Download Genetics Test Review

Genetics Test Review
W ord Review
A.
One dominant gene and one recessive gene is present in the
genotype (Rr)
B.
Diagram used to determine possible genotype and phenotype
probabilities from crossing parent gene combinations
___ 3. Genotype
C.
A trait that is expressed if paired with another dominant gene (TT)
or with a recessive gene (Tt)
___ 4. Phenotype
D.
The physical (visible) expression of a trait resulting from the
combination of genes
E.
When both dominant or recessive genes are present (RR or rr)
___ 6. Heterozygous (Hybrid)
F.
A trait which is masked unless it is paired with another recessive
gene (tt)
___ 7. Punnett square
G.
Actual gene combinations which would be found on chromosomes
___ 8. Mitosis
H.
The study of heredity
___ 9. Genetics
I.
Molecule that has the blueprint for constructing proteins.
___ 10. DNA
J.
Cell division which makes more body cells
___ 1. Dominant Trait
___ 2. Recessive Trait
___ 5. Homozygous (Purebred)
Review of Genotypes and Phenotypes (Use the word bank to the right)
11. Purebred – also called ______________________ and consists of gene pairs that are
the (same/different) _________________.
12. Hybrid – also called ________________________ and consists of gene pairs with
genes that are (the same/different) ___________________.
13. Genotype is the actual _______________ makeup represented by _______________.
14. Phenotype is the ___________________ appearance of a trait, such as a __________
eye color.
Word bank
Letters
physical
the same
different
homozygous
blue
heterozygous
genetic
Genotype and Phenotype Practice Problem s
15. Yellow flowers (Y) are dominant to white flowers (y). What are the genotypes and phenotypes for the
following?
Genotype (letters)
Phenotype (what you see)
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous
16. What percentage of the offspring of a cross between a purebred for yellow flowers and one that is purebred for
white flowers would you expect to have yellow flowers? Yellow is the dominant trait.
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%
1 17. Tall plants (T) are dominant to short plants (t). What are the genotypes and phenotypes for the following?
Genotype
Phenotype
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous
18. If you crossed a hybrid plant with a purebred short plant, what percentage of the offspring would you expect to
be short plants? (Tall is completely dominant.)
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%
DNA
19. According to the pairing rule, the nitrogen base cytosine always pairs with what?
a. Adenine
b. Guanine
c. Thymine
d. Uracil
20. According to the pairing rule, the nitrogen base thymine always pairs with what?
a. Cytosine
b. Guanine
c. Adenine
d. Another thymine
21. If there was a mismatch in the nitrogen bases and the pairing rule was not followed, the DNA would have a
a. party
b. mutation
c. confusing code that would be difficult to understand
d. none of the above
22. What would the opposite strand of DNA be if the original order of nitrogen bases was the following:
GATCTGTAA
a. CTAGACATT
b. GATCTGTAA
c. ATAGAGACG
d. CATCATCAT
Incom plete Dom inance
In Gorplex aliens, B is dominant for blue skin and Y is recessive for yellow skin. Hybrids (BY) tend to show an
incomplete dominant trait of green skin.
23. Using a punnett square, show the cross of two green-skinned aliens.
24. If 60 offspring are produced, how many (number) show each of the following:
a) Blue-skinned: ______
b) Yellow-skinned: _______
c) Green-skinned: _______
d) Dominant trait: _______
e) Recessive trait: ______
f) Incomplete dominant trait (hybrid): ______
2 Figure 1
M itosis Review
Use Figure 1 to answer questions 1-4.
25. Phase:
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Interphase
d. Anaphase
26. What is happening in this phase?
a. The chromosomes double
b. The nuclear membrane disappears
c. The chromosomes condense
d. The chromosomes are pulled toward the spindle fibers
27. What is the name of structure “A”? (Hint: You can only see it in this phase)
a. Chromatin
b. Nucleus
c. Nucleolus
d. Nuclear membrane
28. What are the dots inside of the nucleus called?
a. Chromatin
b. Nucleus
c. Nucleolus
d. Nuclear membrane
Use Figure 2 to answer questions 5-7.
29. Phase:
a. Metaphase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase 30. Which of the following happens during this phase?
a. The chromosomes double
b. The nuclear membrane disappears
c. The chromosomes disappear
d. The chromosomes are pulled toward the spindle fibers
31. What happens with the chromosomes during this phase?
a. The chromosomes double
b. The nuclear membrane disappears
c. The chromosomes condense
d. The chromosomes are pulled toward the spindle fibers
A
Figure 2
Use Figure 3 to answer questions 8-10.
32. Phase:
a. Anaphase
Figure 3
b. Metaphase
c. Interphase
d. Telophase
33. What is the cell membrane doing in this phase?
a. Pinching
b. Being silly to make the cell look like a mask
c. Growing
d. Separating
34. What reappears in this phase? (HINT: This started disappearing in Prophase)
a. Cell membrane
b. Nuclear membrane
c. Chromosomes
d. Cytoplasm
3 35. The chromosomes are pulled toward the spindle fibers (they are pulled apart) during what phase?
a. Telophase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Metaphase
36. The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during what phase?
a. Telophase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Metaphase
37. What is the name of the structures that appear during metaphase and continue to be present during
anaphase? (HINT: They are present on opposite sides of the cell.)
a. Nucleolus
b. Spindle fibers
c. Cell membrane
d. Chromosomes
38. The cells in the pictures are in different phases of the cell cycle, and each is labeled with a letter. Complete
the table below using the pictures and your other knowledge. The 1st phase that happens is completed for
you as an example.
Order
Letter
1st
D
Name of
phase
Interphase
What key things help identify
the phase?
(You can also include other
info you know about the
phase.)
I can see the nucleolus and the
chromatin.
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
4