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Transcript
PROJECT REPORT On FULL WAVE RECTIFIER by ANSHU PAL Submitted to the Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the external practical of PHYSICS Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College Kasna Affiliated To CBSE, New DELHI FEBRAURY, 2017 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION………………………………………………………………….. i ABSTRACT………………………………………………….……………………. iii 1.1. RECTIFIER………………………………………………………………. 1 1.2 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER………………………………………………. 2 1.3 CIRCUIT OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER ………………………… 2 1.4 CHARACTERITICS OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER……………………….. 3 1.5 APPLICATIONS OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER ………………………… 4 1.6 ADVANTAGES OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER ………………………… 4 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “FULL WAVE RECTIFIER” submitted to the Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College is a record of original work done by me under the guidance of, Senior Physics Teacher, of Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College and this project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Physics External Practical in Savitri Bai Phule Balika Inter College Signature: Name : Anshu Pal Roll No.: Date : ii ABSTRACT The Project describes a method of converting ac to dc with the help full wave rectifier . The project tells about the characteristics of ac and dc components by continuously glowing of light in the Full Wave Rectifier Project showing dc characteristic. I used all the Hardware components for making the full wave rectifier project. This project is completed on “PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD” . All the components are solded well on the PCB to have a great connection in my project. By having a constant frequency Transformer step down the voltage by principle of Electromagnetic Induction. iii INTRODUCTION 1.1 RECTIFIER A rectifier is an electrical device that (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC and power transmission systems. It is a combination of Diodes and Resistors either in series or in parallel. It gives appropriate output to be used in DC combination. 1.2 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER While this method may be suitable for low power applications it is unsuitable to applications which need a “steady and smooth” DC supply voltage. One method to improve on this is to use every half-cycle of the input voltage instead of every other halfcycle. The circuit which allows us to do this is called a Full Wave Rectifier. Like the half wave circuit, a full wave rectifier circuit produces an output voltage or current which is purely DC or has some specified DC component. Full wave rectifiers have some fundamental advantages over their half wave rectifier counterparts. The average (DC) output voltage is higher than for half wave, the output of the full wave rectifier has much less ripple than that of the half wave rectifier producing a smoother output waveform. Vs = Vmsinwt i.e sinusoidal input voltage In a Full Wave Rectifier circuit two diodes are now used, one for each half of the cycle. A is used whose secondary winding is split equally into two halves with a common centre tapped connection, (C). This configuration results in each diode conducting in turn when its anode terminal is positive with respect to the transformer centre point C producing an 1 output during both half-cycles, twice that for the half wave rectifier so it is 100% efficient as shown below. The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a single load resistance (RL) with each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the load. When point A of the transformer is positive with respect to point C, diode D1 conducts in the forward direction as indicated by the arrows. When point B is positive (in the negative half of the cycle) with respect to point C, diodeD2 conducts in the forward direction and the current flowing through resistor R is in the same direction for both half-cycles. As the output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of the two waveforms combined, this type of full wave rectifier circuit is also known as a “bi-phase” circuit. 1.3 Circuit Of Full Wave Rectifier Figure 1: Circuit Of Full Wave Rectifier 2 1.4 Characteristics of Full Wave Rectifier Figure 2: Characteristics Of Full Wave Rectifier 3 1.5 Applications of Full Wave Rectifier Mobile and Laptop Chargers 1.6 Advantages of Full Wave Rectifier The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier is double of that of a half-wave rectifier. The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency in case of full-wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is required. Higher output voltage, higher output power and higher Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF) in case of a full-wave rectifier. In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due to dc saturation of the core because the dc current in the two halves of the two halves of the transformer secondary flow in opposite directions. 4