Download “Historical development of religious ideas, institutions, and practices”.

“Historical Development
of Religious Ideas,
Institutions, and
Practices”
Bad Laer , 2015
© International Association for Peace and Democracy Development
Religions
© International Association for Peace and Democracy Development
Programme:
●
What is Religion.
●
Some other definitions.
●
Overviews of Religions.
●
6 most important religions
●
Historical overview – movie.
●
The experiment – movie.
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What is Religion?
It is very difficult to give an exact definition of
religion, also because it means for everybody
something different. But all/most religions have:
●
– Belief
in Supernatural
There is something greater or bigger in the
universe
– Moral
Code
Code of Conduct (e.g. Ten Commandments)
including Taboos
– Prescribed
ritual acts
(to please, consult and even manipulate God)
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Theism, Atheism, Agnosticism
●
Diety:
a god or goddess /
the creator and supreme being
Theism: Belief that one or more dieties exist.
It is the core of most religions.
●
– Monotheism:
– Polytheism:
●
Belief in a single God.
Belief in multiple Gods.
Atheism: Disbelief in existence of any diety
Agnosticism: The view that the existence of any
diety is unknown and unknownable.
Without knowledge
of the existence of Gods.
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●
Animism, Reincarnation, Secularism
●
Animism:
– the
attribution of a living soul to plants,
inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.
– the
belief in a supernatural power that
organizes and animates (to give life to) the
material universe.
Reincarnation: The rebirth of a soul in another
body or form.
●
Secularism: The belief that religion should not
play a role in government, education, or other
public parts ©ofInternational
society.
Association for Peace and Democracy Development
●
Overviews of Religions 1
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Overviews of Religions 2
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Atlas of Faiths
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Some information about 6 Religions
１．
Christianity
２．
Islam
３．
Judaism
４．
Buddhism
５．
Hinduism
６．
Confucianism
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Christianity
Name of Deity:
2 billion
Origin: Israel
Founder: Jesus Christ (son of God)
Paul: wrote most the New Testament
33 AC
God
Monotheistic Trinity: 3 part God: Father / Son / Holy Spirit
Holy Book: Bible
Key word: Agape
Meaning: “Love” so love God & Love one another (Charitable Love)
Leadership: Priests, ministers, monks and nuns
Basic Beliefs:
●There is only one God, who watches over and cares for his people.
●Jesus Christ was the son of God. He dies to save humanity from sin, His death and resurrection
●Sins can always be forgiven.
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Major branches within Christianity
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1,2 billion
Origin: Saudi Arabia
620 AC
Founder: Muhammad
Angel Gabriel dictated the Koran to Muhammad
Islam
Name of Deity:
God (Allah)
Monotheism
Holy Book: Qur'an
Key word: Jihad
Meaning: “The holy Struggle” so ….. Struggling with self & others
Leadership: No clergy but a scholar class called the ulama and the Iman, who may lead prayers.
Basic Beliefs:
●Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life.
These pillars are:
●faith;
●prayer;
●almsgiving, or charity to the poor;
●fasting, which Muslisms perform during Ramadan;
●Pilgrimage to Mecca;
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Major branches of Islam
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Judaism
Name of Deity:
14,5 mllion
Origin: Israel
Founder: Abraham (Father)
Moses Received the Torah
950 BC
“Y'weh” creator (worship only)
Monotheism
Holy Book: Hebrew Bible, including the Torah
Key word: Torah
Meaning: “The Law” so ….. Being a law abiding citizen
Leadership: Rabbis
Basic Beliefs:
●There is only one God, who watches over and cares for his people.
●God loves and protect his people, but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomi
●Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings.
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362 mllion
Origin: India
520 BC
Founder: The Buddha
Born as a sheltered prince shocked by suffering.
He went on a journey: teaching is result
Polytheistic: sees gods as a race of beings subject to suffering as well.
Not required to worship them.
Buddhism
Name of Deity:
Holy Book: No one book- sacred texts, including the Dhammapada
Key word: Dukkah
Meaning:
“Suffering” that is created by “desire”
Move from suffering to happiness.
Leadership: Buddhist monks and nuns
Basic Beliefs:
●Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating their attachement to wor
●Nirvana is reached by following the Noble Eightfold path:
●Right views
●Right resolve
●Right speech
●Right conduct
●Right livelihood
●Right effort
●Right mindfulness
●Right concentration
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Hinduism
Name of Deity:
820 mllion
Origin: India
1000 BC
Founder: no one founder
A fusion of local beliefs created by an
Brahma: creator
Polytheistic: all gods part of an Universal mind (Worship any G
Holy Book: No one book- sacred texts, including the Vedas, the Puranas
Key word: Dharma
Meaning:
“Fulfillment” so personal fulfillment.
Leadership: Guru, holy man, Brahmin priest
Basic Beliefs:
●The soul never dies, but is continually reborn.
●Persons achieve happiness and enlightenment after they free themselves from their earthly desire
●Freedom of earthly desires comes from a lifetime of worship, knowledge and virtuous acts.
© International Association for Peace and Democracy Development
Confucianism
Name of Deity:
6,3 mllion
Origin: China
500 BC
Founder: Confucius
Confusius (viewed by many as a god).
Holy Book: the Analects, the Five Classics
Key word: Tian (天)
Meaning:
Commonly translated as "Heaven" or "Sky", but philologically
Leadership: no clergy
Basic Beliefs:
●Social order, harmony and good government should be based on strong family relationships.
●Respect for parents and elders is important to a well-ordered society.
●Education is important both to the welfare of the individual and the society.
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Dates and Fates of Major World
Religions
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History & Spread of Religions (2:35)
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The Holy Quran Experiment (3:30)
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The Golden Rules
Buddhism:
Hurt not others with which that pains yourself.
Christianity:
Do unto others as you would have them do unto
you.
Hindhuism:
Treat others as you yourself would be treated.
Islam:
Do unto all men as you would wish to have done
unto you.
Judaism:
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