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Anatomy & Physiology 2010-2011 Names: _________________, _________________ Period _____ date: _________ _________________ Practicing Anatomical Termonology The most important thing to understand when studying anatomy is the terminology. Using standard anatomical terminology ensures that anatomists have a common method of communicating to avoid confusion when identifying structures. Anatomical directional terms are like the directions on a compass rose of a map. Like the directions, North, South, East and West, they can be used to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body. This is particularly useful when studying anatomy as it provides a common method of communication that helps to avoid confusion when identifying structures. Also as with a compass rose, each directional term often has a counterpart with converse or opposite meaning. These terms are very useful when describing the locations of structures to be studied in dissections. Understanding anatomical directional terms and body planes will make it easier to study anatomy. It will help you to be able to visualize positional and spacial locations of structures and navigate directionally from one area to another. Using Anatomical Terms (Ch. 1, pgs. 9-17): 1. Using Anatomic Directional Terms, describe the location of one organ or body part to the other for those listed below: a. The head is _________________ to the neck b. The calf is _________________ to the thigh c. The skin is _______________ to muscle d. The shoulder is ____________ to the hand e. The heart is _____________ to the arms f. The navel is ______________ to the spine 2. Using the Regional Terms below, point to a regional term on your body and ask your lab partner to identify the anatomic term. Write the common names next to the regional terms listed below. a. Cephalic - head j. b. Cervical - neck k. Patellar - c. Thoracic - mid back l. d. Lumbar - m. Femoral - e. Pectoral - n. Carpal - f. o. Tarsal - Sternal - Brachial Popliteal - g. Vertebral - p. Digital - h. Gluteal - q. Pedal - i. r. Plantar - Axillary - Anatomy & Physiology 2010-2011 Names: _________________, _________________ Period _____ date: _________ _________________ 3. Using Body Cavities - be able to name the organs in each body cavity. ORGANS Cranial cavity Dorsal Cavity Spinal Cavity Thoracic Cavity Ventral Cavity Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity 4. Using Abdominopelvic Quadrant – Have your lab partner point to each of the 4 quadrants listed below and identify 2 organs that are found in each. ORGANS right upper quadrant: ___________________ and ____________________ right lower quadrant: ___________________ and ____________________ left upper quadrant: ____________________ and ____________________ left lower quadrant: ____________________ and ____________________ Celery surgery You have been working on memorizing anatomical terms. Be sure you have a good grasp of them before attempting this assignment. The goal of this activity is to use anatomic terms to perform surgery on a stalk of celery. After placing the celery in the supine position, assume you are a surgeon performing the following 4 surgical procedures on the celery. Draw a picture illustrating your “cut” lines for each of the 4 surgeries. 1. At the umbilicus on the ventral surface of the celery, make a superficial midsagittal incision and proceed inferiorally to the end of the stalk. 2. At the Superior end, on the dorsal surface, make a deep transverse incision. Do not transect (completely cut through) the celery. 3. Enter from the LATERAL surface at the level of the umbilicus and make a complete coronal incision and proceed inferiorly. 4. Make a complete (transect) transverse incision approximately 2 cm from the superior and inferior ends. Make two ipsilatteral sagittal cuts from the pectoral region to the end of the stalk. Anatomy & Physiology 2010-2011 1 Names: _________________, _________________ Period _____ date: _________ _________________ 2 3 4 Anatomy & Physiology 2010-2011 Names: _________________, _________________ Period _____ date: _________ _________________ Lab answer sheet – Understanding Anatomical Terms 1. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. The head is superior to the heart The fibula is lateral to the tibia The leg is inferior to the thigh The brain is deep to the skull The skin is superficial to muscle The arm is proximal to the forearm The hand is distal to the shoulder The left ear and left eye are ipsilateral to each other. The ears are contralateral to each other The heart is medial to the arms k. Cephalic - head l. Cervical - neck m. Thoracic - mid back n. Lumbar o. Abdominal p. Pectoral q. Sternal r. Vertebral s. Gluteal t. Pubic u. Inguinal v. Genital w. Axillary x. Brachial y. Antebrachial z. Cubital aa. Antecubital bb. Patellar cc. Popliteal dd. Manual ee. Femoral ff. Crural gg. Sural hh. Carpal ii. Tarsal jj. Digital kk. Pedal - Anatomy & Physiology 2010-2011 Names: _________________, _________________ Period _____ date: _________ _________________ ll. Plantar – The abdominopelvic quadrants evenly divide the space of the torso below the diaphragm into four. They are referred to simply by location: the right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, and left lower quadrant. The right upper quadrant contains the right portion of the liver, the gallbladder, right kidney, a small portion of the stomach, portions of the ascending and transverse colon and parts of small intestine. The left upper quadrant is the location of the left portion of the liver, the larger portion of the stomach, the pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of the transverse and descending colon and parts of the small intestine. In the right lower quadrant sits the cecum, appendix, part of the small intestines, the right reproductive organs, and the right ureter. The left lower quadrant houses the majority of the small intestine, some of the large intestine, the left reproductive organs and the left ureter.