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Launch Key Terms Overview •Add the definition to your glossary: Try to write each definition in your own words! •Add a fun fact from the illustration captions. •Bonus: Add a visual to help you remember the definition. (You can draw in the margins.) Agenda 1 Launch Monarchy: A form of government in which one person, such as a king, queen, or emperor, rules and holds the power. The power is usually passed down through the family. Cecrops: The mythical first king of Athens (an important Greek city-state.) King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (Present day absolute monarch!) Agenda 2 Launch oligarchy—a form of government in which a small group of people, usually wealthy aristocrats, rule and hold power together. Aristocrats were wealthy landowners in ancient Greece One well known oligarchy was found in Sparta, an ancient Greek city-state. Agenda 3 Launch Tyranny: A form of government in which the ruler seizes and takes power illegally, often through force. In 510 BC, Cleisthenes helped Athens be set free from the Tyrant Hippias. He was the last tyrant of Athens. Statue of Cleisthenes Agenda 4 Launch Direct Democracy: A type of government in which the power is held by the people. Every citizen can vote on every issue. Citizens on the Pnyx, a flat-topped hill in Athens to debate and vote. Citizens participated in many ways. As many as 6,000 citizens were expected to participate in the assembly, 500 on the council, and at least 200 on juries. Agenda 5 Launch Assembly—A group of citizens who gathered together in ancient Greece to pass laws. Ancient Athenian citizens were expected to participate in the Assembly. In the 5th century public slaves were used to herd citizens from the agora into the meeting place (Pynx) with a redstained rope. A fine was given to those who got the red on their clothes. Later, in 403 BCE, pay for participation was used, but only for the first 6,000. Agenda 6 Launch Citizen: A person who legally belongs to a country and has the rights and protection of that country. A citizen in ancient Athens only included Athenian men who had completed military training. Slaves, freed slaves, women, and children were not included. By 450 BCE, both mothers and fathers had to be Athenians for a man to be considered a citizen. This meant that only about 20% of the population actively participated. Two famous citizens: Plato and Aristotle Agenda 7