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GROUNDWATER REVIEW
1. The diagram below shows columns A, B, C, and D that contain different sediments.
Equal volumes of water were poured through each column. Which column of sediment retained the
most water?
A) A
B) B
C) C
2. Which conditions on Earth's surface will allow for the
greatest amount of water to seep into the ground?
A)
B)
C)
D)
gentle slope and permeable
gentle slope and impermeable
steep slope and permeable
steep slope and impermeable
D) D
6. During a heavy rainstorm, soil samples A and B both
became saturated with water. However, 10 minutes
after the storm ended, the soils appeared as shown
below.
3. Which processes are most likely to cause a rise in the
water table?
A)
B)
C)
D)
runoff and erosion
precipitation and infiltration
deposition and burial
solidification and condensation
4. In general, the probability of flooding decreases
when there is an increase in the amount of
A) precipitation
C) runoff
B) infiltration
D) snow melt
5. Sand sediments are usually more permeable than silt
sediments because sand grains are
A) larger
C) rounder
B) smoother
D) more soluble
Which statement best explains the observed change
in the water content of the soil samples?
A) The permeability of B is greater than the
permeability of A.
B) The porosity of B is greater than the porosity of
A.
C) The capillarity of B is greater than the
capillarity of A.
D) The surface runoff at B is greater than the
surface runoff at A.
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
Base your answers to questions 7 through 10on
the diagram below, which shows a model of the water cycle. Letters A through F represent some
processes of the water cycle. Letter X indicates the top of the underground zone that is saturated with
water.
7. The processes of transpiration and evaporation are represented by letters
A) A and B
B) B and E
C) C and A
D) D and E
8. If the surface soil is saturated and precipitation increases, there will be
A)
B)
C)
D)
a decrease in the amount of groundwater
a decrease in the surface elevation of the lake
an increase in the rate of capillarity
an increase in the amount of runoff
9. What does letter X represent?
A) the water table
C) sea level
B) a floodplain
D) impermeable rock
10.Which process is represented by letter F?
A) capillarity
B) infiltration
C) condensation
D) vaporization
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
11.Which graph best represents the relationship between 13. Base your answer to the following question on the
soil particle size and the rate at which water infiltrates
diagram below, which represents samples of soil and
permeable soil?
bedrock at Earth's surface. The arrows represent
possible infiltration of rainwater.
A)
B)
C)
The pebble-and-sand soil has greater capillarity than
the pebble soil because the pebble and sand soil
A)
B)
C)
D)
D)
is weathering more rapidly
is more loosely packed
has smaller pore spaces
has less surface area
14. The direct cause of ground water supplies becoming
unfit for human use is usually
12. After a heavy rainstorm, vegetation on a hillslope
was completely removed. How will this removal of
vegetation affect the relative amounts of infiltration
and runoff that occur during the next heavy
rainstorm?
A) Infiltration and runoff will both be less.
B) Infiltration and runoff will both be greater.
C) Infiltration will be less and runoff will be
greater.
D) Infiltration will be greater and runoff will be
less.
A)
B)
C)
D)
an uncontrollable moisture deficit
contamination of the saturated zone
excessive surface runoff
very heavy precipitation
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
15.The diagrams below show the relative sizes of particles from soil samples A, B, and C. Equal volumes
of each soil sample were placed in separate containers. Each container has a screen at the bottom.
Water was poured through each sample to determine the infiltration rate.
Which graph best shows how the infiltration rates of the three soil samples would compare?
A)
B)
C)
D)
16. Two locations, one in northern Canada and one in
the southwestern United States, receive the same
amount of precipitation each year. The location in
Canada is classified as a humid climate. Why would
the location in the United States be classified as an
arid climate?
A) The yearly distribution of precipitation is
different.
B) The soil-moisture storage in the southwestern
United States is more than that in northern
Canada.
C) The potential evapotranspiration is greater in
the southwestern United States than in northern
Canada.
D) The vegetation of the southwestern United
States is different from that of northern Canada.
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
17. The diagram below shows an experimental setup to compare water retention and
permeability in two columns with equal volumes of spherical plastic beads of
different diameters.
Which statement best describes the water retention and permeability in the two columns of beads?
A) The column with 4-mm beads has greater water retention and permeability.
B) The column with 12-mm beads has greater water retention and permeability.
C) The column with 4-mm beads has greater water retention and the column with
12-mm beads has greater permeability.
D) The column with 12-mm beads has greater water retention and the column with
4-mm beads has greater permeability.
18. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows Earth's water cycle.
Numbers indicate the estimated volume of water, in millions of cubic kilometers, stored at any one
time in the atmosphere, the oceans, and on the continents. The yearly amount of water that moves in
and out of each of these three of Earth is also indicated in millions of cubic kilometers.
Describe two surface characteristics that will affect the rate of stream runoff into the ocean.
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
19. The diagram below represents three identical beakers, A, B, and C, each containing an equal volume
of uniform-sized spherical beads. Water is poured into each beaker until all of the pore spaces are
filled.
Which table best indicates the percentage of pore space compared to the total volume of each beaker?
A)
B)
C)
D)
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
20. The diagram below shows three identical plastic tubes filled to the same level with spherical beads of
different diameters. Each tube was filled with water to the top of the beads. The clamps were then
opened to allow water to drain into the beakers.
Which graph best represents the relative amount of water retained by the beads in
each tube?
A)
B)
C)
D)
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
21. The maps show changes occurring around a small
Louisiana lake over a 30-year period.
Which graph best shows the probable changes in the
quality of ground water and lake water in this region
as the changes indicated in the maps took place from
1967 to 1997? (Use the key above.)
A)
B)
C)
D)
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
22. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in
which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a
lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are
composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures
built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand.
Which event will most likely occur during a heavy rainfall?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Less sediment will be carried by the streams.
An increase in sea level will cause more sediments to be deposited along the shoreline.
The shoreline will experience a greater range in tides.
The discharge from the streams into the lagoon will increase.
GROUNDWATER REVIEW
23. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows limestone
bedrock with caves.
In the empty box on the left side of the cross section above, draw a horizontal line to indicate the level
of the water table.
Answer Key
ES GROUNDWATER REVIEW
1.
D
2.
A
3.
B
4.
B
5.
A
6.
A
7.
C
8.
D
9.
A
10.
B
11.
D
12.
C
13.
C
14.
B
15.
A
16.
C
17.
C
18.
Examples: – slope of
the land surface
–soil type or
composition
19.
A
20.
C
21.
B
22.
D
23.