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Music Chart Piece Composer Period Genre Turandot "Nessun Dorma" Tosca "Recondita Armonia" Respect Puccini [Italian] Puccini [Italian] Romantic Big Girls Don't Cry and Walk Like a Man Tell Him 20th Century Opera Aria Opera Aria Pop/Rock (gospel style) Pop/Rock 20th Century Pop/Rock In the Jungle 20th Century Pop/Rock I Get Around and Barbara Ann Come Ye Sons of Art The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte) "Revenge Aria" (Die Holle Rache) Digital mix of the castrati sound Gregorian chant 20th Century Pop/Rock Eine Kleine Nachtmusik m, G major I, allegro Die Walküre Ride of the Valkyries Romantic 20th Century Henry Purcell Baroque Mozart Classical [Austrian] Baroque Form Musical Characteristics sung by Pavarotti (lyric tenor) exoticism sung by Domingo (spinto tenor) Aretha Franklin (alto-soprano) Opera Frankie Valli & the Four Seasons [American] (falsetto used) Celine Dion and Barbara Streisand duet [American] (shows a contrast betw. timbre and charisma) The Tokens [American] (contrast betw. a male bass and a female soprano) The Beach Boys [American] (falsetto used) [British] (sung by a countertenor, and a chorus) high notes, extreme range, mellismas Aria "Queen of the Night" singer–coloratura soprano Opera Oral Tradition Middle Ages Chant Mozart [Austrian] Classical Serenade R. Wagner [German] Romantic Opera Farinelli (long breath, coloratura singing, high notes) mix between a mezzosoprano and a countertenor codified by the monks after Pope Gregory's order monophonic, mellismatic Sonata Allegro homophonic; exposition: theme 1 (closing ideas 2x), modulating bridge, theme 2 (closing ideas 2x) brass constant; uses modulations (most are prepared) Piece Composer Genre Form Musical Characteristics Canon in D J. Pachelbel Baroque [N. German] J.S. Bach Baroque Canon Canon polyphony; ground bass Fugue Fugue piccardy third to show contrast; pipe organ used J.S. Bach Baroque Suite and Air Binary (AB) (B repeats) Toccata and Fugue in D minor Brandenburg Concerto #2 in F major I, allegro Water Music Suite in D major – "Alla Hornpipe" Messiah "Hallelujah Chorus" J.S. Bach Baroque J.S. Bach Baroque Toccata and Fugue Concerto Grosso Toccata and Fugue Ritor-nello G.F. Handel Baroque [N. German] G.F. Handel Baroque Suite Ternary (ABA) Comfort Ye Four Seasons "Spring" I, allegro G.F. Handel A. Vivaldi [Venice] Aria Concerto "Little Fugue" in G minor "Air" on the G string from Orchestral Suite #3 Period Baroque Baroque Oratorio and ThroughChorus composed Ritor-nello polyphonic; moderate tempo & dynamic; constant modulation; driving beat & rhythm; non-symmetrical; music never stops (constant expansion) written for pipe organ; developments occur between statements of the subject in the exposition concertino: violin, oboe, flute, trumpet; uses modulations, sequences; polyphonic texture; fast-slow-fast movement; alternation between tutti and concertino uses brass (including the french horn); B is contrasting in key to A; A has a homophonic texture homophonic opening for unity & strength, monophonic for one God, polyphonic to build tension; terraced dynamics; inverted pedal point when building to the climax; pause before the final cadence to build suspense; word painting word painting; exalted:huge mellisma with coloratura writing symbols: trills to represent birds, water and stream, thunder and lightning, dance; mostly homophonic; all strings; programmatic Piece Composer Period Genre Form Musical Characteristics Symphony #94 in G major "Surprise" II. andante Trumpet Concerto in E flat major III. Finale Allegro Die Schöpfung "The Creation" "The Heavens Are Telling the Glory of God" Eine Kleine Nactmusik I. allegro III. minuetto allegro Symphony #40 in G major I. molto allegro III. minuetto allegro IV. allegro assai F.J. Haydn Classical Symphony Theme & Variation 4 variations, 2-3 bridges, surprise: fortisimo chord, use of terraced dynamics F.J. Haydn Classical Concerto (Sonata) Rondo polyphony, dialogue, trumpet timbre: bright and clear F.J. Haydn Classical Oratorio and Chorus Mozart Classical Serenade Sonata Allegro I) modulatory sequence, written for a party, 2 contrasting themes Symphony ABA new idea in a different key with a new affect Sonata Allegro I) "I'm not Bach, I'm not Brahms, I am Mozart," crescendo, Piano Concerto #20 in D major I. allegro Symphony #5 in C major I. allegro con brio Mozart Classical Piano Concerto Beethoven Bridge from Classical to Romantic Symphony Symphony #6 in F major Beethoven Program Symphony Symphony #9 in D minor IV. presto; allegro assai Beethoven Bridge from Classical to Romantic Bridge from Classical to Romantic fugal, polyphonic, solo/soloists, quartet chorus III) light-hearted, minuet and trio, B is a Mozart Classical Choral Symphony 1st theme in minor, 2nd theme in major, clarinet soloist III) dark and heavy, foreshadows romanticism, scherzo (joke) IV) "Mozart's in the closet, let him out, let him out, let him out," rocket theme Sonata Allegro piano cadenza written by Beethoven I) 4 themes, angry, emotionally controlled, more expressiveness, double exposition Sonata Allegro 1st theme–four note motif repeated 2nd theme–motif repeated again but inverted for bass, use of brass to introduce the theme, crescendo part of the form recapitulation–solo oboe unexpected coda–becomes a development, use of major in the 2nd theme 5 movements; movements III, IV, and V all run back to back III–merry gathering of country folk, IV–thunderstorm, V–shephard's song, glad and grateful feelings after the storm "Ode to Joy" poem by Schiller, theme is brotherhood of man IV) recitative pattens in the low strings, begins with dissonant chord, then soft w/ low strings, then explosions of the earlier dissonant cord Piece Composer Period Genre Symphony #8 in B minor "Unfinished" I. allegro moderato Piano Quintet in A major "Trout" – "Die Forelle" The Erlking (1815) "Der Erlkönig" Schubert Romantic Symphony Symphony #3 in F major III. poco allegretto Ein Deutshes Requiem Form Musical Characteristics Sonata Allegro "This is the symphony that Schubert never finished;" 1st thm. Theme & Variation Throughcomposed in low strings, 2nd in woodwinds, 3rd in strings; expands the number of themes; changes keys (plays w/ relationships) one piano, four strings; about falsehood Schubert Romantic Schubert Romantic Lied Brahms Romantic Symphony ABA Brahms Romantic Rondo Sonata Allegro exoticism, wrote the symphony after traveling to Italy motif in piano becomes an ostinato (holds music together), just as important as singer: symbolizes child's heartbeat, horse's hooves, father's worry; major (Erlking)/minor usage different ranges for different people; personification of death "This is Brahms's symphony, it's romantic you see, number 3, movement 3, ABA, ternary." in German; sacred, not liturgical; absolute music Violin Concerto in E minor Mendelssohn I. allegro molto appassionato Italian Symphony #4 Mendelssohn in A major I. allegro vivace "Wedding March" Mendelssohn Romantic Requiem/ Oratorio Concerto Romantic Symphony Romantic Symphonie Fantastique Berlioz IV. March to the Scaffold Romantic Incidental Music Program Symphony Moldeau Smetana Romantic Tone Poem ABA Symphony #9 in E minor "From the New World" II. Largo Overture 1812 Dvorák [Czech] Romantic Symphony ABA Tchaikovsky Romantic [Russian] RimskyRomantic Korsakov [Russian-M5] Concert Overture Tone Poem Sonata Allegro story of Russians defeating the French and Napoleon; Russian – Scheherazade Sonata Allegro no double exposition written for "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (play) five movements (expanded); uses repeated ideé fixe (fixed idea) to label people, places, ideas; macabre–bizzare; E flat clarinet plays the theme; timpani and brass used "The man who worte the Moldeau and its theme has an unlikely name of sour cream;" river theme is the architectual lynchpin; woodwinds, cellos, french horns, peasent wedding (dance), brass corale, then river disappears in the end english horn (alto-oboe) solo: "Goin' Home"; glorification God Preserve the Czar, French – La Marseilles; one mvt. example of exoticism; story of the Arabian Nights Piece Composer Pictures at an Exhibition Mussorgsky Romantic [Russian-M5] Chopin Romantic Verdi Romantic "Revolutionary" Etude Nabucco "Va, pensiero" "Dies Irae" from Requiem "Messa da Requiem" Die Walküre "Ride of the Valkyries" Tosca "Vissi d'arte" "Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun" Period Verdi Romantic R. Wagner [German] Romantic Puccini Romantic Debussy [French] French Impressionism Mother Goose Suite Ravel "Empress of the Pagodas" Boléro Ravel Genre Piano Suite Etude Opera Aria Requiem/ Oratorio Opera Opera Aria Tone Poem French Impressionism French Dance Impressionism Form Musical Characteristics 10 mvts. with programatic music; makes a picture in sound – walking through a promenade a museum A, A', Coda about Jews enslaved in Babylon, relates to Italians Day of Judgement brass constant; uses lietmotif repeated througout the Ring Cycle, tare in the orchestra rather than sung; uses modulations (most are prepared) sung mainly by the character Tosca, a spinto soprano ABA use of chromatic scale (half-steps) to create an exotic feeling; flute solo; lightness & "airyness" in texture; individual instruments highlighted; fluidity & lack of accents; sensuality exoticism (Asian influence) ostinato; rhythmic, steady beat; 1 instrument featured at once Piece Composer Period Genre Rite of Spring "Le Sacre du Printemps" Stravinsky [Russian] 20th Century Ballet Five Pieces for Orchestra Variation for Orchestra Rhapsody in Blue Schoenberg Schoenberg Gershwin 20th Century 20th Century 20th Century "Hoedown" from Rodeo Adagio for Strings Copland Barber 20th Century 20th Century Short Ride in a Fast Machine Adams 20th Century Form Musical Characteristics 2 big sections 2 parts: Adortaion of the Earth, and The Sacrifice; starts with a bassoon solo in the high range; strings=drums (percussive); mixed meters (constant changes); harmonic choices: polytonal, buliding of chords Atonal Serialism Piano Concerto Ballet twelve tone row aspects of jazz: use of improvisation, scatting; clarinet opening Throughcomposed Minimalism squaredance piece for strings; neo-romantic; one movement characterized by a steady beat; clear tonality & repetition of short melodic patterns; dynamic, texture, and harmony stay constant; creates a trancelike state rasting themes s an unlikely modulations