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Transcript
Chapter 3 Review Multiple Choice 1. As A. B. C. D. time passes, the universe tends to become more organized less organized much simpler a little smaller 9. Which statement concerning simple sugars and amino acids is correct? A. They are both wastes resulting from protein synthesis. B. They are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules. c. They are both building blocks of starch. D. They are both stored as fat molecules in the liver. 2. To maintain organization, all living things need a source of A. time B. patience C. brains D. energy Refer to the diagram belm r to ans.rer question 10. 3. The densest region of an atom is the A. B. C. D. ·t space around its nucleus nucleus at its center inner electron shells outer electron shells Which event is most like an electron moving from an outer shell to an inner shell? A. a ball rolling down a hill B. a fish swimming upstream C. a soccer ball rolling across a field D. a baseball player running to a base 5. All transformations of energy involve A. B. C. D. a change in height the direct use of sunlight the organization of atoms the movement of electrons 6. How do molecules differ from atoms? A. Atoms occur naturally, whereas molecules do not. B. Atoms are individual particles, whereas molecules are combinations of atoms. C. There are many different types of atoms but only a few different types of molecules. D. Atoms are found in living things, but molecules are found in nonliving things. 7. The two elements found in every organic compound are A. nitrogen and oxygen B. oxygen and hydrogen C. carbon and hydrogen D. carbon and oxygen 8. The chemical reactions that form or break bonds in an organism are called its A. transport C. transformation B. conformation D. metabolism Organic Compounds 10. What substance could the letter X represent? A. carbohydrates B. carbon dioxide C. ozone D. water 11. Which family of organic compounds is used mainly to store energy for the body? A. lipids B. carbohydrates C. proteins D. nucleic acids 12. An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed that starch was present at 5:00 P.M. on a sunny afternoon in July. When a similar leaf from the same tomato plant was tested with iodine at 6:00 A.M. the next morning, the test indicated that less starch was present. This reduction in starch content most likely occurred because the starch was changed A. directly into proteins B. into molecules of fat C. into polysaccharides D. back to sugars for energy 13. The subunits that make up proteins are called A. amino acids C. fats and lipids B. single atoms D. nucleic acids Chapter 3 Organic Molecules: From Atoms to Cells ..... ~"" ~ . ,:::' .. -~ 47 Refer to the diagram below, which provides some information about proteins, to answer question 14. teins, are known as A. tissues B. subunits C. organelles D. polymers Refer to the diagrams of the organisms shown below to ans}t'er question 21. ~llnfluences> 14. Which phrase does the letter A most likely represent? A. sequence B. sequence C. sequence D. sequence 20. Large molecules, such as starches or pro- Single-celled Organism A Multicellular Organism B of amino acids of starch molecules of simple sugars of ATP molecules 15. The subunits of DNA are called A. B. C. D. amino acids nucleotides polysaccharides cell units 16. How is RNA related to proteins? A. Proteins are made up ofRNA molecules. B. RNA determines which proteins are made. C. RNA is copied into DNA to build a protein. D. DNA is copied into RNA to build a protein. 17. DNA molecules are important because they store A. fats for energy B. genetic information C. carbohydrates D. polysaccharides 18. Every single-celled organism is able to sur- vive because it carries out A. metabolic activities B. heterotrophic nutrition C. autotrophic nutrition D. sexual reproduction 19. Which sequence represents the correct order of levels of organization found in a complex organism? A. cells ~ organelles ~ organs ~ organ systems ~ tissues B. organelles ~ cells ~ tissues ~ organs ~ organ systems C. tissues ~ organs ~ organ systems ~ organelles ~ cells D. organs ~ organ systems ~ cells ~ tissues ~ organelles 48 Preparing for the New Jersey Biology EOC Test 21. Which statement concerning organism A and organism B is correct? A. Organism A contains tissues and organs, while organism B lacks these structures. B. Organism A and organism B both have structures that help them to stay alive. C. Organism A and organism B have the same organs to perform their life functions. D. Organism A lacks the structures that aid survival, while organism B has them. Analysis and Open Ended 22. How do living things maintain the high level of organization that they need to stay alive? 23. Why is carbon particularly important for the existence of life (as we know it)? 24. List four important functions of the organic compounds found in living things. 25. Explain why athletes need to eat lots of com- plex carbohydrates during training. Refer to the diagram at right to answer questions 26 and 27. (Molecule is shown as a straight chain.) 26. Based on the elements and molecular structure that make up glucose, you could determine that it is an example of a (an) A. carbon molecule B. hydrogen molecule Glucose H I H-C-OH I H-C-OH I H-C-OH I HO-C-H I H-C-OH I H-C II o C. organic compound D. inorganic compound D. polysaccharides are broken down into simple sugars 30. Identify three important characteristics of 27. When many of these glucose subunits join proteins. Your answer should include the following: together, they make up a A. protein molecule B. polysaccharide C. lipid molecule D. DNA molecule • what the subunits are that make up proteins • four main functions of proteins in living things • what determines structure and function of a protein 28. Hemoglobin and hair are both proteins, yet they each have different structures. Explain. 31. In what way do the particular proteins in our bodies depend on our DNA? 29. The diagram below illustrates a reaction in which A. several amino acids join to form a protein molecule B. inorganic compounds form an organic compound C. simple sugars join to form a larger sugar molecule + - 32. In terms of levels of organization, what is the difference between a tissue and an organ? Give one example of each. 33. List the main levels of organization of living things, going from the level of atoms up to that of an organism. Sucrose C'2H220" + Reading Comprehension Base your answers to questions 34 to 36 on the information beloH' and on your knowledge of biology. Use one or more complete sentences to answer each question. People try to lose weight by dieting. Researchers now know that dieting may reduce the amount of fat in the body, but it also changes how the body functions. When people diet, they usually limit the amount of food calories they take in. A dieter's body reacts to protect itself. Because of our evolutionary history, the body thinks that there is an actual shortage of food-that starvation is imminent. The body does not know that the dieting person is intentionally limiting the amount of food taken in, and it reacts by slowing down to survive the food shortage. The result? Fewer calories are burned during normal activities, and not much weight loss occurs. The fat cells that normally store fat are being emptied, but they still remain in the body. The person feels hungry and may end the diet. The "starved" fat cells quickly refill their reserves and a type of on-again, off-again dieting may result. The fluctuating weight loss and gain that occurs can be dangerous. Most researchers now realize that the best way to avoid becoming overweight is to reduce the amount you eat somewhat and to increase physical activity. Exercise increases the amount of energyus~dby the body. It also increases the amount of Chapter 31 Organic Molecules: From Atoms to Cells 49 tissue, which even when resting burns more calories than other types of body There are other serious health risks involved in severe weight loss that is caused bya refusal to eat. The disorder called anorexia nervosa is most common in young women. Abnormal fears of being overweight, as well as other fears, may lead to anorexia nervosa. An anorexic person appears unhealthy. This disorder can be fatal. Bulimia is another eating disorder. Unlike most anorexics, a person with bulimia might appear healthy. However, this person swings between overeating and getting rid of the food, often by taking laxatives or inducing vomiting. Some studies show that as many as 20 percent of college-age women suffer from some form ofbulimia. This disorder can be dangerous. It can damage the heart, kidneys, or digestive system. Counseling to help a person understand the reasons behind these eating disorders is important. It is also important to learn how to make wise choices about what one eats. In some severe cases, hospital treatment may be necessary. 34. In a paragraph, describe how evolution explains the unintended effects of dieting. 35. Explain why exercising is a healthier way to lose weight than dieting. 36. Compare and contrast the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia. 50 Preparing for the New Jersey Biology EOC Test