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Transcript
ANNUAL BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN TRAINING 2016 F R O S T B U R G S T AT E UNIVERSITY FROSTBURG, MARYLAND 21532 OSHA BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 29 CFR 1910.1030 FSU plan can be found @ http://www.frostburg.edu/fsu/assets/File/Administ ration/pplant/safety_exposurecontrolplan.pdf Or….just “Exposure Control Plan” on FSU home page Plan reviewed annually, or as necessary to reflect changes in technology, engineering controls, etc WHAT ARE BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS? Viruses found in human blood and other body fluids including but not limited to HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C Can be spread when blood/body fluids containing these viruses are introduced into the bloodstream of another person either by piercing/puncturing the skin or splash to mucous membranes such as in the mouth. Puncture Wound - Infected blood/body fluid is introduced directly into your body through a break in the skin such as a needle-stick injury or a cut with a piece of broken, contaminated glass. Non-intact skin or mucous membrane exposure- Infected blood/body fluid contacts open areas on skin (cuts, abrasions) or mucous membranes of eyes, nose or mouth PRIMARY WAY THESE VIRUSES ARE SPREAD? Sexual contact (White gay males continued to account for the largest number of new HIV infections followed closely by black gay males) & Illegal IV drug Use BODY FLUIDS NOT LIKELY TO BE INFECTIOUS UNLESS VISIBLY CONTAMINATED WITH BLOOD Tears Feces Vomit Urine Sweat Sputum Nasal Secretions HIV HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) HIV damages a person’s immune system which helps the body fight disease. First info published in medical journal about this virus was May 20, 1983 HIV • The only way to know if you are infected with HIV is to be tested. • Universal HIV screening is recommended for all 15-65 year olds • Some newer antigen/antibody lab tests can sometimes find HIV as soon as 3 weeks after exposure to the virus • In home tests are available at many drug stores • Many people who are infected with HIV do not have any symptoms at all for 10 years or more. • Some people who are infected with HIV report having flu-like symptoms (often described as “the worst flu ever”) 2 to 4 weeks after exposure. UPDATE ON HIV • Today, someone diagnosed with HIV and treated before the disease is far advanced can live nearly as long as someone who does not have HIV with proper and early antiviral medication. • CDC recommends that everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once as part of routine health care. About 1 in 8 people in the United States who have HIV don’t know they have it. • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP) is when people at very high risk for HIV take HIV medicines daily to lower their chances of getting infected. New federal guidelines recommend PrEP be considered for people who are HIV negative and at substantial risk for HIV. Still no vaccine available! HEPATITIS • Attacks the liver • Fatigue, stomach pain, loss of appetite, nausea, yellow jaundice, darkened urine • Sometimes no symptoms • Growing awareness of Hepatitis in last few years • Better treatment available HEPATITIS B VIRUS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 50-100 times more infectious than HIV HBV can live outside the body for at least 7 days Hepatitis B vaccine first licensed in 1981 Routine vaccination of all infants began in November, 1991 HEPATITIS B VACCINE Three shots over a 4-6 month time period Safe and effective Booster dose still not needed after recent study tracked vaccine’s effectiveness after 30 years Possibly lifelong protection If you have previously declined the vaccine and you are considered at risk according to FSU Exposure Control Plan, you can still receive it at no cost BEST WAY TO PROTECT AGAINST HEPATITIS B ! HEPATITIS C • In the United States, an estimated 3.5–5.3 million persons have chronic Hepatitis B or chronic Hepatitis C, and as many as three fourths of those with Hepatitis C are unaware they are infected • A recent study suggested that screening all baby boomers for Hepatitis C virus could save tens of thousands of lives • Adults born between 1945-1965 account for almost 75% of Hepatitis C infections THE NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES OF ACUTE HEPATITIS C DECLINED UNTIL 2003 AND REMAINED STEADY UNTIL 2010. HOWEVER, FROM 2010-2013, THERE WAS AN APPROXIMATE 2.5-FOLD INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF REPORTED ACUTE HEPATITIS C CASES FROM 850 TO 2,138 CASES HEPATITIS C The Hepatitis C virus can survive outside the body at room temperature, on environmental surfaces, for up to 3 weeks. THERE IS NO VACCINE TO PREVENT HEPATITIS C WHICH ONE IS HIGHEST RISK? Type of Exposure HIV Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Percutaneous (puncture wound) 0.3% (1 in 300) 6-30 % ** (1 in 16 to 1 in 3) 1.8% (1 in 55) **If completed Hepatitis B vaccine series and have immunity-virtually no risk for infection What A Long, Strange and Stressful Season ….on ……..WHAT What can you do to reduce your risks of an exposure?U DO TO REDUCE YOUR RISK?- There are specific training, Know your exposure control plan engineering, and work controls for those potentially at risk for exposure to BBP at work. Use Universal precautions – Treat all human blood and other potentially infectious fluid as if they are infectious Attend training programs Get involved – Participate in your staff meetings Take advantage of the Hepatitis B Vaccine CONTAMINATION VS EXPOSURE Contamination the presence of or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infected materials (OPIM) on an item or surface Exposure Incident a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin or parental (puncture/needle stick) contact with blood or OPIM that results from performance of an employees duties Work Practice Controls These practices/controls reduce the likely hood of exposure by altering how a task is performed Don’t recap needles Do not pick sharps up with hands Clean and decontaminate equipment and surfaces Do not eat, drink, or apply cosmetics in work area Engineering Controlsgineering These controls reduce employee CONTROLS exposure by removing the hazard Needles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak proof, puncture resistant containers Safer medical devices – such as safety glide needles and retractable needles Hazardous waste containers – red bags (only place those items that are contaminated with a BBP!) Remember broken glass is a sharp and must be handled as such! Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) When occupational exposure remains after engineering and work practice controls are put in place, PPE must be used. Level of protection required is determined by the task being performed Always check PPE for defects before using Remove before leaving work area, wash hands after removal and properly dispose of Employee is responsible to make available and replace as needed Labeling Warning labels required on: • Containers of regulated waste – red bags and sharp containers • Refrigerators and other equipment containing blood and other potentially infectious material(OPIM) • Other containers used to store, transport blood or OPIM • Biohazard labeled red bags or containers may be substituted for sticker labels HOW TO REDUCE YOUR RISK WASTE DISPOSAL • When emptying trash containers, do not use your hands to compress the trash in the bag • Lift and carry the trash bag away from your body • Regulated waste in medical waste carrier containers Housekeeping – Clean up Use PPE – appropriate for the clean up situation Use appropriate disinfectants Household bleach ¼ c bleach per one gallon of water (make fresh daily), contact time is air dry Current disinfectant BISM (Maxima 256) – contact time “treated surfaces must remain wet for 10 minutes. Fresh solution is prepared daily or more often if it becomes diluted or soiled” Dispose of waste properly by seperating regulated waste Separating regulated waste Laundry Discuss specifics with your supervisor SPILL CLEAN UP Get spill kit from closet, storage area, etc Put on Gloves If splashing is anticipated, wear protective eyewear, mask, and gown Clean Up Remove visible material with absorbent towels CLEAN UP Area should be decontaminated Once the area has been disinfected, dry area with absorbent towels and dispose of towels in regular trash Remember: Contact time is vital REDUCING EXPOSURE AFTER A CLEAN UP Glove Removal and Disposal Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down until it comes off inside out. Cup it in the palm of your gloved hand Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove. Peel that glove down so that it also comes off inside out and over the first glove Properly dispose of the gloves ALWAYS wash hands after glove removal PROPER HAND HYGIENE CDC recommendations for indications for hand hygiene • Hands are visibly soiled – use soap and water • Hands not visibly soiled , can use alcohol based hand rub – cover all surfaces and rub hands together until dry • Before direct contact with client • After contact with patients intact skin • After contact with body fluids, mucous membranes, excretions and wound dressings • Contact with inanimate objects • After removing gloves or any PPE • Before eating • After using restroom HANDWASHING According to the CDC, alcohol-based rubs are more effective in killing bacteria than soap and water GOOD REGULAR SOAP BETTER ANTIMICROBIAL SOAP BEST ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB An alcohol-based rub is the preferred method for hand hygiene in all situations, excepts for when your hands are visibility dirty or contaminated WHY ARE ALCOHOL BASED HAND RUBS SO GREAT? • Alcohol- based hand rubs (foam or gel) kill more effectively and more quickly than handwashing with soap and water • They are less damaging to skin than soap and water, resulting in less dryness and irritation • They require less time than handwashing with soap and water, hands only need to be rubbed together until they are dry • Bottle/dispensers can be placed at the point of care so they are more accessible HANDWASHING WITH SOAP AND WATER • Rub hands vigorously together for at least 15 seconds • Avoid using hot water, can increase risk of contact dermatitis, use warm water • Multiple-use cloth towels not to be used – dry hands with disposable towels • Antimicrobial soaps recommended instead of antibacterial soap, no abrasive soap HAND WASHING IS VERY EFFECTIVE WHEN DONE PROPERLY! EXPOSURE SUMMARY There are only three routes of exposure with potentially infectious body fluid • Needle stick/Sharp puncture • Non-intact skin • Mucous membrane What do you do if you have been exposed to blood or body fluids??? IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO AN EXPOSURE ALWAYS TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF FIRST! INCIDENT • Eye Exposure – Wash with water 15-20 mins (eye wash station, eye wash bottle or faucet) • Skin contact or puncture – soap and water, shower if Indicated • Mouth – wash out with water POST EXPOSURE REPORTIING Report the exposure to your Supervisor immediately Supervisor will notify Safety Officer http://www.frostburg.edu/fsu/assets/File/Administration/p plant/safety_exposurecontrolplan.pdf Page 24-25 sample of form to be completed - Identify and document source and circumstances of exposure POST EXPOSURE EVALUATION Post Exposure Evaluation and Follow-up – immediately available. Report to local Emergency Department WMHS – preferably within 1-2 hours for a confidential medical evaluation FSU must send paperwork Written opinion regarding exposure will be made to the employee within 15 days of the completion of the evaluation Post-exposure monitoring, counseling and preventative treatment Please click on link below to view video Bloodborne Pathogens Training Video - Overview of Safe Practices - YouTube THANK YOU…… Thanks to CHILL for the door prizes for today! IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS PLEASE CONTACT US Darlene Smith or Amy Kiddy [email protected] [email protected] Or Call us at 301 687 4310 Your questions are important to Us! Remember – if you have initially declined the Hepatitis B vaccine and you would now like to receive it, please notify your supervisor who will notify BHC.