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Coosa High School
Rome, Georgia
Instructor: Randy Vice
Created by: Jennifer Bailey, Brandon Miller, Caleb House
HCP WORLD HISTORY PROJECT
World War I
SECTION ONE: POWERPOINT
SECTION TWO: WRITTEN REPORT
SECTION ONE
POWERPOINT
PRESENTATION
World War ll
Cause and Effect
by Jennifer Bailey
Introduction
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Lasted between September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945.
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WWll was the second worldwide conflict, a historical successor to the first
World War.
Two separate conflicts formed together to create this outbreak:
One beginning in Asia in 1937 as the Second Sino- Japanese War.
The other, the 1939 invasion of Poland.
The world split into two major powers, the Allies and the Axis.
Over 70 million people were killed worldwide in this war making it the
deadliest human conflict in history.
This was also the most widespread war in history.
Over 11 million people killed were civilians in the Holocaust, conducted by
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
The United States and the Soviet Union both emerged as super powers
which set the stage for the Cold War 45 years later.
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Dark green shows Allies before the Japanese attack, light
green shows Allies after, orange are the Axis powers, and
grey are the neutral countries.
Allied Powers
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The main Allied powers to WWll are…
China
 Great Britain
 France
 United States
 Soviet Union
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Axis Powers
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The main Axis powers during WWll are…
Japan
 Germany
 Italy
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Casualties: Allied
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Military: Over 14,000,000
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Civilian: Over 36,000,000
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Total: Over 50,000,000
Casualties: Axis
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Military: Over 8,000,000
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Civilian: Over 4,000,000
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Total: Over 12,000,000
Points of Interest…
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Both powers had certain places they were
drawn to. Some of them were:
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Southern Europe (resources)
Mediterranean Sea (transport)
North Africa (shipping)
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Lead Up to the War
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In September 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria under false pretenses and captured it
from the Chinese.
In July 1933, Adolf Hitler of the Nazi Party was elected the leader of Germany. He
demanded a nationalist foreign policy and by 1937, he demanded the cession of
territories that had belonged to Germany long before his time (Rhineland and
Gdansk).
In July 1937, Japan invaded mainland China that began with the bombing of
Shanghai and Guangzhou and ended by the Nanking Massacre in December.
September 1939, Germany invaded Poland in cooperation with the Soviet Union,
which started the war in Europe. France and Great Brittan did not declare war but
tried to persuade Hitler to stop. He did not respond.
During the period of the ‘Phoney War’, France and the United Kingdom had declared
war but it was very calm, as neither side wanted to engage the other directly.
More Lead Up
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The spring of 1940, Germany captured Denmark and Norway and early
summer, France and the Low Countries (Netherlands).
In 1940, Italy declared war and attacked France just before the surrender.
Germany then targeted the United Kingdom and attempted to cut them off
from much need supplies and gain control of the air to make an airborne
attack possible.
This failed and enabled the British forces to focus on the Italian and German
forces battling in the Mediterranean Basin.
This however was not successful in keeping the Axis powers from
conquering the Balkans.
They had more success in the Mediterranean Sea, dealing massive damage
to the Italian Naval forces. This also gave them the first victory over
Germany when they won the Battle of Britain.
In June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union which triggered the Soviet
Union to form an alliance with Great Britain. The attack was originally
successful but began to stall by winter.
Blitzkrieg (Lightning Warfare)
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September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland under a ‘faked Polish attack’
on a German post.
On the 3rd of the same month, the UK issued an ultimatum to Germany, no
reply was received. Later that day Britain, Australia, New Zealand, France,
South Africa, Canada, and Nepal all declared war on Germany.
Immediately, the UK began seizing German ships and implemented a
blockade.
This was the time called the ‘Phoney War’ because neither side would
launch a direct attack. The UK and allies failed to send support for the
Poles.
The German military forces ripped through the Polish forces and captured
Warsaw on the 8th.
On the 17th, the Soviet Union kept its agreement and invaded Poland from
the east. Poland was soon overwhelmed and the last Polish forces
surrendered on October 6th.
Continued…
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Germany paused to regroup during the winter, the UK and France stayed on
the defensive.
In April 1940, both German and Allied forces launched simultaneous
operations around Norway over Swedish iron ore.
Germany won and gained control over Norway and Denmark. It was at a
heavy cost to their surface navy.
This lead to the Norway Debate in London where Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain resigned, he was replaced by Winston Churchill.
Italy attacked France on June 10, 1940 in the Alps. France was
overwhelmed by the sudden attack and was forced to sign an armistice with
Germany.
This lead to direct occupation of Paris and two-thirds of France and the
establishment of a German Puppet State head-quartered in south-eastern
France known as Vichy France.
The Pains of War…
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French and British soldiers taken prisoner at
Dunkirk during the Battle of France.
Bombed buildings in London during
the Blitz.
Battle of the Atlantic (1939-1945)
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This nautical battle lasted the duration of the war and started right after the
German invasion of Poland. It started due to a German U-boat torpedoing a
British liner, the SS Athenia.
The British quickly put into place a convoy act, letting merchant ships sell
with protection. Sadly, they were short of convoy ships and many merchants
had to sell without protection.
The French navy was removed from the allied force which allowed the
German naval forces to use an increased range in their vessels.
The British navy was very stretched. Based in the English channel to protect
against the German forces, fighting in the Mediterranean Sea to back up the
losses in the French fleet, and helping to escort the merchant ships.
The US then struck the Destroyers for Bases Act which allowed the US to
use British bases in exchange for fifty destroyers. These were used to carry
out the convoy duties.
U-boats had a huge success and were put into mass production. Also this
lead to the development of the wolf pack technique (mass attacks).
Continued…
An allied tanker torpedoed in 1942.
A German U-boat under attack by
Allied aircraft in 1943.
Continued (again)…
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Germany’s navy was severely weakened by the capture of Norway. They
lost heavy tankers like the Graf Spee and the Bismarck.
Because of the loss of the Bismarck, Hitler ordered all heavy surface
vessels to Norwegian waters to protect from a possible Allied attack on
Scandinavia.
In May 1941, British forces captured a German Enigma machine (a cipher
machine used to encrypt and decrypt messages) which greatly assisted in
breaking German codes to help evade U-boat attacks.
In 1941, the Soviet Union joined the war on the side of the Allies but lost
much of their equipment and manufacturing base due to the German
invasion.
The Western Allies tried to help this by sending Arctic convoys which were
faced with much harassment by German forces.
When the US entered the war in December, they did not take precautions
against German submarines which dealt a great loss to shipping. The
Germans refer to this as the “Second Happy Time”. Informally, of course.
Continued (again…again)…
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In June, the Leigh light allowed Allied aircraft to illuminate U-boats that had
been detected by their radar.
Soon, the Germans found a way to negate this by developing Metox, a radar
that gave them full notice of when an aircraft like that was near.
In American waters, the institution of shore blackouts resulted in a drop in
attacks. This resulted in the U-boats shifting back to the mid-Atlantic by
August.
In December, a very powerful German naval force attacked a an Arctic
convoy on its way to the Soviet Union: they failed to destroy a single
merchant ship.
This led up to the resignation of Grand Admiral Erich Raeder, the supreme
leader of the Kriegsmarine.
He was replaced by the Commander of Submarines Karl Donitz. He
switched all naval building priorities to the U-boats.
The Battle Turns…
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In January 1943, the British developed the H2S radar. This was
undetectable by Metox.
The Germans, once again, developed a counter, the Naxos radar detector.
This allowed German fighters to focus in on Allied forces using the H2S
system.
In the spring, the Allies began to take the war in their favor. Black May, as it
is called, showed that there were fewer losses in the Allied naval force and
the German forces lost 25 % of their active U-boats.
That December, the German forces lost their last active battle cruiser in the
Battle of North Cape. The Kriegsmarine was unable to ever gain another
hold like they had. The Allied forces had proved that their tactics were
effective and they were truly powerful.
Sights of War…
A British crusader tank passes a
burning German Panzer lV in the
Western Dessert Campaign.
US soldiers battle a machine
gun nest in the Italian
Campaign.
Battle of Calabria…
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A naval battle between the Italian Navy and the Royal British and
Australian navies.
It occurred 30 miles to the east of Punta Stilo on July 9, 1940.
Both sides claimed to have a victory. In truth it was a tie and both
sides retreated to their bases as quickly as they could.
Soon after the battle, the Allies used their infamous propaganda to
try and convince the Italians that the battle had been an Allied
victory.
Of course, this worked both ways. The Italians used their
propaganda to try and convince the same.
Casualties and Losses for the
Battle of Calabria…
Allied
Axis
Combatants
United Kingdom
Australia
Italy
Commanders
Andrew Cunningham
Inigo Campioni
Strength
1 Aircraft Carrier
3 Battleships
5 Light Cruisers
16 Destroyers
2 Battleships
6 Heavy Cruisers
8 Light Cruisers
16 Destroyers
Casualties
1 Light Cruiser Damaged
2 Destroyers Damaged
1 Battleship Damaged
1 Heavy Cruiser Damaged
1 Light Cruiser Damaged
The Holocaust
“We only have to kick in the door and the whole rotten
structure will come crashing down.” –Adolf Hitler
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This is the period of time during World War ll that approximately 9 to 11
million people, Jewish or not, lost their lives in death camps.
Most people believe that it was only Jews that were taken to these camps.
This is a common misconception. This is a list of who was targeted.
Jews
Homosexuals
Disabled
Catholics
Mentally ill
Freemasons
Jehovah’s Witnesses
Mormons
Soviet POWs
Mouth of Hell…
Continued…
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The whole thing was carried out by the National Socialist German Workers
Party, led by Adolf Hitler.
Though many types of people were killed in the Holocaust, many scholars
do not consider them part of the actual event. It is general referred to as the
Genocide (destruction) of the Jews.
Jews were massacred in many ways. They were removed from power in
government right before the war. Many were captured and forced to work in
the concentration camps until they died of exhaustion or disease. And the
Einsatzgruppen (intervention groups) murdered political opponents and
Jews in mass shootings while the Third Reich did its job conquering new
territory in Europe.
Everyone was loaded into a ghetto before being transported to the death
camps. If they survived the ride, the majority of them were killed in gas
chambers.
Every branch and arm of Germany’s government was in on this. This leaves
history to call them a ‘Genocidal Nation.’
Genocide…
List of Camps with Death toll…
Camp Name
Auschwitz
Belzec
Chelmno
Jasenovac
Majdanek
Maly Trostinets
Sobibor
Treblinka
Killed
1,400,000
600,000
320,000
600,000
360,000
65,000
250,000
870,000
The Liberation…
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The Holocaust was finally ended when word had escaped about the
death camps.
The first large camp, Majdanek, was discovered by a force of
advancing Soviets on July 23, 1944. In January of 1945, Auschwitz
was liberated, also by the Soviets.
Treblinka, Sobibor, and Belzec were never liberated but were
destroyed by the Nazis in 1943.
7,000 inmates were found at Auschwitz which includes 180 children
that had been experimented on by doctors.
60,000 thousand prisoners were discovered at yet another camp,
Bergen-Belsen, by the British 11th division.
13,000 corpses went unburied and another 10,000 died over the
next few weeks from Typhus or malnutrition. The British forced the
remaining German soldiers to bury the corpses in mass graves.
Pearl Harbor
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On December 7, 1941, a Japanese carrier fleet caught the US of
guard and launched a surprise air attack on the ‘sleeping’
battleships stationed at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.
This destroyed most of the American Aircraft stationed there and
took the American Battle Fleet out of action, temporarily.
Three battleships were sunk and five more were heavily damaged.
Only the USS Arizona and the USS Oklahoma were lost
permanently. The other ships were eventually retrieved, repaired,
and returned to fight.
Luckily, the dock and main supply were repaired quickly. The main
fuel storage facilities, which could have left the fleet powerless, were
left untouched.
The very next day, December 8th, both the US and the UK declared
war on Japan.
The Re-Group…
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The Allies were officially formed on January 1, 1942 by the
Declaration of United Nations.
In May, 1942 the Japanese implemented Mo Sakusen (Operation
Mo) to take Port Moresby located in New Guinea.
The Yorktown was severely damaged and the Lexington was
completely sunk. The Japanese lost their light carrier Shoho and the
heavy carrier Shokaku was damaged. The aircraft carrier Zuikaku
lost half of her planes and was unable to participate in the upcoming
battle at Midway.
It was a victory on both sides in the end. For the Japanese, a
tactical victory. The Americans lost more than the Japanese. For the
Americans, a strategic victory. The Japanese attack had been
deflected and they had completely immobilized two large threats to
the navy, Shokaku and the Zuikaku.
The Philippines
General MacArthur’s troops liberated
the Philippines landing on the island of Leyte on
October 20, 1944.
 The Japanese had prepared themselves for a
rigorous battle and used the last of their naval
forces to launch a failed attempt to destroy the
invading attack in the Battle of Leyte Gulf from
October 23 through October 26. This was
(arguably) the largest naval battle in history.
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Japanese Home Islands
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The US captured Iwo Jima in February.
This island was very psychologically important because it was traditionally Japanese
territory. It was rich with underground entrenchments but was eventually taken by
Marines after the capture of Mount Suribachi, a keystone of defense.
This was a valuable capture due to the two airfield that could be used for emergency
landings of B29s and it was close enough to provide a fighter escort to the Japanese
homelands.
With the subsequent capture of Okinawa, the Japanese homeland was in easier
reach of the US air force. The Japanese defended the island with everything from
ground forces to kamikaze to even the suicide mission of the battleship, Yamato. It
was sunk by American dive-bombers.
Among other Japanese cities, Tokyo was fire-bombed and about 90,000 people died
from the initial attack. The density and wooden structures contributed heavily to the
loss of life.
End of the War in Asia
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The last Allied conference of the war was held at Potsdam, outside of Berlin, from
July 17 to August 2, 1945. Here, it was decided that there would be nothing less than
an unconditional surrender from Japan.
President Harry Truman decided that the new atomic weapon should be used to end
the war as quickly and as efficiently as possible.
On August 6, 1945, a B-29 Superfortress, the Enola Gay dropped the nuclear
weapon, dubbed Little Boy, on Hiroshima. It destroyed the city.
On August 9, 1945, a B-29 named Bockscar dropped the second atomic weapon,
dubbed Fat Man, on the port city Nagasaki.
Two days after the bombing of Hiroshima, the Soviet Union attacked the weakened
Japanese forces, ignoring their nonaggression pact with Japan and carrying out the
Yalta pledge to attack Japan three months after the end of the war in Europe.
Within two weeks, the Japanese army in Manchuria, which consisted of over one
million men, was destroyed by the battle-hardened Soviets.
The Japanese Surrender
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The atomic weapons that were dropped prompted Emperor Hirohito
to intervene and end the war.
When he did his radio address, he never did mention the Soviet
invasion but ordered his troops to lay down their weapons and
cease fire. He stressed relationship between Soviet entrance into
the war and his decision to surrender.
He omitted any mention of the atomic weapons that were used.
The Japanese officially surrendered on August 15, 1945, or V-J
Day, signing the Japanese Instrument of Surrender of September 2.
The Japanese soldiers in China formerly surrendered to the
Chinese on September 9, 1945.
In Conclusion…
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That was WWll in a nutshell.
The Allied powers won due to the atomic
weapons that caused enough damage to flatten
two cities. This was the only time in history that
these weapons have been used.
The new technology developed during this time
of war have developed more powerful weapons
that contribute to current wars and battle
strategies that lead to swift victories and tragic
enemy losses.
The Sequel to the War to End
All Wars…
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That was WORLD WAR 2!!
References…
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Wikipedia.org
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World Book
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The World History text book
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Coach Vice’s lectures
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Coach Ross’ lectures
SECTION TWO
HANDWRITTEN
REPORT