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Name _________________________ Test Date _________ Signature __________________ Science SOL 4.8 Earth Patterns, Cycles, and Changes Let us introduce ourselves: Term Description Illustration I am an averaged-sized yellow star. Sun I am made of hot gases. Mainly hydrogen and helium. I am about 110 times the diameter of the Earth. I am about 4.6 billion years old! I am an active planet with a surface of land and water that is constantly changing. Earth I have lots of water and an oxygen-rich atmosphere. My atmosphere protects me from the sun’s damaging rays. I am a small dusty, rocky satellite. I am about ¼ the diameter of the Earth and 1/8 its Moon mass. I have no atmosphere, no water, and no life. I have no light. The light you see is from the sun. Vocabulary: 1. revolution – the motion of an object in space around another object. 2. rotate – an object in space spinning. 3. axis – imaginary line through the Earth extending from the North Pole through the South Pole 4. axial tilt – tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation….. looks like this / More about the Earth: Earth is 1 of 8 planets revolving around the Sun comprising the solar system. It is the 3rd planet from the sun and 1 of 4 rocky inner planets. Earth completes 1 revolution around the sun every 365 days. The moon revolves around Earth about once every month. Due to the Earth’s axial tilt, the Earth experiences seasons during its revolution around the sun. When the Northern Hemisphere has summer the Southern Hemisphere has winter. When the North has fall the South has spring. They have the opposing seasons. Moon Phases: The moon phases are caused by its position relative to the Earth and the sun. The phases of the moon include the new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. Think Karate Kid – Wax On , Wane Off How do we know all this?? Well…. Our understanding of the solar system has changed from an Earth-centered model to the suncentered model. The Earth-centered model was believed to be true by astronomers Aristotle and Ptolemy. The sun-centered model was believed to be true by astronomers Copernicus and Galileo. With further study and research the sun-centered model was proven correct. Our understanding of the sun, moon, and the solar system continues to change with new scientific discoveries. The NASA Apollo missions added a great deal to our understanding of the moon.