Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Islamic World Study Guide
Document related concepts
Islamofascism wikipedia , lookup
LGBT in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
Muslim world wikipedia , lookup
Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe wikipedia , lookup
The Jewel of Medina wikipedia , lookup
International reactions to Fitna wikipedia , lookup
Islam and secularism wikipedia , lookup
Satanic Verses wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Islamism wikipedia , lookup
Muhammad and the Bible wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Somalia wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Mormonism wikipedia , lookup
Political aspects of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
Spread of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islamic–Jewish relations wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and war wikipedia , lookup
Sources of sharia wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Origin of Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
Historicity of Muhammad wikipedia , lookup
Morality in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Europe wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
Schools of Islamic theology wikipedia , lookup
Islamic culture wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Islamic World Study Guide 1. WhydidMuslimsexpandtheirrule?(Review“SpreadofIslam”textinWHIN) 2. HowdidculturespreadthroughtheArabianEmpire?(Review“SpreadofIslam”textinWHIN) 3. WhatpersonstartedthereligionIslam?(Review“LifeofMuhammadGuidedNotes”inWHINand storyboardofMuhammad) 4. ExplainthebeginningofMuhammad’slifethatledtothereligionthatisnowknownasIslam. (Review“LifeofMuhammadGuidedNotes”inWHINand“StoryboardofMuhammad”inWHIN) 5. WhatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenIslam,Christianity,andJudaism?(Review “ThreeReligionsChart”and“ComparisonMatrix”inWHIN) 6. WhatistheQur’an?WhatistheSunnah?Whatisthesignificanceofthesetwosources?(Seenotes onQur’aninWHIN) 7. WhatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheSunniandtheShi’ites/Shia?Review“Sunni andShia”textandT-ChartinWHIN) 8. ExplainthemajorcontributionsthatMuslimsmadeinscience,geography,mathematics, philosophy,medicine,art,andliterature.(Review“MuslimContributionsChart”and“Muslim ContributionsFoldable”inWHIN) 9. WhatisthesignificanceoftheTajMahal?(Review“TajMahal”textinWHIN) 10. WhowasMehmedIItheConqueror?(Review“MehmedII”textinWHIN) 11. WhowasSuleimantheMagnificent?(Review“SuleimanI”textinWHIN) (Backgroundnotesforthisunitifneeded) TheBigIdea LifeinArabiawasinfluencedbytheharshdesertclimateoftheregion. MainIdeas • Arabiaismostlyadesertland. • TheArabianPeninsulaliesneartheintersectionofthreecontinents,soitiscalleda “crossroads”location.(Africa,Asia,Europe) • Arabia’slocationhasshapeditsphysicalfeatures. • Arabialiesinaregionwithhot,dryair. • Theclimatemakesithardforplantsandanimalstosurvive. • Hugesanddunes,orhillsofsandshapedbythewind,coverlargepartsofArabia. • Waterexistsmainlyinoases,wet,fertileareasthatarescatteredacrossthedeserts. • Twowaysoflife—nomadicandsedentary—developedinthedesert. • Inanomadiclife,peoplemovedfromplacetoplacewithintribesforprotectionandasthe seasonschanged. • Sedentarypeoplesettledinoases,wheretheycouldfarm.Thesesettlementsoftenbecame towns.Townsbecamecentersoftrade.Manyhadasouk,amarketorbazaar,wheregoods weretraded. TheBigIdea Muhammad,amerchantfromMecca,introducedamajorworldreligioncalledIslam. MainIdeas • MuhammadbecameaprophetandintroducedareligioncalledIslaminArabia. • AmannamedMuhammadtaughtanewreligiontothepeopleofArabia. • MuslimsbelievethatGodspoketoMuhammadthroughanangelandmadehimaprophet. • ThemessageshereceivedwerethebasisforIslamandwerecollectedintheholybookof IslamcalledtheQur’an. Muhammad’steachingshadsimilaritiestoJudaismandChristianity,buttheyalsopresentednew ideas. • MuhammadtaughtthattherewasonlyoneGod,Allah,whichmeans“theGod”inArabic. ThisissimilartoChristianityandJudaism. • MuslimsalsorecognizemanyofthesameprophetsasChristiansandJews. • Muslimsdon’tbelievethatJesuswasthesonofGod. • Arabswereusedtoworshippingmanygods,somanyofthemrejectedMuhammad’s teachings. • Muhammadsaidtherichandpoorshouldbeequal.Manywealthymerchantsdidnotlike thisidea. • IslamspreadinArabiaafterbeingrejectedatfirst. • IslamspreadfromMeccatoMedina. • RulersofMeccabegantothreatenMuhammadandhisfollowerswithviolenceasIslam startedtoinfluencemorepeople. • MuhammadleftMeccaandwenttoMedina.ThisdeparturebecameknowninMuslim historyasthehegira,orjourney. • IslamthrivedinMedina,andotherArabtribesintheregionacceptedIslam. • Muhammad’shousebecamethefirstmosque,orbuildingforMuslimprayer. • Hereportednewrevelationsaboutrulesforsociety,government,andworship. • MeccafinallywelcomedMuhammadbacktothecityandacceptedIslamasitsreligion. TheBigIdea SacredtextscalledtheQur’anandtheSunnahguideMuslimsintheirreligion,dailylife,andlaws. MainIdeas • TheQur’anguidesMuslims’lives. • TheQur’ansetsoutguidelinesformoralbehavior,actsofworship,andrulesforsociallife • TheSunnahtellsMuslimsofimportantdutiesexpectedofthem. • ThehadithisthewrittenrecordofMuhammad’swordsandactions.Itisthebasisforthe Sunnah. • TheSunnahprovidesamodelforthedutiesandwayoflifeexpectedofMuslims. • ThefirstdutiesofaMuslimareknownastheFivePillarsofIslam,whicharefiveactsof worshiprequiredofallMuslims.TheFivePillarsare: • Saying“ThereisnogodbutGod,andMuhammadishisprophet” • Prayingfivetimesaday • Givingtothepoorandneedy • FastingduringtheholymonthofRamadan • TravelingtoMeccaatleastonceonahajj • IslamiclawisbasedontheQur’anandtheSunnah. • TheQur’anandtheSunnahformthebasisofIslamiclaw,orShariah. • ShariahisasystembasedonIslamicsourcesandhumanreasonthatjudgestherightnessof actionstaken. • TheBigIdea ConquestandtradeledtothespreadofIslam,theblendingofcultures,andthegrowthofcities. MainIdeas • ThereveredleaderofthenewandrapidlygrowingMuslimfaith,Muhammad,neverchosea successor.ThatmeanstherewasnotalivingprophetoftheMuslimswhenMuhammaddied.This waswhentheMuslimsweredividedovertheirbeliefs.Putsimply,Muslimsbecamedividedover whoshouldbethenextCaliph(leader)oftheIslamiccommunity. • ShiabelievedthatAli,Muhammad'sson-in-law,wastherightfulheirandthatfuture caliphsneededtobedescendants(relatives)ofMuhammad. • SunnibelievethatcaliphsdonothavetobedescendantsofMuhammad. • TodaymostMuslimsareSunni. • Similarities:bothbelieveinoneGod,bothbelievethattheQuranisIslam’sholybook,and bothbelieveinthe5PillarsofFaith. • MuslimarmiesconqueredmanylandsintowhichIslamslowlyspread. • AbuBakrbecamethefirstcaliph,thetitlethatMuslimsuseforthehighestleaderofIslam. • Caliphswerenotreligiousleaders,butpoliticalandmilitaryleaders. • AbuBakrdirectedaseriesofbattlesagainstArabtribeswhodidnotfollowMuhammad’s teachings. • GrowthoftheEmpire: • MuslimarmiesbattledtribesthatdidnotfollowMuhammad’steachings. • TheMuslimarmiesunitedArabia,thendefeatedthePersianandByzantineempires. • AfteryearsoffightingMuslimarmies,manyBerbers,anativepeopleofNorthAfrica, convertedtoIslamandjoinedforceswiththeArabs. • AcombinedBerberandArabarmyinvadedSpainandconquereditinAD711. • TradehelpedIslamspreadintonewareas. • Alongwiththeirtradegoods,ArabmerchantstookIslamicbeliefstonewlands. • IslamspreadtoIndia,Africa,Malaysia,andIndonesia. • TradealsobroughtnewproductstoMuslimlandsandmademanypeoplerich. • TravelerslearnedhowtomakepaperfromtheChinese. • Merchantsbroughtcropsofcotton,rice,andorangesfromIndia,China,andSoutheastAsia. • MuslimmerchantssetuptradebusinessesinAfrica. • AmixofcultureswasoneresultofIslam’sspread. • AsIslamspreadthroughtrade,warfare,andtreaties,Arabscameintocontactwithpeople whohaddifferentbeliefsandlifestyles. • LanguageandreligionhelpedunifymanygroupsthatbecamepartoftheIslamic world. • Muslimsgenerallypracticedtolerance,oracceptance,withregardtothesepeople. • JewsandChristiansinparticularcouldkeeptheirbeliefs. • Islamicinfluenceencouragedthegrowthofcities. • Baghdad • CapitalofIslamicEmpire • Locatednearlandandwatertraderoutes • Walledcity • Builthospitals,observatories,andalibrarythatwasusedasauniversity • Cordoba • CapitalofwhatisnowSpain • Strongeconomybasedonagricultureandtrade • BytheAD900s,wasthelargestandmostadvancedcityinEurope • Greatcenteroflearning • AlsoacenterofJewishculture TheBigIdea AftertheearlyspreadofIslam,threelargeIslamicempiresformed—theOttoman,Safavid,andMughal. MainIdeas • TheOttomanEmpirecoveredalargeareaineasternEurope. • TheOttomanswereaidedbyslavesoldierscalledJanissaries. • Theyhadnewgunpowderweapons,suchasthecannon. • MehmedIIandSuleimanIledconqueststhatturnedtheOttomansintoaworldpower. • MehmedIItheConqueror: • 1453seizedtheByzantinecapitalofConstantinople • RenamedConstantinople,Istanbul. • ConqueredlandsinsoutheasternEurope,SouthwestAsiaandNorthAfrica. • ControlledmuchoftheMediterraneanRegionuntilthelate1500s. • SpreadIslam • SuleimantheMagnificent,ruledfor46years. • BecamesultanoftheOttomanEmpirein1520attheageof26. • HisreignisknownastheGoldenAgeoftheOttomanEmpire. • “TheLawgiver”becauseheorganizedOttomanlaws. • Builtmanyschoolsandmosquesthroughouttheempire. • Responsiblefortheempire’sgreatestachievementsinlaw,art,architectureand literature. • TheSafavidEmpireblendedPersianculturaltraditionswithShiaIslam. • TheMughalEmpireinIndialeftanimpressiveculturalheritage. TheBigIdea Muslimscholarsandartistsmadecontributionstoscience,art,andliterature. MainIdeas • Muslimscholarsmadeadvancesinvariousfieldsofscienceandphilosophy. • Muslimscholarsmadeadvancesinastronomy,geography,math,andscience. • ManyancientwritingsweretranslatedintoArabic. • Geography:Geographersmademoreaccuratemapsthanbefore. • Math:AMuslimmathematicianlaidthefoundationsformodernalgebra. • Astronomy:Theymadeimprovementstotheastrolabe,whichtheGreekshadinventedto chartthepositionsofthestars. • Medicine:TheMuslims’greatestscientificachievementsmayhavecomeinmedicine.A doctordiscoveredhowtodiagnoseandtreatthedeadlydiseasesmallpox. • Philosophy:TheMuslimphilosophyfocusedonspiritualissues,whichledtoamovement calledSufism.SufismteachesthatpeoplecanfindGod’slovebyhavingapersonal relationshipwithGod. • Islaminfluencedstylesofliteratureandthearts. • Literature:TwoformsofliteraturewerepopularintheMuslimworld—poetryandshort stories. • Architecture:Thegreatestarchitecturalachievementsweremosques.Theyoftenhada domeandminarets—narrowtowersfromwhichMuslimsarecalledtoprayer.Patrons,or sponsors,usedtheirwealthtopayforelaboratelydecoratedmosques. • Art:Becausetheycouldnotrepresentpeopleoranimalsinpaintingsduetotheirreligion, Muslimartiststurnedcalligraphy,ordecorativewriting,intoanartform.Theyusedthis techniquetodecoratebuildingsandmosques.
