Download Skeletal+Muscular Systems

Skeletal+Muscular Systems
2 Parts of the Skeleton
• Axial Skeleton: The skull and the bones that support it, including
vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
• Appendicular Skeleton: Includes the bones of arms and legs, along
with the bones associated with them.
Joints:
• Joints: Found where 2 or more bones meet.
• Often held together by ligaments.
• Ligaments: Tough band of connective tissue that attach bones
together.
• Joints with high flexibility often surrounded by ligaments.
Movement in Joints
• Many joints have fluid filled sacs called bursae.
• Used to reduce friction
• Movement of joints is controlled by muscle. Tendons attach
muscle to bones.
What is the difference between a tendon and
a ligament.
• Ligaments attach bones to bones, tendons attach muscles to bones.
Compact Bone
• On the outside of every bone is hard bone or compact bone.
• Made of osteon systems (made of osteocytes) which are living bone
cells.
• Receive oxygen and nutrients from small blood vessels running within
osteon systems.
Spongy Bone
• Surrounded by compact bone.
• Less dense and contains many holes and spaces.
Skeletal System Functions
• Provide a framework for the tissues of your body.
• Produce red blood cells with red marrow.
• Store fats with yellow marrow.
• Store minerals including calcium and phosphate.
3 Types of Muscle
• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Skeletal
Smooth Muscle
• Shaped to form a coating for organs.
• Known as an involuntary muscle
• Used for processes out of our control.
• Ex: Used to squeeze food through the intestine
Cardiac Muscle
• Also involuntary
• Form a network of fibers to allow the heart to beat efficiently.
• Only in the heart.
Skeletal Muscle
• Majority of your muscles
• Attached to (and moves) bones
• Voluntary muscle
Glycolytic vs Oxidative Muscle Fibers
• Oxidative: Rely on cellular respiration to get energy. Used for
sustained movement.
• Glycolytic: Rely on glycolysis for energy. Used for short powerful
movements.
Why is dark meat dark and white meat white?
• Red meat comes from oxidative (needs more blood for more oxygen)
and white meat comes from glycolytic (less blood required because
less need for oxygen)