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Polygons
CK-12
Kaitlyn Spong
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Printed: February 25, 2014
AUTHORS
CK-12
Kaitlyn Spong
www.ck12.org
C ONCEPT
Concept 1. Polygons
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Polygons
Here you will review the names and basic properties of polygons.
The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is360◦ . How is this possible?
Watch This
MEDIA
Click image to the left for more content.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dO7zilXORMg James Sousa: Introduction to Polygons
MEDIA
Click image to the left for more content.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQp31wZ69fQ James Sousa: Classifying Polygons
Guidance
A polygon is a flat shape defined by straight lines. A polygon is usually classified by its number of sides, as shown
in the table below.
TABLE 1.1:
Number of Sides
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Name of Polygon
Triangle
Quadrilateral
Pentagon
Hexagon
Heptagon
Octagon
Nonagon (or enneagon)
Decagon
For a polygon with more than 10 sides, most people prefer to name it by its number of sides and the suffix “gon”.
For example, a 40 sided polygon would be a “40-gon”.
A diagonal is a line segment that connects any two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon. A polygon is convex if all
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diagonals remain inside the polygon. Most polygons that you study in geometry will be convex. If a polygon is not
convex then it is concave (or non-convex). The blue pentagon on the left is convex, while the pink quadrilateral on
the right is concave.
A polygon is equilateral if all of its sides are the same length. A polygon is equiangular if all of its angles are the
same measure. A polygon is regular if it is both equilateral and equiangular.
The sum of the measures of the three angles in a triangle is 180◦ . You can use this fact to find the sum of the
measures of the angles in any polygon.
The pentagon above has been divided into three triangles, and its interior angles have been marked. The sum of
the measures of the angles of each triangle is 180◦ . Therefore, the sum of the interior angles of the pentagon is
180◦ · 3 = 540◦ .
In general, the sum of the interior angles of a polygon with n sides is 180(n − 2)◦ .
If the polygon is regular (and thus equiangular), you can figure out the measure of each interior angle.
Example A
Name the regular polygon below and find the sum of its interior angles.
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Concept 1. Polygons
Solution: This regular polygon has 7 sides, and is therefore a heptagon. To find the sum of the interior angles,
imagine dividing the polygon into triangles. There are 5 triangles, each with 180◦ . Therefore, the sum of the interior
angles is 180◦ · 5 = 900◦ .
Example B
Find m6 G in the polygon from Example A.
Solution: Because this is a regular polygon, it is equiangular. This means that each of the seven interior angles has
the same measure. The sum of the interior angles was 900◦ . This means that each of the seven interior angles is
900◦
◦
7 ≈ 128.6 .
Example C
An exterior angle is the angle between one side of a polygon and the extension of an adjacent side. In the polygon
below, an exterior angle has been marked at vertex G. How are exterior angles related to interior angles? What is
the measure of the exterior angle at G?
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Solution: The exterior angle and interior angle at the same vertex will always be supplementary because together
they form a straight angle. In this case, the interior angle at point G was approximately 128.6◦ . Therefore, the
exterior angle is 180◦ − 128.6◦ = 51.4◦ .
Concept Problem Revisited
There are many ways to think about the sum of the exterior angles of a polygon. One way is to first consider that the
sum of all the straight angles through the vertices is 180n◦ (where n is the number of sides of the polygon). These
angles are marked in green in the sample polygon below.
If you only want the sum of the exterior angles, you must subtract the sum of the interior angles. The sum of the
interior angles is 180(n − 2)◦ = 180n◦ − 360◦ . Therefore, the sum of the exterior angles is:
180n◦ − (180n◦ − 360◦ ) = 180n◦ − 180n◦ + 360◦ = 360◦
Vocabulary
A polygon is a flat shape defined by straight lines. A polygon is usually classified by its number of sides.
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Concept 1. Polygons
A diagonal is a segment that connects any two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon.
A polygon is convex if all diagonals remain inside the polygon.
If a polygon is not convex then it is concave (or non-convex).
A polygon is equilateral if all of its sides are the same length.
A polygon is equiangular if all of its angles are the same measure.
A polygon is regular if it is both equilateral and equiangular.
Angles inside a polygon at the vertices are called interior angles.
An angle between one side of a polygon and the extension of an adjacent side is called an exterior angle.
Guided Practice
1. Find the sum of the interior angles of a nonagon.
2. Find the measure of one interior angle of a regular nonagon.
3. Find the measure of one exterior angle of a regular decagon.
Answers:
1. A nonagon can be split into 7 triangles. The sum of the interior angles is 180◦ · 7 = 1260◦ .
◦
◦
2. The sum of the interior angles is 1260◦ . Therefore, each interior angle is 1260
9 = 140 .
◦
360
◦
3. 10 = 36
Practice
1. What is the measure of an exterior angle of a regular 45-gon?
2. What is the sum of the interior angles of a 35-gon?
3. Draw an example of a convex polygon and a concave polygon.
4. What’s the name of a polygon with 8 sides?
5. What’s the name of a polygon with 10 sides?
6. What’s the name of a polygon with 4 sides?
7. How could you use the dissection shown in the picture below to show why the sum of the interior angles of a
hexagon is 720◦ ?
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8. How could you use the dissection shown in the picture below to show why the sum of the interior angles of a
hexagon is 720◦ ?
9. A regular polygon has an interior angle of 150◦ . How many sides does the polygon have?
10. How could you use exterior angles to help you find the answer to #9?
11. What is the sum of the exterior angles of an 11-gon?
12. What is the sum of the interior angles of an 11-gon?
13. Solve for x:
14. Solve for x:
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Concept 1. Polygons
15. Solve for x:
References
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