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Review of PPT notes grading • PowerPoints notes must be in Cornel Notes form • PowerPoints must be viewed in PowerPoint form Review of PPT notes grading • Total points = 20 • 10 points – Slide notes • Each slide needs to be identified on the left • At least one sentence on the right • 10 points – five sentence answer to Essential Questions • Heading • • • • Name _______________ Subject _____________ Unit # _______________ PPT # ______ (or Historic People, Key Terms, Events and Ideas) Events and Ideas #1 The Approaching War U.S. History Unit 5 Contains One Crash Course Video: • Episode #35 – World War II – Part I Essential Question: • Analyze the actions of the United States government at the onset of the war in Europe and Asia before we entered the war. Crash Course Video: World War II – Part 1 Episode #35: • Complete the worksheet that goes with the following video: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Objoad 6rG6U Neutrality Acts • F.D.R. believed that trade between countries… – created prosperity – prevented war • American public wanted isolationism and neutrality. • Congress passed the Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937. Neutrality Acts • Germany and Japan continued their rampage around the world, the U.S. began to throw their support behind the Allies. • To stop Japanese expansion into China and British holdings in Asia, the U.S. placed sanctions against Japan. Neutrality Acts • Prevented arms and ammunition shipments to any country in a war. – July 1937, Japanese forces invade Manchuria. – Lend-Lease Act ends the policy of neutrality. – FDR sells weapons to China. Tense Relations with Germany • German submarines patrolling the Atlantic were sinking shipping vessels. • The British navy did not have enough ships to stop them. • Roosevelt and Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter declaring the Atlantic part of the Western Hemisphere neutral. • The Atlantic Charter allowed the U.S. Navy to protect shipping and attack Germany’s aggressive submarines. Tense Relations with Germany • Sept. 1941 a German U-boat fired on the American destroyer Greer • Roosevelt ordered a “shoot on sight” policy toward German submarines. The United States destroyer Greer Lend-Lease Act • US would sell arms to warring nations with these conditions: – Had to pay cash. – Had to transport arms. • Britain ran out of funds by 1940. • Allowed the US to lend or lease arms to any country “vital to the defense of the United States.” Offloading a Lend-Lease tank in the USSR • Britain had to promise to pay “rent” on the arms or return them at the end of the war. Lend- Lease Act • Program under which the U.S. supplied munitions, ships, aircraft and other material to: – United Kingdom – Soviet Union – China – Free France Export Control Act • Great Britain, busy fighting Hitler, could not defend their colonial holdings in Asia. • Japan, lacking in natural resources for their military, depended on the US for supplies. • FDR feels obligated to support Great Britain by restricting the selling of supplies to Japan • 1940, Congress passes Export Control Act Japan invades China in 1937 Export Control Act • United States, fearing: – The advance of Japanese expansion – Cooperation between Germany and Japan banned the export of aircraft parts, aviation fuel, scrap metal and iron to Japan. • Japan responds by signing an alliance with Germany and Italy. U.S. Exports to Japan 1939 (in Millions of Dollars) • Founded in September of 1940. America First Committee • An isolationist group that firmly opposed… - American intervention. - aid to the allies. • The committee attempted to influence public opinion against helping the allies. Charles Lindbergh speaks at “America First Rally.” Roosevelt and Internationalism • Internationalists believed the U.S. should try to preserve peace in the world. • Roosevelt supported internationalism but he knew he had to work with the isolationists. Political Cartoon depicting Isolationist attitudes Embargo of Japan • FDR hoped that Lend-Lease aid would help China fight off attacks from Japan. • China failed to hold off Japan. • The Japanese were now in position to strike British shipping and bomb Hong Kong and Singapore. Embargo of Japan • FDR froze all Japanese assets in the United States and enacted an oil embargo. (80% of Japan’s oil came from the U.S.) • Without oil Japan’s only choice was the death of their empire or seize oil fields in Indo-china. • The only force capable of interfering was the US fleet in Pearl Harbor. Cost-Plus Contract • The German blitzkrieg into France in May 1940 shocked America. • Roosevelt declared a national emergency. • FDR announced a plan to build 50,000 warplanes a year. • Businesses needed incentive so… – Government agreed to pay costs “plus” profits. – Cost-plus contracts convinced many factories to convert to war production. Cost-Plus Contract • During the war, the government subsidized wages through cost-plus contracts • Using cost-plus for wages, factories hired hundreds of thousands of unskilled workers and trained them at the governments expense. • Informal policies against hiring women, minorities, and workers over 45 or under 18 were sharply reduced. 4 million women took government clerical jobs. Four Freedoms Speech • Given in Roosevelt’s 1941 State of the Union Address • He proposed four fundamental freedoms that people “everywhere in the world” ought to enjoy: – Freedom of speech and expression – Freedom of worship – Freedom from want – Freedom from fear Norman Rockwell's depiction of the Four Freedoms Four Freedoms Speech • The last two freedoms went beyond the traditional US Constitutional values protected by the First amendment • Endorsed a right to economic security • Portrayed an internationalist view of foreign policy. Essential Question: • Analyze the actions of the United States government at the onset of the war in Europe and Asia before we entered the war.