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SKELETAL SYSTEM Pages 911-916 FUNCTIONS •Bones support and protect organs and muscles •Gives shape and structure •Store minerals •Produce blood cells •Bones are a type of connective tissue: live cells surrounded by extracellular nonliving tissue SKELETON •Axial: the skull, face, vertebral column, and rib cage (80 bones) SKELETON •Appendicular: the arms and legs, pelvis, scapula, etc (126 bones) BONE STRUCTURE •Porous and made of proteins and minerals •Osteocytes: cells that make bone •Bone marrow: soft bone tissue that produces blood cells BONE DEVELOPMENT •Develop from cartilage •Ossification: hardening of bone cartilage •Elongation at end of bones JOINTS •Place where two bones meet ASSOCIATED CONNECTIVE TISSUE •Ligaments: connects bone to bone, tough bands that hold joint in place •Tendons: connect muscle to bone •Cartilage: flexible connective tissue TYPES OF JOINTS •Fixed: no movement between bones (ex. skull) •Semimovable: limited movement (ex. rib cage and vertebrae) TYPES OF JOINTS •Movable •Hinge: moves up and down (ex. knee and elbow) •Pivot: move side to side (ex. skull joins the vertebral column) •Ball-and-socket: move in a circle (ex. Shoulder) TYPES OF JOINTS •Movable •Gliding: bones slide over one another (ex. Ankle and wrist) •Saddle: rotate and grasp (ex. Base of thumb) KNUCKLE CRACKING MRI https://youtu.be/WSz4hxW73bU An MRI image of the same hand before knuckle cracking (left) and after (right), showing the void (dark spot) in the joint fluid that forms when the knuckles are cracked Source: http://www.livescience.com/50495-knuckles-cracking-popexplained.html
