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Ch 10 Genetics ~ Study Guide Ch 10 ~ Mendel & Meiosis Name ___________________________ Period _______ Date ______________ p. 252 - 279 1. Who was the scientist who experimented with pea plants to determine how traits are passed down from one generation to the next? _________________________ 2. What do we draw to predict the possible offspring of crosses between different genotypes? ______________________________ 3. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? __________ 4. The 23rd pair of chromosomes differ in males and females. What do we call this pair? _____________________ 5. What genotype is male? _______ What genotype is female? ______ 6. Any time parents reproduce, what is the chance that the child will be a girl? __________ 7. Draw a Punnett Square to determine probability X Y X X 8. What is a gene? __________________________________________________ 9. Genes located on homologous chromosomes may have alternate forms that control different forms of a trait. What are these alternate forms of a gene are called? __________________________________ 10. Cells containing one allele for each trait are called ____________cells 11. Cells containing two alleles for each trait are called _____________ cells. 12. What are gametes? ________________________________________________ 13. Define heterozygous _______________________________________________ 14. Define homozygous ________________________________________________ 1 15. Define genotype _________________________________________________ 16. Define phenotype ________________________________________________ 17. For a recessive trait to show up or be expressed, how many recessive alleles does an organism need for that trait? ____ 18. A male black Labrador retriever is heterozygous dominant for fur color with yellow fur being recessive. What is the above dog’s genotype? __________ phenotype? _______________ 19. If this male mates with a female homozygous yellow lab, what is the probability of having yellow lab puppies? ________% What is the ratio of black to yellow? ___ black: ___ yellow or __ : __ B b b b Draw a Punnett Square to determine probability 20. What if he mates with another black heterozygous female…now what is the probability of having yellow furred pups? _________% Draw a Punnett Square to determine probability 21. Cells that produce body cells undergo a form of cell division called ____________. 22. Cells that produce gametes undergo a form of cell division called ______________. 23. At the end of this process, diploid cells become _________________ cells. 24. They now have ___________ the number of chromosomes as the diploid cells. 25. What is Meiosis? _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2 _________________________________________________________________ 26. How does it differ from mitosis? ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 27. What does “crossing over” result in? __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 28. What is non-disjunction? ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3