Download The Protestant Reformation Through Maps

Sixteenth-century Europe
Religious
Change
Political
Change
Economic
Change
Intellectual
Change
Europe 1350-1600
•
European economy became more commercial
•
Stronger governments began to appear and feudal
controls weakened
•
Culture began to shift away from traditional
religious values
What do you remember about
the Renaissance?
The Dawn of the Renaissance
Medieval vs. Renaissance Art
Economic Change
Social Change
Plato
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Raphael
Raphael: 1483-1520
“The School of Athens”
Michaelangelo
Leonardo da Vinci: 1452-1519
“The Last Supper” 1498
Leonardo da Vinci: 1452-1519
“Mona Lisa”
The
Spread of
the
Printing
Press:
Johann
Gutenberg
1468
Effects?
The Age of Reason?
Religious Change
Chapter 15 Section 3
The Protestant Reformation
Causes of the Reformation?
§ Church corruption
§ Nationalism (pride in one’s nation)
§ Papal need for money = unfair taxes and
indulgences (pardons issued by priest to reduce time in purgatory)
§ Printing Press + Vernacular + 95 Theses = Reform
St. Peter’s Basilica
Indulgences
Purgatory?
"When the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs."
An indulgence, 1517, Translation: With the Authority of all
Saints and with mercy for you, I free you of all sins and crimes
and excuse you from all punishments for ten days - Johann
Tetzel
The Spread of Lutheranism
Martin Luther
1483-1546
“Justification By
Faith Alone”
Salvation Through Grace
82. To wit: -- "Why does not the pope empty
purgatory, for the sake of holy love and of the dire
need of the souls that are there, if he redeems an
infinite number of souls for the sake of miserable
money with which to build a Church? The former
reasons would be most just; the latter is most
trivial.“
86. Again: -- "Why does not the pope, whose wealth
is to-day greater than the riches of the richest, build
just this one church of St. Peter with his own
money, rather than with the money of poor
believers?"
Luther’s Message:
1.God’s grace can not be won by good works.
2.Faith alone was needed
3.Only head of Catholic Church was Jesus, not the pope
4.Individual Christians should be their own Bible interpreters
5.Christian practices should come only from the Bible
Reaction of the CHURCH?
1. Martin Luther is excommunicated
By Pope Leo X
2. Summoned to Diet of Worms 1521 by
HR Emperor Charles V (Edict of Worms condemns Luther)
“Unless I am convicted (convinced) of error
by the testimony of Scripture…I cannot
and will not recant anything, for to act
against our conscience is neither safe for us,
nor open to us.” Luther’s Idea’s continued to spread
Protestants?
Ulrich Zwingli? = theocracy (too radical/died in battle)
The Peasant Revolt - 1525
75,000
Peasants
Killed
John Calvin’s World in the 16c
Doctrine of Predestination=
God knows who will be saved
even before you are born
(man was evil so needed strict
discipline)
(goal was to make world fit for
the “elect”)
Protestantism Spreads to
England
(page 453)
Religious Conflict
Queen Elizabeth I
1558-1603
King Henry VIII:
•Catherine of Aragon (daughter = Mary)
•Needed a male heir AND fell in love with
Anne Boleyn
•Wanted an annulment/ pope said NO
•(Catherine’s nephew = HR Emperor Charles V)
•Henry summoned Reformation Parliament
•Closes Catholic monasteries/ distributes
wealth
•1534 Act of Supremacy = Henry becomes
head of the Church of England
King Henry VIII
1491-1547
•Married Anne Boleyn (daughter = Elizabeth)
Edward VI (son of Henry VIII and
Jane Seymour) assumes the
throne at age 9 when Henry VIII
dies- he himself dies at 16
Mary I (daughter of Catherine
and Henry VIII)
Returned England to the
authority of the Pope – burned
Protestants at the stake
Elizabeth I (daughter of Henry VIII and
Anne Boleyn) assumes the
throne upon death of “Bloody”
Mary I
(5th and last Tudor Monarch)
Reigned from 1558-1603
1559 Supremacy Act = England again splits
from Rome
Homework questions from c 15 sec 3?
Cause and Effect Visual - TOMORROW IN CLASS
C 15 sec 3 Sensory Figure
Religious Transformation
Chapter 15 Section 4
The Counter- Reformation
Catholics at all levels
recognized the need for
reform in the church.
Their work turned back
the tide of
Protestantism in some
areas and renewed the
zeal of Catholics
everywhere
Monk Girolamo Savonarola
“Bonfire of the Vanities”
St. Ignatius of Loyola
(The Jesuits)
Goals:
•Obedience to Church
•Renewal of Church’s spirituality
•Concentrated on education
Accomplishments:
•Schools and Universities
•Missionary activity
• Knowledge of other cultures
Pope Paul
III
REFORMS?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Delegates addressed abuses
Reforms addressed corruption of the clergy
Training of priests were regulated/ schools established
Financial abuses checked
Publish Bible in vernacular
SALE OF INDULGENCES ABOLISHED
NO ROLE FOR THE INDIVIDUAL: YOU NEED PRIESTS
Individual
faith
Mary Ward:
The first sister of feminism
She threw off her habit and put women
on the stage
St Teresa of Avila:
Most famous female
spiritual leader
Followed own strict rules
Deep spirituality
The Great Witch Hunt
Germany =3,229 witches killed (burned)
Swiss Confederation = 5,417 witches killed (burned)
Estimated 60,000 killed in total , 95% of them women
Reasons?? Explain misfortune, misogyny, eliminating nonconformists, rising role of women
The Spanish Inquisition 1478-1576…
Muslim?
Jew?
Protestant?
~ 2000
killed
What methods did the Church use to stop the spread of Protestantism?
NOTEBOOKS
Due on M 10/10
C 15 Free Choice
Assignment and
C 15 title page
Due on M 10/10
TEST C 15
sec 3 and 4
FRIDAY 10/7
80 Points
REVIEW
in class
tomorrow
1. What did Wycliffe and Hus
dislike about the Church?
Cause and
Effects
of the
Protestant
Reformation??
2. What were Martin Luther’s
beliefs?
FIND THIS
CHART
C 15 sec 3 REVIEW
3. How did the Church and the
Holy Roman Emperor react to
Luther?
4. Why and how did Henry VII
break from the Catholic
Church?
1. What did Wycliffe and Hus dislike about the
Church?
W (theologian)
-church should give up worldly possessions
-his views were VERY unpopular with Church officials
-he was removed from his teaching duties
H (Bohemian priest)
-disliked immorality and worldliness
-excommunicated in 1412
- later found guilty of heresy- burned at the stake
2. What were Martin Luther’s beliefs?
•
•
•
•
•
Justification by Faith alone
Only head of Church was Jesus
Individual Christians should be their OWN interpreters of the Bible
Bible should be translated in the VERNACULAR
End sale of indulgences
3. How did the Church and the Holy Roman Emperor
react to Luther?
1520:
Luther was excommunicated
1521:
Luther summoned before HRE Charles V at Diet of Worms
His writings were condemned
He was declared an outlaw
1529:
Lutheran German princes issues a PROTESTation against
these measures
4. Why and how did Henry VIII break from the Catholic
Church?
- Wanted to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, HRE Charles V’s aunt
-Called a Reformation Parliament- declared England no longer under th
authority of the Pope
- Said he was now head of the Church of England and closed Catholic
monasteries and redistributed their wealth to the people of England to
encourage their support for his actions
Find a textbook and work ONE PARTNER:
Read the section: Religious and Social Effects page 458
Take notes on the three bold sections:
Changes in Religion
Persecution and Hysteria
Political Effects
Leave room to add notes when we share answers
3 bulleted pieces of information should be enough per topic
Prepare to share
Changes in Religion
• Protestants break away and form several
factions
• Renewed zeal for Catholic faith led by Jesuits
• Jesuits soften harsh rule of church
• However, persecution of non-Catholics =
the Spanish Inquisition
• Religious wars break out
• Peasant's War in HRE
• Martin Luther denounces the violent reaction
to his ideas
• Eventual religious freedom =
Peace of Augsburg, Edict of Nantes
RELIGIOUS WARS/ The Italian Wars
1494: King Charles VIII of France invaded Italy
Spain and England also became involved
Finally = SACK of Rome by HRE Charles V in 1527
WHY?
Consequences:
•Italian Renaissance spread throughout Europe
•Peasants unhappy with high taxes = Peasant’s War
•Luther’s refusal to side with peasants prevented
religious wars from starting social reform/ equality
Spain = 130 ships
England = 150 ships
Persecution and Hysteria
• Jews and Muslims viewed as heretics =
migration of these groups into E and S Europe
• Educated Jews who converted, stayed in Spain
• Witch hunts/ torture
• Poor harvests, turmoil contributed to the
hysteria over witches
• Eventually thousands were killed in W Europe
between 1580 and 1660 (mostly women)
Political Effects
• Formation of independent states and nations
• Nationalism grew
• Rulers and merchants wanted the church to be
less involved in their affairs
• Political power became separated from
religion
HRE Charles V wants to reverse rise of Protestantism
1546 started a war against the German princes
Enthusiasm died = Peace of Augsburg 1555
German princes can chose their own religion
(Catholicism or Lutheranism)
Subject people had no voice….
Henry IV of Navarre
Edict of Nantes 1598?? Hugenots!
Power of individual
thought
Power of individual
curiosity
Nationalism
Sale of Indulgences for
St. Peter’s Basilica
Question authoritarian
Power (HRE)
Religious toleration
eventually
Catholic Church is no
longer THE authority
in Europe
John Gutenberg
Ignatius of Loyola
27
95 Theses
John Calvin
Predestination
Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
Annuled
Martin Luther
Jesuits
Purgatory
Protestant Reformation
Nationalism
Index of Forbidden Books
Council of Trent
Peasants’ War
Elizabeth I
Counter-Reformation
Indulgences
St. Peter’s Basilica
Teresa of Avila
Spanish Inquisition
HRE Charles V
Peace of Augsburg 1555
Edict of Nantes 1598
Hugenots
Theocracy
TEST C 15 sec 3 and sec 4 =
FRIDAY 10/7
80 points
Short Answer Questions:
Free Choice =
MONDAY 10/10
1. Describe the ideas of Martin Luther and how they
contradicted the church’s teachings of his day.
2. What were the effects of the Reformation in England?
How did the royal family in particular respond?
3. What methods did the Catholic Church use to stop the
spread of Protestantism? Were they successful? Why or why
not?
4.What reforms were made in the Catholic Church and why
were these reforms agreed upon by church officials? What
were the effects of these reforms?