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Transcript
ACCELERATION AND MOMENTUM WHAT IS THE SECOND LAW OF MOTION? β’ Newtonβs Second Law of Motion- the acceleration of an object is related to the objectβs mass and to the amount of force applied to the object. β’ πππππ = πππ π × πππππππππ‘πππ β’ A large force on an object with a small mass results in a large acceleration. β’ A small force applied to an object with a large mass causes small acceleration. β’ When a force is applied, objects with less mass accelerate more quickly. β’ 2 results of Newtonβs Second Law: β’ β’ For a given net force, objects with a greater mass have less acceleration. For objects of a given mass, a greater force results in a greater acceleration. WHAT IS NEWTONβS THIRD LAW OF MOTION? β’ Newtonβs Third of Motion- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. β’ Anytime one object exerts a force on another object, a pair of forces acts. β’ An action-reaction pair of forces. β’ The two forces have the same strength but act in opposite directions. β’ If the objects have different masses, the object with less mass will move more but still exert the same force. WHAT IS MOMENTUM? β’ Momentum- the quantity that measures both the mass of the object and how fast the object is moving. β’ ππππππππ = ππππ × ππππππππ β’ An object is easier to stop when it is moving slowly compared with when it is moving rapidly. β’ The greater the objectβs momentum, the more force and time it takes to bring it to a stop. β’ A baseball has more momentum than a tennis ball when the 2 are traveling at the same speed because the baseball has more mass. β’ A tennis ball can have more momentum than a baseball if the speed of the tennis ball is great enough. HOW IS MOMENTUM CONVERTED? β’ Conservation of momentum- the total momentum does not change if there is no outside forces acting on the system. β’ Look at the picture. Before the girl pushed the boy, the total momentum of the skaters was zero. The total momentum cannot change. β’ The girl must have enough momentum to the left to cancel the boyβs momentum to the right. HOW DO WEIGHT AND MASS COMPARE? β’ The weight of an object depends on its location in the universe and how much gravity is pulling on it. β’ The mass of an object does not change. WHAT IS WEIGHTLESSNESS? β’ When something is freefalling, a scale would not be able to read its weight, so the object is weightless. β’ β’ When an astronaut is in space, they are freefalling.. β’ To simulate weightlessness, you can work underwater because water reduces your weight when your submerged. β’ Gravity and inertia keep a satellite in orbit. Since everything in the spacecraft is falling together, the weight of any object cannot be detected. β’ β’ Both motions happen continuously, and they combine to keep a satellite in a curved path. Placing a satellite in orbit requires accelerating it to a sideways velocity great enough to keep its path of motion from colliding with the surface of the Earth.