Download Events and the Effects of the World War I

Title: Events and Effects of World War I
Lesson Author: Matthew Walker
Key Words: Treaty, Armistice, Tank, Airplane, Submarine
Grade Level: 9th
Time Allotted: 1 hour 30 minutes
Rationale/ Purpose (so what?)
To introduce students to the main events, key people, outcomes, and lasting effects of World War I.
This lesson will focus on how the outcome of World War I still affects the world today.
Key Concept(s) include definition:
Propaganda: information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political
cause or point of view.
Trench Warfare: a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other,
usually results in high casualties and dire living conditions for troops.
War of Attrition: where opposing sides attempt to wear down the other through consistent attacks.
Fair: jus or appropriate in the circumstances
Schlieffen Plan: the German war plan on how to fight a two-front war with France and Russia.
NCSS Standard(s)
SOL Information (As written in the Virginia SOL “Curriculum Framework” for the grade level)
NCSS Theme (s) with indicators: Theme 9: Global Connections
9.2 Help learners explain conditions and motivations that contribute to conflict, cooperation, and
interdependence among groups, societies, and nations.
9.5 Guide learner analysis of relationships and tensions between national sovereignty and global
interests in such matters as territorial disputes, economic development, nuclear and other weapons
deployment, use of natural resources, and human rights concerns.
SOL: WHII.9.a,b The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War I by
A: explaining economic and political causes, major events, and identifying major leaders of the war,
with emphasis on Woodrow Wilson and Kaiser Wilhelm II
B: explaining the outcomes and global effect of the war and the Treaty of Versailles
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Essential Knowledge
Essential Skills
(minimum for SOL Resource Guide)
(minimum for SOL Resource Guide)
Major events
Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand
United States enters war
Russia leaves the war
Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to
analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the
world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b)
Major leaders
Woodrow Wilson
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Identify and compare contemporary political
boundaries with the location of civilizations,
empires, and kingdoms. (WHII.1d)
Outcomes and global effects
• Colonies’ participation in the war, which
increased demands for independence
• End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German,
and Austro-Hungarian empires
• Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and
social disruption
Treaty of Versailles
• Forced Germany to accept guilt for war and loss
of territory and pay reparations
• Limited the German military
Guiding Question(s):
What were the lasting effects of World War I on the 20th century?
Was the treaty of Versailles fair punishment for Germany?
Assessment Tool(s):
Students will be evaluated based on their participation in the class discussions.
Students will convene into groups of 4 or 5 and create their own Treaty of Versailles that must address
the issues found in the original treaty. The new treaty of each group will be written on giant “Post-it’s”
and put on the walls around the room. This assignment will be done in class and the students will
receive their grade based on their participation and the completion of the assignment.
Background: How does this lesson fit into a unit of study? Looking backwards, looking forwards
This lesson will be a continuation from the previous day’s lesson on the causes of WWI. The lesson will
draw on the students’ prior knowledge of the causes and relate them to the events, key leaders, and the
outcomes of the war. The lesson will introduce the Russian Revolution and provide a connecting path
for the discussion of the overall effects of WWI and how the war affected the social, economic, and
political situation of Europe and all countries involved in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
Lesson Objective(s):
Students will be able to:
1. Identify and explain the main characteristics and events of World War I.
2. Identify and explain the main influential leaders during World War I, their goals, and their effects
on the war and its outcome.
3. Identify and discuss the major aspects of the Treaty of Versailles
Historical Source(s): (include copies in materials
Additional Materials/Resources: (include
section)
copies in materials section)
Theodore Roosevelt’s paper on the Lusitania
The Zimmerman Note
Zimmerman Note Political Cartoon
Picture of the Lusitania
Picture of Franz Ferdinand
The daily agenda
Slot Notes
WWI PowerPoint
Information sheet on the “14 Point Plan” and
the Treaty of Versailles
Textbook – World History: The Human
Experience
Procedure/Process:
JUST DO IT! The “Hook”: (A high-interest activity that introduces new content with connections to students’ prior
knowledge. Between 1-5 minutes (Could also introduce the days guiding question)
The students will be given a set of review questions of the previous lesson. They will also be asked to write down a fair
and proper punishment for someone they have caught stealing from their home, but this activity will be given during the
lesson before we begin the discussion on the Treaty of Versailles.
Obj #
See
above.
Processing Activity and Procedure -include directions,
question frames, assignment detail to be given to
students (these should all be made into explicit materials
(e.g. see material A), and time estimates
Check for Evidence of Understanding
-Either Formal or Informal(Checks Essential Knowledge and Skills)
The review questions will be gone over as
a class and discussed to ensure the
Just do it.
students have gained the desired
understanding of the material.
The review questions will be discussed and checked to gauge the students’ understanding. Then the day’s
Transition:
guiding questions will be introduced and will lead into the lesson on the events, people, and outcomes of the
The students will be given a set of review questions of the
previous lesson.
(5 minutes)
war.
(5 minutes)
PowerPoint lesson on the main events, characteristics, and
The students’ understanding will be
people of World War I. The students will take notes at
checked through informal methods such
designated points throughout the PowerPoint, and will be asked
as monitoring participation during
Objective
questions about the material that connect it to present events in discussions, requiring notes to be taken,
1, 2
and through asking questions that require
Iraq, the War on Terror, and other examples of war and
them to draw on their understanding of
diplomacy.
(20 – 30 minutes)
the material.
The students will be handed slotted note sheets to fill out from the overhead. The slotted notes will be used
as a review of the information covered in the PowerPoint so far. After the students have finished their slot
notes they will asked to describe how they would punish someone they caught stealing from them. While
Transition:
they are writing their answers they will be given an information sheet on the 14 Point Plan and the main
parts of the Treaty of Versailles.
(15 minutes)
The class will go over the handouts on the 14 Point Plan and the
Treaty of Versailles. The students will then be asked to evaluate
if the goals of the two documents are reasonable and fair to all
The students’ understanding will be
countries involved. The students will then be divided into
prearranged groups and asked to come up with their own Treaty checked through their participation in the
Objective
discussion, their participation in their
of Versailles, or 14 Point Plan, that they believe are worthy
2, 3
groups, and the completion of the activity
punishments for Germany and the other Central powers. The
as directed.
groups will write their “Treaties,” that address the same issues
as the original, on giant Post-its and place them around the
room.
(20 – minutes)
With the remaining time each group will be asked to explain their “Treaties” and their reasons for picking the
Transition: punishments they did. If any time is left we will go over a list of review questions for the day’s lesson. For
homework the students will be assigned to read pages 776 – 780 in their books.
Closure/Writing Prompt:
The lesson’s writing prompt will be the creation of their own “Treaties” for what they view would be justified and
reasonable treatment of Germany and the other Central powers after WWI. The closure will involve reviewing and
discussing the “Treaties.”
Materials (one resource per page- so it becomes a teacher or student handout, or overhead directions or ppt
presentation):
Material A: Theodore Roosevelt’s paper on the sinking of the Lusitania
Material B: Zimmerman Note
19 January, 1917:
The Zimmerman Note
to the German Minister to Mexico
Berlin, January 19, 1917
On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is
our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America.
If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That
we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support,
and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and
Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement....
You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as
soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that
the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting
adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan.
Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine
warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months.
Zimmerman
(Secretary of State
Life on the Front Lines: Trench Warfare
Captain Bellenden
I have never seen a drearier sight than the salient in front of Ypres -- churned up mud with
mucky shell holes and never a tree as far as the eye could reach. It was necessary to march single
file on duck walk because of the mud for a distance of five or six miles when going in for a tour.
We were machine-gunned and bombed from the air and subjected to a terrific shelling on the
way in and nothing like a real trench system was possible, the line being held by a series of posts
in shell holes.
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point Plan
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VII.
VIII.
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XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
Open and clear diplomacy, no private alliances or
ententes.
Freedom of the seas in peace and war, unless otherwise
internationally agreed upon.
Free and open trade for all nations that agree to the peace
treaty.
Reduce national armaments and weapons of war.
A re-adjustment of all colonial claims where the rights,
liberties, and freedom of the colonized are of equal
concern.
Leave Russia alone to work out its own difficulties of revolution,
and do not interfere on either side. Accept the forming Russian
government into the brotherhood of free nations and respect them
and their decided political development.
Restore Belgium, and its government to its status before the war.
Restore France to its status before the war, and award them the
territories of Alsace-Lorraine that were taken from them in 1871.
Adjust the boarders of Italy along the lines of nationality.
Allow Austria-Hungary to develop on their own strength, without
interference.
Allow the Balkan states to be re-created to fit along agreed upon
lines of historical and allegiance and nationality. Also, allow Serbia
access to the sea.
Give the Turkish portion of the Ottoman Empire secure
sovereignty and allow the nationalities under Turkish rule freedom
to develop autonomously.
Create a Polish nation along the boarder of the indisputable Polish
populations, and allow them access to the sea.
A general association of nations must be formed under
specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual
guarantees of political independence and territorial
integrity to great and small states alike.
*Statements in bold are the main points pushed by Woodrow
Wilson.
Treaty of Versailles / Make Your Own Activity
Directions: In your groups come up with a “Punishment Plan” for the boy(s) you believe caused
the fight. Each “Punishment Plan” AT LEAST must include the following:
• What to do with the boy’s weapons
• Should he pay for any damages
• Anything else you consider important
Write your “Punishment Plan” on the giant sheet of construction paper given to your group.
Territorial
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The League of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies. Germany had
to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Some of this land was made into new states: Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. An enlarged
Poland also received some of this land.
Military
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Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men
The army was not allowed tanks
They were not allowed an air force
They were not allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
The west of the Rhineland and 50 km east of the River Rhine was made into a
demilitarized zone (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone.
The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15
years.
Financial
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The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to any attempts by Germany
to rebuild her economy.
With the financial penalties linked to reparations, it seemed clear to Germany that the
Allies wanted nothing else but to bankrupt her.
Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one super state, in an attempt
to keep her economic potential to a minimum.
General
There are three vital clauses here:
1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231 - the
infamous "War Guilt Clause".
2. Germany, as she was responsible for starting the war as stated in clause 231, was, therefore
responsible for all the war damage caused by the First World War.
• Therefore, Germany had to pay reparations, the bulk of which would go to France and
Belgium to pay for the damage done to the infrastructure of both countries by the war.
Quite literally, reparations would be used to pay for the damage to be repaired.
• Payment could be in kind or cash. The figure was not set at Versailles - it was to be
determined later. The Germans were told to write a blank check, which the Allies would
cash when it suited them.
• The figure was eventually put at 6.6 billion - a huge sum of money well beyond
Germany’s ability to pay.
3. A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.
Zimmerman Note Cartoon
World War I Events Slot Notes
Major Events
The archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated in
order to achieve a unified Slavic state.
After three years of stalemate in trench warfare, the United States enters
the war in 1917 in response to the Zimmerman Note.
The Zimmerman Note was sent to Mexico by the German Secretary of
State to persuade Mexico to attack the United States if they should enter
the war against Germany. The use of propaganda was influential in
bringing the U.S. into the first World War.
After the Russian Revolution, the leader of Russia, Lenin, pulled the
Russian army out of World War I in early 1918. The loss of troops and
supplies was too large for the army to sustain.
Technology of WWI
The increase in technology during WWI led to the implementation of the
submarine to control the seas. It also produced the first tanks to cross
“No Man’s Land” in the middle of the trenches between the two sides.
World War I saw the first uses of airplanes and Zeppelins for military
use. Flying aces such as the Red Baron were born during this era.
Trench warfare became the popular method of defense during WWI.
Soldiers were confined to close quarters that led to unhealthy conditions
and unsafe environments.
Leaders
Kaiser Wilhelm II began 1914 not wanting to go to war, but ended the
year deep in the first ever WORLD War. By 1916 the Kaiser had lost
control of his government and eventually was forced to abdicate his
throne on November 8, 1918.
Woodrow Wilson brought America into the war to defend against
German aggression, but by the end he became the champion for a
peaceful settlement.
Wilson’s 14 Point Plan paved the way for the League of Nations that
was adopted by the Treaty of Versailles.
Treaty of Versailles
Germany’s outside territory was taken
Germany’s military was limited
Germany’s financial system was crippled
Germany was forced to accept full responsibility for the war
Germany was forced to pay reparations for the damages caused during
the war
A League of Nations was established to prevent the escalation of war to
the same point again.
World War I Events Slot Notes
Major Events
The archduke of Austria-Hungary, _________________, was assassinated
in order to achieve a unified Slavic state.
After three years of stalemate in_______________, the United States
enters the war in 1917 in response to the___________________.
The Zimmerman Note was sent to _______by the German Secretary of
State to persuade Mexico to attack the ____________ if they should enter
the war against Germany. The use of ____________was influential in
bringing the U.S. into the first World War.
After the___________________, the leader of Russia, ______, pulled the
Russian army out of World War I in early_____. The loss of troops and
supplies was too large for the army to sustain.
Technology of WWI
The increase in __________during WWI led to the implementation of the
_________to control the seas. It also produced the first ______ to
cross “No Man’s Land” in the middle of the trenches between the two
sides.
World War I saw the first uses of _____________________for military
use. Flying aces such as the ____________ were born during this era.
_____________ became the popular method of defense during WWI.
Soldiers were confined to close quarters that led to unhealthy conditions
and unsafe environments.
Leaders
_______________ began 1914 not wanting to go to war, but ended the
year deep in the first ever WORLD War. By 1916 the Kaiser had lost
control of his government and eventually was forced to _________ his
throne on November 8, 1918.
_________________brought America into the war to defend against
German aggression, but by the end he became the champion for a
peaceful settlement.
Wilson’s _____________paved the way for the
_________________that was adopted by the Treaty of Versailles.
Treaty of Versailles
Germany’s outside _________was taken
Germany’s __________was limited
Germany’s financial system was crippled
Germany was forced to accept full _____________for the war
Germany was forced to pay ____________for the damages caused
during the war
A ________________was established to prevent the escalation of war
to the same point again.
Quiz: WWI Causes
1. Who was assassinated in 1914, and was the powder keg to start World War I?
a. Kaiser Wilhelm II
c. Tsar Nicholas II
b. Franz Ferdinand
d. Woodrow Wilson
2. A major cause of World War I was:
a. a decline in the policy of
c. the existence of opposing
imperialism
alliances
b. an increase in acts of aggression
d. the spread of communism
by England throughout Europe
3. Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary were allied in the:
a. Triple Alliance
c. Triple Agreement
b. Triple Entente
d. Big Three
4. A predominance of the armed forces in the administration or policy of the state is:
a. imperialism
c. militarism
b. institutionalism
d. armed forcism
5. A devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. The belief that nations will benefit from
acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international
goals is:
a. institutionalism
c. nationalism
b. country alliance
d. patriotism
6. The build up of the German, Russian, and French armies between 1880 and 1914 is an
example of:
a. imperialism
c. militarism
b. institutionalism
d. patriotism
7. The French were still mad at the Germans from losing land during which war?
a. Franco-Prussian
c. French Revolution
b. 100 years war
d. War of the Roses
8. The Slavic people of Austria-Hungary, Bosnia, and Serbia wanted their own:
a. national anthem
c. flag
b. independent country
d. Michael Jordan shoes
9. After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand Austria-Hungary blamed what country for
supporting terrorism?
a. Germany
c. Russia
b. Afghanistan
d. Serbia
10. Which one of these is NOT considered to be a cause of World War I?
a. Isolationism
c. Imperialism
b. Militarism
d. Serbian assassination of Austrian Archduke
“I am…” Poem
By: _________________________________
World War I Soldier
I am
I wonder
I hear
I see
I want
I am
I pretend
I feel
I touch
I worry
I cry
I am
I understand
I say
I dream
I try
I hope
I am
Daily Agenda
February 28, 2006
Let’s Get Started
1. All of the following were used for the first time in WWI EXCEPT:
a. Tanks
b. Gas
c. Airplanes
d. Alliances
2. Which of the following types of warfare is WWI most known for?
a. Trench
b. Gorilla
c. Scandalous
d. Unrestricted
3. What caused a “stalemate” in WWI from 1915 to 1917?
a. Use of machineguns
b. Equal army sizes on both sides
c. Trench Warfare
d. Use of poisonous gas
4. Why did America enter WWI in 1917?
a. The sinking of the Lusitania
b. The Zimmerman Telegram (Note)
c. The use of propaganda
d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
5. What was the “Powder Keg” that set off WWI?
a. Mobilization of Russian army
b. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
c. The “Race for Africa”
d. The Zimmerman Telegram (Note)
Today’s:
• SOL: WHII.9 a,b
• Interdisciplinary Question: What is the power of an idea?
• International Focus: What was World War I like for the soldier?
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Quick review of causes of WWI
Quiz on causes (oh yeah…that’s today)
Clarify the homework assignment from Friday
Finish up key events of WWI
Reinforcement Activity: Create your own treaty
Review Wilson’s 14 Point Plan & the Versailles Treaty
Slot notes
Uncover the soldiers’ experiences of WWI
Another Reinforcement Activity: “I am” poem
(All that today? Is Mr. Walker crazy?)
Hopefully…..and YES!!!
Checking for Understanding
Why did the United States enter the war?
What was the Zimmerman Note?
What role did propaganda play in pushing America into the war?
Why did Russia leave World War I early?
What were some of the new technological advances of WWI?
Why did colonies think they deserved independence after WWI?
Which empires saw their end after WWI?
What were the main points of the 14 Point Plan?
What did the Treaty of Versailles want to blame Germany for?
What restrictions did the Treaty of Versailles put on Germany’s military?