most
patients suffer from fatigue.
The causes of autoimmune diseases are still obscure: Some are
thought to be either examples of or precipitated by diseases of
affluence. For example, arthritis and obesity are acknowledged
to be related, and the World Health Organization states
that arthritis is most common in developed countries. Most
autoimmune diseases are probably the result of multiple
circumstances, for example, a genetic predisposition triggered
by an infection.
Women tend to be affected more often by autoimmune
disorders; nearly 79% of autoimmune disease patients in the
USA are women. Also they tend to appear during or shortly
after puberty. It is not known why this is the case, although
hormone levels have been shown to affect the severity of
some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Other
causes may include the presence of fetal cells in the maternal
bloodstream.
DISEASES WITH A COMPLETE OR PARTIAL
AUTOIMMUNE ETIOLOGY:
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis – (ADEM) is
a form of encephalitis caused by an autoimmune
reaction and typically occurring a few days or
weeks after a viral infection or a vaccination.
Addison’s Disease – often caused by autoimmune
destruction of the adrenal cortex.
Ankylosing Spondylitis – chronic, painful, progressive
inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting spine and
sacroiliac joints, causing eventual fusion of the spine.
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome – (APS)
affects the blood-clotting process. It causes
blood clots to form in veins and/or arteries.
Aplastic Anemia – often caused by an
autoimmune attack on the bone marrow.
Autoimmune Hepatitis – a disorder wherein the liver is
the target of the body’s own autoimmune system.
Celiac Disease – a disease characterized by chronic
inflammation of the proximal portion of the small intestine
caused by exposure to certain dietary gluten proteins.
Crohn’s Disease – a form of inflammatory bowel
disease characterized by chronic inflammation
of the intestinal tract. Major symptoms
include abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Diabetes Mellitus – (type 1) is the result of an autoimmune
attack on the islet cells of the pancreas.
Goodpasture’s Syndrome – a disease characterized by
rapid destruction of the kidneys and hemorrhaging
of the lungs through autoimmune reaction
against an antigen found in both organs.
Graves’ Disease – the most common form of
hyperthyroidism, and is caused by anti-thyroid
antibodies that have the effect of stimulating the
thyroid into overproduction of thyroid hormone.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome – (GBS) is an acquired
immune‑mediated inflammatory disorder of
the peripheral nervous system (i.e., not the
brain and spinal column). It is also called acute
inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute
idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis, acute idiopathic
polyneuritis and Landry’s ascending paralysis.
Hashimoto’s Disease – a common form of hypothyroidism,
characterized by initial inflammation of the thyroid,
and, later, dysfunction and goiter. There are several
characteristic antibodies (e.g., anti-thyroglobulin).
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura – an autoimmune
disease where the body produces anti-platelet
antibodies resulting in a low platelet count
19
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES CONTINUED
Lupus Erythematosus – a chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune
disease wherein the immune system, for unknown reasons,
becomes hyperactive and attacks normal tissue. This attack
results in inflammation and brings about symptoms. This
is a “Non-organ-specific” type of autoimmune disease.
Takayasu’s Arteritis – a disorder that results in
the narrowing of the lumen of arteries.
Temporal Arteritis – (also known as “giant cell arteritis”)
is an inflammation of blood vessels, most commonly
the large and medium arteries of the head. Untreated,
the disorder can lead to significant vision loss.
Multiple Sclerosis – a disorder of the central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord) characterized by decreased nerve
function due to myelin loss and secondary axonal damage.
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia – a disorder
characterized by IgM attack against red blood cells.
Myasthenia Gravis – a disorder of neuromuscular
transmission leading to fluctuating weakness and fatigue.
Weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block
acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
Wegener’s Granulomatosis – a form of vasculitis that
affects the lungs, kidneys and other organs.
Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome – (OMS) is a
neurological disorder that appears to the result of an
autoimmune attack on the nervous system. Symptoms
include opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, intention
tremor, dysphasia, dysarthria, mutism, hypotonia,
lethargy, irritability or malaise. About half of all OMS
cases occur in association with neuroblastoma.
Optic Neuritis – an inflammation of the optic nerve that
may cause a complete or partial loss of vision.
Ord’s Thyroiditis – a thyroiditis similar to Hashimoto’s
disease, except that the thyroid is reduced in size.
In Europe, this form of thyroid inflammation is
more common than Hashimoto’s disease.
Pemphigus – an autoimmune disorder that causes blistering
and raw sores on skin and mucous membranes.
Polyarthritis – is any type of arthritis which involves
five or more joints, and inflammation of two, three
or four joints is oligoarthritis. Polyarthritis is most
often caused by an auto-immune disorder such as
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Lupus
Erythematosus but can also be caused by infection.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis – appears to be an autoimmune
disease that affects the biliary epithelial cells (BECs)
of the small bile duct in the liver. Although the cause
is yet to be determined, most of the patients (>90%)
appear to have auto-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
against pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC),
an enzyme that is found in the mitochondria.
Psoriasis – a skin disorder in which rapidly-multiplying skin
cells produce itchy, scaly inflamed patches on the skin.
Rheumatoid Arthritis – an autoimmune disorder that causes
the body’s immune system to attack the bone joints.
Reiter’s Syndrome – seems to be an autoimmune attack on
various body systems in response to a bacterial infection
and the body’s confusion over the HLA-B27 marker
Sjögren’s Syndrome – an autoimmune disorder
in which immune cells attack and destroy the
exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
20
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES CONTINUED
DISEASES SUSPECTED TO BE LINKED TO
AUTOIMMUNITY ARE:
Scleroderma – a chronic disease characterized by
excessive deposits of collagen. Progressive systemic
scleroderma, the serious type of the disease, can be
fatal. The local type of the disease is not serious.
Alopecia Universalis – a suspected autoimmune
disease in which the body’s white blood cells
attack hair and result in total baldness.
Ulcerative Colitis – an inflammatory disease of the
bowel that usually affects the distal end of the large
intestine and rectum. It has no known cause, although
there is a genetic component to susceptibility. Some
medical authorities (such as the UK’s National Blood
Donation Service which refuses donations from Colitis
sufferers) class Colitis as an Autoimmune disease.
Behçet’s Disease – exact cause is unknown in this
multi-system condition, where the immune system,
predominantly overactive, produces inflammation
in bodily tissues, primarily causing vasculitis
Chagas’ Disease – in the chronic phase is believed to
result from homology of a T. Cruzi antigen to body
tissue, resulting in a delayed autoimmune reaction
leading to chagasic cardiopathy (cardiomegaly),
volvulus or constipation, and ultimately death.
Vitiligo – the spontaneous loss of pigment from
areas of skin. The pigment-free areas have few
or no melanocyte. Researchers have detected
anti‑melanocyte antibodies in some cases of vitiligo,
so it seems likely that at least some instances of this
condition are the result of autoimmune problems.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – a disorder whose primary
symptom is usually intense fatigue. Though the
syndrome likely has multiple causes, some maintain
that autoimmune damage to the brain stem is the
principal mechanism in a significant subset of cases.
Vulvodynia – used to describe pain in the vulva, often severe,
of unknown cause. “Vulvar vestibulitis” is a related term.
Dysautonomia – a malfunction of the autonomic
nervous system, including such disorders as postural
orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Though
dysautonomia appears to have multiple causes, post-viral
autoimmune damage appears to be a frequent cause.
Endometriosis – a common medical condition wherein
the tissue lining the uterus (endometrium) is found
outside of the uterus, typically affecting other organs
in the pelvis. The condition can lead to serious
health problems, primarily pain and infertility.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa – a rare skin disease in which
apocrine sweat glands become severely inflamed.
Researches have found an improvement in case
studies with Remicade and other biologics.
Interstitial Cystitis – a urinary bladder disease
characterized by any of the following symptoms,
though symptoms vary greatly from patient to
patient: pelvic pain, urinary frequency (as often
as every 30 minutes, or even fewer), urgency, pain
with sexual intercourse, and pain with urination.
Neuromyotonia – spontaneous muscular activity
resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials
of peripheral origin. It develops as a result of both
acquired and hereditary diseases. The acquired
form is more frequent and is usually caused by
antibodies against neuromuscular junction.
Psoriasis – A skin disorder in which rapidly-multiplying skin
cells produce itchy, scaly inflamed patches on the skin.
Sarcoidosis – a disease wherein granulomas can form
anywhere in the body but particularly in the lungs.
21
PREMALIGNANT CONDITIONS AND CANCER DRUGS
A premalignant condition is a disease, syndrome, or finding that, if left untreated, may lead to cancer. A premalignant
or precancerous lesion is an abnormality in a tissue area, which is just a step away from cancer. Not all premalignant
lesions change to cancer, but most have greater potential for doing so than normal tissues. There are many varieties of
premalignant conditions and/or lesions, some of which are listed below:
PREMALIGNANT CONDITIONS
ANTI-NEOPLASTICS (CANCER DRUGS)
AIDS
Alkeran® Tablet
Actinic or solar keratosis
Arimidex® Tablet
Atypical cell
Aromasin® Tablet
Atypical hyperplasia
Casodex® Tablet
Atypical meningioma
Ceenu® Capsule
Atypical regeneration
Cytoxan® Tablet
Barrett’s esophagus
Droxia® Capsule
Bowen’s disease
Emcyt® Capsule
Chemical and other keratoses
Fareston® Tablet
Colon Adenoma
Femara® Tablet
Condylomata Acuminatum
Gleevec® Tablet, Capsule
Cutaneous horn
Hexalen® Capsule
Dysplasia
Leukeran® Tablet
Dysplasia
Lysodren® Tablet
Gastric Polyp
Matulane® Capsule
Inflammatory atypia
Mesnex® Tablet
In situ cancer
Myleran® Tablet
Keratoacanthoma
Nolvadex® Tablet
Leukoplakia
Purinethol® Tablet
Myelodysplasia
Tarceva® Tablet
Paget’s Disease of Bone
Temodar® Capsule
Papillary transitional cell carcinoma in situ
Thioguanine® Tablet
Premalignant
Vesanoid® Capsule
Preneoplastic state
Xeloda® Tablet
Radiation dermatitis
Cyclophosphamide Tablet (Cytoxan®)
Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts
Etoposide Capsule (Toposar®, Vepesid®)
Squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix (cervical dysplasia)
Flutamide Capsule (Eulexin®)
Tubular adenoma of colon (colon adenoma)
Hydroxyurea Capsule (Hydrea®)
Ulcerative colitis
Leucovorin Tablet (Wellcovorin®)
Megestrol Tablet, Syrup (Megace®)
Tamoxifen Tablet (Nolvadex®)
22
PREMALIGNANT LESIONS
Erythroplasia of Queyrat – a dark red, velvety, flat or
slightly raised hard patch on the glans penis (the
bulbous tip of the penis) or on the inner side of the
prepuce (the retractile top skin of the penis). It may
at times produce a discharge and become painful.
1.
A premalignant or precancerous lesion
is an abnormality in a tissue area which
is just a step away form cancer.
2. Not all premalignant lesions change to
cancer, but most have greater potential
for doing so than normal tissues.
3. There are many varieties of premalignant
lesions, but the most important one, especially
for the Indian populace, is leukoplakia
Other Premalignant Terms:
1. Squamous Dysplasia Of The Uterine
Cervix (Cervical Dysplasia)
2. Tubular Adenoma Of Colon (Colon Adenoma)
3. Barrett’s Esophagus
4. Actinic Keratosis
5. Ulcerative Colitis
Other premalignant lesions, although important in
their own way, are not so dominating as leukoplakia.
SOME PRECANCEROUS LESIONS:
Acquired Small Or Microscopic Precancers
1. HGSIL (High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial
Lesion Of Uterine Cervix)
2. AIN (Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
3. Dysplasia Of Vocal Cord
4. Aberrant Crypts (Of Colon)
5. PIN (Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
Actinic or Solar Keratosis – These are common asymptotic
lesions seen mostly on sun exposed areas of light skinned
people. They are especially seen in those who ‘burn’
easily or tan poorly. Commonly seen on the back of the
hands, the face, upper chest, upper back and lower lip.
Chemical and other Keratoses – Skin lesions caused
by exposure to arsenic, tar, polycyclic hydrocarbons,
infrared radiation for a prolonged period at the work
place (thermal keratosis) and scar keratosis, when a
long standing scar develops a malignant potential.
Acquired Large Lesions with Nuclear Atypia
1. Tubular Adenoma
2. AILD (Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
with Dysproteinemia)
3. Atypical Meningioma
4. Gastric Polyp
5. Large Plaque Parapsoriasis
6. Myelodysplasia
7. Papillary Transitional Cell Carcinoma In Situ
8. Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts
9. Schneiderian Papilloma
Large Cell Acanthoma – Usually single, but maybe multiple
as well, usually on sun exposed skin in fair people. Rare.
Chondrodermatitis Nodular Helicis – Usually
seen in elderly people; they are tender, inflamed,
scaly, reddish, slightly raised lesions.
Cutaneous Horn – A hard, raised nodule with a reddish base,
usually seen in sun exposed areas in pale persons.
Precursor Lesions – Occurring with inherited
hyperplastic syndromes that progress to cancer
1. Atypical Mole Syndrome
2. C Cell Adenomatosis
3. MEA
Radiation Dermatitis – Skin damage due to exposure to
X–rays or other sources of radiation, either occupational
or accidental or due to treatment by radiotherapy.
The skin is dry, scaly, reddish, thin and discolored.
Bowen’s Disease – This is actually a cancer located
totally within the top layer of the skin called
the epidermis, and favors the sun exposed
areas of the face, neck and extremities.
Acquired Diffuse Hyperplasias and Diffuse Metaplasias
1. AIDS
2. Atypical Lymphoid Hyperplasia
3. Paget’s Disease Of Bone
4. Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease
5. Ulcerative Colitis
Sebaceous Naevi – They are present at birth or
appear soon afterward, usually on the scalp.
Super Class and Modifiers
1. Atypia
2. Atypical Cell
3. Atypical Hyperplasia
4. Atypical Regeneration
5. Dysplasia
6. Dysplastic
7. In Situ Cancer
8. Inflammatory Atypia
9. Mild Dysplasia
10. Premalignant
11. Preneoplastic State
Parakeratosis – Describes a wide variety of skin disorders.
Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus – Appear as flesh
colored skin tags hanging from the back.
Keratoacanthoma – A rapidly growing, red, raised lesion on
the sun exposed areas of middle aged and elderly people.
Condylomata Acuminatum – A virus induced
lesion in the genitals, which appears as sharp
pointed red, small finger like projections, either
stuck at the base or suspended by a stalk.
Buschke – Lowenstein’s tumor – a giant variety
of condylomata acuminatum.
23
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDERS (PVD)
Peripheral Vascular Disease – (PVD) Also known as Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) or Arteriosclerosis Obliterans is primarily the
result of atherosclerosis. The atheroma consists of a core of cholesterol joined to proteins with a fibrous intravascular covering.
The atherosclerotic process gradually may progress to complete occlusion of medium and large arteries. The disease typically is
segmental, with significant variations from patient to patient.
ALSO CALLED:
COMMON DRUGS FOR PVD:
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Abciximab-Injection
Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease
Reopro
Intermittent Claudication
Cerivastatin
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Baycol
Occlusive Arterial Disease
Colesevelam
Arterial Occlusion
Welchol
Peripheral Arterial Occlusion
Cyclandelate-Oral
Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Cyclospasmol
Vasospastic
(Raynauld’s Phenomonon and Disease, Acrocyanosis)
Ezetimibe and Simvastatin
Vasodilatory
(Erythromelalgia)
Pentoxifylline
Vytorin
Trental
Ticlopidine
Ticlid
Warfarin
Coumadin
What is Warfarin? – Warfarin is an anticoagulant (blood
thinner). Warfarin reduces the formation of blood
clots, which is important in the prevention of heart
attacks, strokes, and blockage of major veins and
arteries. Warfarin may also be used for purposes other
than those listed here.
Intermittent Claudication – Pain while walking that
abates during rest is the most common symptom. Other
symptoms include numbness or weakness in the legs,
aching pain in the feet or toes while at rest, non-healing
ulcers on the leg or foot, cold legs or feet and skin color
changes of the legs or feet (particularly dependent
redness). Some patients, however, are asymptomatic.
24