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NAME GROUNDWATER REVIEW 1. The diagram below shows columns A, B, C, and D that contain different sediments. Equal volumes of water were poured through each column. Which column of sediment retained the most water? A) A B) B C) C 2. Which conditions on Earth's surface will allow for the greatest amount of water to seep into the ground? A) B) C) D) gentle slope and permeable gentle slope and impermeable steep slope and permeable steep slope and impermeable D) D 6. During a heavy rainstorm, soil samples A and B both became saturated with water. However, 10 minutes after the storm ended, the soils appeared as shown below. 3. Which processes are most likely to cause a rise in the water table? A) B) C) D) runoff and erosion precipitation and infiltration deposition and burial solidification and condensation 4. In general, the probability of flooding decreases when there is an increase in the amount of A) precipitation C) runoff B) infiltration D) snow melt 5. Sand sediments are usually more permeable than silt sediments because sand grains are A) larger C) rounder B) smoother D) more soluble Which statement best explains the observed change in the water content of the soil samples? A) The permeability of B is greater than the permeability of A. B) The porosity of B is greater than the porosity of A. C) The capillarity of B is greater than the capillarity of A. D) The surface runoff at B is greater than the surface runoff at A. GROUNDWATER REVIEW Base your answers to questions 7 through 10on the diagram below, which shows a model of the water cycle. Letters A through F represent some processes of the water cycle. Letter X indicates the top of the underground zone that is saturated with water. 7. The processes of transpiration and evaporation are represented by letters A) A and B B) B and E C) C and A D) D and E 8. If the surface soil is saturated and precipitation increases, there will be A) B) C) D) a decrease in the amount of groundwater a decrease in the surface elevation of the lake an increase in the rate of capillarity an increase in the amount of runoff 9. What does letter X represent? A) the water table C) sea level B) a floodplain D) impermeable rock 10.Which process is represented by letter F? A) capillarity B) infiltration C) condensation D) vaporization GROUNDWATER REVIEW 11.Which graph best represents the relationship between 13. Base your answer to the following question on the soil particle size and the rate at which water infiltrates diagram below, which represents samples of soil and permeable soil? bedrock at Earth's surface. The arrows represent possible infiltration of rainwater. A) B) C) The pebble-and-sand soil has greater capillarity than the pebble soil because the pebble and sand soil A) B) C) D) D) is weathering more rapidly is more loosely packed has smaller pore spaces has less surface area 14. The direct cause of ground water supplies becoming unfit for human use is usually 12. After a heavy rainstorm, vegetation on a hillslope was completely removed. How will this removal of vegetation affect the relative amounts of infiltration and runoff that occur during the next heavy rainstorm? A) Infiltration and runoff will both be less. B) Infiltration and runoff will both be greater. C) Infiltration will be less and runoff will be greater. D) Infiltration will be greater and runoff will be less. A) B) C) D) an uncontrollable moisture deficit contamination of the saturated zone excessive surface runoff very heavy precipitation GROUNDWATER REVIEW 15.The diagrams below show the relative sizes of particles from soil samples A, B, and C. Equal volumes of each soil sample were placed in separate containers. Each container has a screen at the bottom. Water was poured through each sample to determine the infiltration rate. Which graph best shows how the infiltration rates of the three soil samples would compare? A) B) C) D) 16. Two locations, one in northern Canada and one in the southwestern United States, receive the same amount of precipitation each year. The location in Canada is classified as a humid climate. Why would the location in the United States be classified as an arid climate? A) The yearly distribution of precipitation is different. B) The soil-moisture storage in the southwestern United States is more than that in northern Canada. C) The potential evapotranspiration is greater in the southwestern United States than in northern Canada. D) The vegetation of the southwestern United States is different from that of northern Canada. GROUNDWATER REVIEW 17. The diagram below shows an experimental setup to compare water retention and permeability in two columns with equal volumes of spherical plastic beads of different diameters. Which statement best describes the water retention and permeability in the two columns of beads? A) The column with 4-mm beads has greater water retention and permeability. B) The column with 12-mm beads has greater water retention and permeability. C) The column with 4-mm beads has greater water retention and the column with 12-mm beads has greater permeability. D) The column with 12-mm beads has greater water retention and the column with 4-mm beads has greater permeability. 18. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows Earth's water cycle. Numbers indicate the estimated volume of water, in millions of cubic kilometers, stored at any one time in the atmosphere, the oceans, and on the continents. The yearly amount of water that moves in and out of each of these three of Earth is also indicated in millions of cubic kilometers. Describe two surface characteristics that will affect the rate of stream runoff into the ocean. GROUNDWATER REVIEW 19. The diagram below represents three identical beakers, A, B, and C, each containing an equal volume of uniform-sized spherical beads. Water is poured into each beaker until all of the pore spaces are filled. Which table best indicates the percentage of pore space compared to the total volume of each beaker? A) B) C) D) GROUNDWATER REVIEW 20. The diagram below shows three identical plastic tubes filled to the same level with spherical beads of different diameters. Each tube was filled with water to the top of the beads. The clamps were then opened to allow water to drain into the beakers. Which graph best represents the relative amount of water retained by the beads in each tube? A) B) C) D) GROUNDWATER REVIEW 21. The maps show changes occurring around a small Louisiana lake over a 30-year period. Which graph best shows the probable changes in the quality of ground water and lake water in this region as the changes indicated in the maps took place from 1967 to 1997? (Use the key above.) A) B) C) D) GROUNDWATER REVIEW 22. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand. Which event will most likely occur during a heavy rainfall? A) B) C) D) Less sediment will be carried by the streams. An increase in sea level will cause more sediments to be deposited along the shoreline. The shoreline will experience a greater range in tides. The discharge from the streams into the lagoon will increase. GROUNDWATER REVIEW 23. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows limestone bedrock with caves. In the empty box on the left side of the cross section above, draw a horizontal line to indicate the level of the water table. Answer Key ES GROUNDWATER REVIEW 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. Examples: – slope of the land surface –soil type or composition 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23.