Download Chapter 3 Review - Nutley Public Schools

Chapter 3 Review
Multiple Choice
1. As
A.
B.
C.
D.
time passes, the universe tends to become
more organized
less organized
much simpler
a little smaller
9. Which statement concerning simple sugars
and amino acids is correct?
A. They are both wastes resulting from protein synthesis.
B. They are both needed for the synthesis of
larger molecules.
c. They are both building blocks of starch.
D. They are both stored as fat molecules in
the liver.
2. To maintain organization, all living things
need a source of
A. time
B. patience
C. brains
D. energy
Refer to the diagram belm r to ans.rer question 10.
3. The densest region of an atom is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
·t
space around its nucleus
nucleus at its center
inner electron shells
outer electron shells
Which event is most like an electron moving
from an outer shell to an inner shell?
A. a ball rolling down a hill
B. a fish swimming upstream
C. a soccer ball rolling across a field
D. a baseball player running to a base
5. All transformations of energy involve
A.
B.
C.
D.
a change in height
the direct use of sunlight
the organization of atoms
the movement of electrons
6. How do molecules differ from atoms?
A. Atoms occur naturally, whereas molecules do not.
B. Atoms are individual particles, whereas
molecules are combinations of atoms.
C. There are many different types of atoms
but only a few different types of
molecules.
D. Atoms are found in living things, but
molecules are found in nonliving things.
7. The two elements found in every organic
compound are
A. nitrogen and oxygen
B. oxygen and hydrogen
C. carbon and hydrogen
D. carbon and oxygen
8. The chemical reactions that form or break
bonds in an organism are called its
A. transport
C. transformation
B. conformation
D. metabolism
Organic Compounds
10. What substance could the letter X represent?
A. carbohydrates
B. carbon dioxide
C. ozone
D. water
11. Which family of organic compounds is used
mainly to store energy for the body?
A. lipids
B. carbohydrates
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids
12. An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed
that starch was present at 5:00 P.M. on a
sunny afternoon in July. When a similar leaf
from the same tomato plant was tested with
iodine at 6:00 A.M. the next morning, the test
indicated that less starch was present. This
reduction in starch content most likely occurred because the starch was changed
A. directly into proteins
B. into molecules of fat
C. into polysaccharides
D. back to sugars for energy
13. The subunits that make up proteins are called
A. amino acids
C. fats and lipids
B. single atoms
D. nucleic acids
Chapter 3 Organic Molecules: From Atoms to Cells
.....
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47
Refer to the diagram below, which provides
some information about proteins, to answer
question 14.
teins, are known as
A. tissues
B. subunits
C. organelles
D. polymers
Refer to the diagrams of the organisms shown
below to ans}t'er question 21.
~llnfluences>
14. Which phrase does the letter A most likely
represent?
A. sequence
B. sequence
C. sequence
D. sequence
20. Large molecules, such as starches or pro-
Single-celled
Organism A
Multicellular
Organism B
of amino acids
of starch molecules
of simple sugars
of ATP molecules
15. The subunits of DNA are called
A.
B.
C.
D.
amino acids
nucleotides
polysaccharides
cell units
16. How is RNA related to proteins?
A. Proteins are made up ofRNA molecules.
B. RNA determines which proteins are
made.
C. RNA is copied into DNA to build a
protein.
D. DNA is copied into RNA to build a
protein.
17. DNA molecules are important because they
store
A. fats for energy
B. genetic information
C. carbohydrates
D. polysaccharides
18. Every single-celled organism is able to sur-
vive because it carries out
A. metabolic activities
B. heterotrophic nutrition
C. autotrophic nutrition
D. sexual reproduction
19. Which sequence represents the correct order
of levels of organization found in a complex
organism?
A. cells ~ organelles ~ organs ~ organ
systems ~ tissues
B. organelles ~ cells ~ tissues ~ organs ~
organ systems
C. tissues ~ organs ~ organ systems ~
organelles ~ cells
D. organs ~ organ systems ~ cells ~
tissues ~ organelles
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Preparing for the New Jersey Biology EOC Test
21. Which statement concerning organism A and
organism B is correct?
A. Organism A contains tissues and organs,
while organism B lacks these structures.
B. Organism A and organism B both have
structures that help them to stay alive.
C. Organism A and organism B have the
same organs to perform their life
functions.
D. Organism A lacks the structures that aid
survival, while organism B has them.
Analysis and Open Ended
22. How do living things maintain the high level
of organization that they need to stay alive?
23. Why is carbon particularly important for the
existence of life (as we know it)?
24. List four important functions of the organic
compounds found in living things.
25. Explain why athletes need to eat lots of com-
plex carbohydrates during training.
Refer to the diagram at right
to answer questions 26 and
27. (Molecule is shown as a
straight chain.)
26. Based on the elements
and molecular structure
that make up glucose,
you could determine
that it is an example
of a (an)
A. carbon molecule
B. hydrogen molecule
Glucose
H
I
H-C-OH
I
H-C-OH
I
H-C-OH
I
HO-C-H
I
H-C-OH
I
H-C
II
o
C. organic compound
D. inorganic compound
D. polysaccharides are broken down into
simple sugars
30. Identify three important characteristics of
27. When many of these glucose subunits join
proteins. Your answer should include the
following:
together, they make up a
A. protein molecule
B. polysaccharide
C. lipid molecule
D. DNA molecule
• what the subunits are that make up
proteins
• four main functions of proteins in living
things
• what determines structure and function of
a protein
28. Hemoglobin and hair are both proteins, yet
they each have different structures. Explain.
31. In what way do the particular proteins in our
bodies depend on our DNA?
29. The diagram below illustrates a reaction in
which
A. several amino acids join to form a protein
molecule
B. inorganic compounds form an organic
compound
C. simple sugars join to form a larger sugar
molecule
+
-
32. In terms of levels of organization, what is the
difference between a tissue and an organ?
Give one example of each.
33. List the main levels of organization of living
things, going from the level of atoms up to
that of an organism.
Sucrose
C'2H220"
+
Reading Comprehension
Base your answers to questions 34 to 36 on the information beloH' and on your knowledge of biology.
Use one or more complete sentences to answer each question.
People try to lose weight by dieting. Researchers now know that dieting may reduce
the amount of fat in the body, but it also changes how the body functions. When
people diet, they usually limit the amount of food calories they take in. A dieter's
body reacts to protect itself. Because of our evolutionary history, the body thinks that
there is an actual shortage of food-that starvation is imminent. The body does not
know that the dieting person is intentionally limiting the amount of food taken in, and
it reacts by slowing down to survive the food shortage. The result? Fewer calories are
burned during normal activities, and not much weight loss occurs. The fat cells that
normally store fat are being emptied, but they still remain in the body. The person
feels hungry and may end the diet. The "starved" fat cells quickly refill their reserves and a type of on-again, off-again dieting may result. The fluctuating weight
loss and gain that occurs can be dangerous.
Most researchers now realize that the best way to avoid becoming overweight is
to reduce the amount you eat somewhat and to increase physical activity. Exercise
increases the amount of energyus~dby the body. It also increases the amount of
Chapter
31
Organic Molecules: From Atoms to Cells
49
tissue, which even when resting burns more calories than other types of body
There are other serious health risks involved in severe weight loss that is caused
bya refusal to eat. The disorder called anorexia nervosa is most common in young
women. Abnormal fears of being overweight, as well as other fears, may lead to
anorexia nervosa. An anorexic person appears unhealthy. This disorder can be fatal.
Bulimia is another eating disorder. Unlike most anorexics, a person with bulimia
might appear healthy. However, this person swings between overeating and getting
rid of the food, often by taking laxatives or inducing vomiting. Some studies show
that as many as 20 percent of college-age women suffer from some form ofbulimia.
This disorder can be dangerous. It can damage the heart, kidneys, or digestive system. Counseling to help a person understand the reasons behind these eating disorders is important. It is also important to learn how to make wise choices about what
one eats. In some severe cases, hospital treatment may be necessary.
34. In a paragraph, describe how evolution explains the unintended effects of dieting.
35. Explain why exercising is a healthier way to lose weight than dieting.
36. Compare and contrast the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
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Preparing for the New Jersey Biology EOC Test