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Modern Europe Cooke Name: ________________________________ The Road to WWII I. Five Major Causes of WWII: II. WWI Recap a. Who? Central (Germany, Austria-Hungary) vs. Allied Powers (U.S., England, France, Russia, Italy) b. Why fighting? Underlying problems over who controlled African colonies, nationalism, a complicated alliance system, and large militaries. c. Outcome? Allies won, Germans forced to accept war guilt (responsibility for the war) and were told to pay reparations totaling $30 billion to the Allies. German military was also stripped down to bare bones. A-H was divided into a number of new nations. League of Nations was created to ensure peace and security for all member nations. d. How did the Treaty of Versailles set the world up for WWII? III. The Rise of Fascism and Nazism a. Nations weakened after WWI turned to the idea of fascism (DEFINE) b. Hoped that fascism would help the country rebuild their strength and spirit. IV. Benito Mussolini and Italy a. Mussolini felt Italy had been shortchanged by ________________________. b. He declared himself dictator in 1925, suspended elections, put all business under govt. control, and started __________________________________________. c. Wanting to create a modern-day Roman Empire, he aggressively invaded and took over ___________________. V. The Great Depression a. After WWI many European economies were ___________. b. The boom in the _____ throughout the 1920s helped sustain worldwide trade. c. The _____ stock market crash in the U.S. and the resulting _______________________ spread throughout the world. U.S. restrictive tariff policies worsened the depression. d. As economies plummeted and unemployment rose, what happened? VI. Adolf Hitler and Germany a. Hitler was soon named chancellor, he got rid of his opponents in the Reichstag, and took away Germans’ civil liberties (no free speech, etc..) b. He then gave himself dictatorial powers after becoming president and began calling himself _________ (the leader) of the __________ (by which he meant the 3rd German Empire.) VII. The backbone of Hitler’s power was his______________________________________. a. Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s problems, and praised __________ (blond-haired, blue-eyed Germans) as belonging to what he called the “master race.” b. He was _____________________ (One who discriminates against or who is hostile toward or prejudiced against Jews) c. He soon ordered a boycott of Jewish shops, the burning of books by Jewish authors, and the _______________________________________________. VIII. Determined to return the German Empire to its former glory, Hitler pursued an aggressive foreign policy. Hitler quickly tried to do what? _________________________________________________________.) a. German aggression began with their seizure of the __________________________ in 1936. With this, Hitler began his aggressive quest for Lebensraum (DEFINE: ) b. Germany and Italy formed an alliance in 1936 as well called ________________________________. c. Anti-Comintern Pact, 1936 was ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________. d. In 1938, Hitler made an _________________ (union) between ___________ and Austria where Austria was annexed into Germany. e. and later that year, he demanded possession of the _______________________ in Czechoslovakia. f. England and France, reluctant to get involved in another big conflict, adopted a policy of_____________________________________. MEANING? i. In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland to Germany. He claimed that the German population living there was being mistreated. ii. The British and French prime ministers agreed to Hitler’s demands without consulting Czechoslovakian leaders, in the hopes that this would avoid a war in Europe. g. The Munich Agreement (1938) was: IX. i. As a result of it, _________________ became part of the _____________: 1939 b. In 1939, the Germans and Russians signed the ___________________________________. How did this agreement differ from an alliance? EXPLAIN. X. Meanwhile, back in America…. a. The U.S. was busy minding its own business (pursuing a policy of isolationism. (DEFINE) i. In the 1930s, the U.S. turned inward and focused on rebuilding the American economy during the Depression. XI. While all of this was going on in Europe, in Japan… a. Japanese leaders, also trying to make Japan into a world power, were busy attempting to take over ___________________________________. b. Japan formed an alliance with Germany and Italy, known as the Tripartite Pact. They were known as the Axis Powers.