Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Medieval Muslim Algeria wikipedia , lookup
Post-classical history wikipedia , lookup
Early Middle Ages wikipedia , lookup
European science in the Middle Ages wikipedia , lookup
Early Muslim conquests wikipedia , lookup
Late Middle Ages wikipedia , lookup
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb wikipedia , lookup
High Middle Ages wikipedia , lookup
Christianity in the 13th century wikipedia , lookup
History of Christianity during the Middle Ages wikipedia , lookup
World History Mid-Term Review Overview: There are 50 Multiple Choice Questions, 10 Document Based Questions, 40 Matching Questions Terms, Concepts & Connections: . Timbuktu – center of trade in West Africa . The Five Pillars of Faith – basic tenants of Muslim faith . Islamic beliefs – Quran and Muhammad . al-Razi- Baghdad medicine . Church split/schism- Catholicism & Orthodoxy . Martin Luther – salvation through faith . Constantinople – location, location, location – water, protection, center of trade . Crusades – tension and conflict between Christianity and Islam . John Calvin – predestination . Inquisition – Catholic court to punish Heresy . 95 Thesis – Martin Luther . The Praise of Folly – Erasmus . Janissaries & Gunpowder = Ottoman victories . Catholic Reformation- revival of faith… increase persecutions … mass conversions . Arabian Peninsula across Asia to North Africa and Spain – Extent of Muslim Empire . Feudalism – Europe… King-Baron-Knight-Serf / Japan… Emperor-Daimyo-Samurai-Peasant . Muslims daily prayer – facing Mecca . Byzantine Empire = Eastern Roman Empire (Constantine) . Ferdinand & Isabella- push out Moors in Reconquista . Isaac Newton- laws of motion and gravity . Math (Al Jabr), science, astronomy – Muslim accomplishments . Kepler - calculated orbit of the planets . Profession of Faith (There is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophet) – Islam . Demand for goods from the Middle East – Through the Crusades . Effect of the Crusades – stimulate production and trade . Monasteries – preservation of Greco-Roman works . Banks – new economic institutions of the Renaissance . Machiavelli – The Prince – the ends justify the means, must be absolute rule, do good but evil when necessary . 1095 Pope Urban II– calls for the Crusades . Erasmus – The Praise of Folly, Shakespeare – Romeo & Juliet, da Vinci – Mona Lisa . Michelangelo – Sistine Chapel & David . The Printing Press – Gutenberg…increased literacy . Henry VIII -clashed with the Church over the annulment of his marriage . Lay Investiture (appointment of bishops) – Medieval clashed between kings and Popes . Taj Mahal – Mughal (India) accomplishment…Finest architecture, lush gardens, Islamic tomb . Hagia Sophia – Byzantine architecture – Greek/Roman/Persian styles . Mansa Musa and Western African civilization- flourishing since before Roman times…known through-out Europe and Asia . Magna Carta- created power of Parliament . Joan of Arc -helped inspire French victories in Hundred Years War . West African wealth – Gold for Salt trade . Da Vinci- ultimate Renaissance Man . Umayyad Caliphate – religious tolerance…small nonMuslim tax . Goals of the Counter Reformation – revive moral authority, reinforce Papal Power, stop Protestants . Byzantine legacy – architecture and spread of Orthodoxy to Russia . Humanism – Greco-Roman influence focus on individual creativity . Monasteries as spiritual/economic/religious/educational centers – Role of the Church in Europe . Orthodox Christianity – doesn’t accept power of the Pope . Black Death – originated in Mongol plains…entered Europe in Mediterranean basin…spread North rapidly . Justinian’s Code – preserve Greco-Roman traditions Machiavelli, The Prince… . The ends justify the means . Believed people to be dishonest and fickle Martin Luther, 95 Thesis . Criticized selling of Indulgences . Only God can grant salvation . Eternal damnation awaits those who buy . Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was named after: Emperor Constantine. . Scientific Method- Francis Bacon . Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople in 1453 . Iconoclasm caused, in part, Great Schism . Magna Carta - habeas corpus, due process . Ottoman Army -Janissaries -gun powder . Chaucer- The Canterbury Tales and sell indulgences Justinian’s Code, Codex Justinianus . Byzantine code of Law . Slaves are property and it is illegal to harbor . Dante- Divine Comedy . Thomas Aquinas - Scholasticism . al-Kwarizmi - Algebra . Ibn Sina - Medicine or hire fugitives Magna Carta . Prisoners have right to timely trial by peers Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa . Jerusalem important to Jews, Christian (must pay nonMuslim tax) & Muslims (don’t believe Jesus is the son of God) . Power of the Mali King demonstrated through the submissiveness of his subjects Matching . Byzantine contributions to art and learning – Religious art & architecture; preserved ancient Greek, Roman & Christian heritage; produced important literature; contributed to the European Renaissance . Roman and Greek classic works were preserved by – Byzantine . How did the Church leadership in the Roman West differ from the Byzantine East? – East: Byzantine Emperor controlled Church affairs, appointed patriarch; priests can marry; use of Greek language. - West: Pope claimed authority; priests could not marry; use of Latin language. . Eastern part of the Roman Empire would later be called: Byzantine Empire. . What messages or teachings did Muhammad spread through Islam? Belief in one God, equality of believers, struggle in God’s service, Five Pillars . Why is the Hijra a turning point in the Muslim religion? Hijra known as the journey from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in 622 which became the first year of the Muslim, or Islamic, calendar. Muslim converts welcomed Muhammad and agreed to follow his teachings. . The five pillars of Islam are: 1) Declaration of faith 2) Pray five times daily facing holy city of Mecca 3) Give charity to the poor 4) Fast during holy month of Ramadan sunrise to sunset 5) Make a hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca . Which religions are considered the “People of the Book”? Jews and Christians . What is Sharia? A body of law that includes interpretation of the Quran, examples of behavior from Muhammad’s life, and Muslim traditions. . Differences between the Sunni and Shiite Muslims are: Sunni = Successor to Muhammad should be a pious male Muslim from Muhammad’s tribe (first successor was AbuBakr, Muhammad’s father-in-law) Shiites – Successor to Muhammad should be the son-inlaw, Ali, and that the true successors to Muhammad are the descendants of Ali and Muhammad’s daughter. . What effect did trade have on the West African Kingdom of Ghana? Ghana grew prosperous, trading cities developed, new ideas about government were introduced; Islam was introduced. right to appoint, or invest, bishops; the pope said only the pope had the right to appoint high church officials. . Who is Mansa Musa? Greatest ruler of the kingdom of Mali (1312); expanded the kingdom, worked to ensure peace and order, based his system of justice on the Quran, forged ties with other Muslim lands, promoted Islamic education. . What role did the Church play in the daily lives of medieval Christians? It played a large role; sacraments marked important life events, and the Church provided moral guidance and help for the sick and needy. . How would Mansa Musa’s Kingdom in West Africa show that African societies were considered complex? Forged new diplomatic and economic ties with other Muslim states. Brought back scholars, architects & teachers who helped promote Islamic education in Mali. Built Islamic university in Timbuktu, attracting students from far and wide. . What is humanism? Intellectual movement during the Italian Renaissance. . What was the impact of the printing press? It enabled books to be produced more cheaply, raised literacy rates, and spread new ideas quickly. . What was the Renaissance? Renaissance was a time of creativity and great change in many areas – political, social, economic & cultural. A new worldview based on human . Besides Ivory what was the importance of Gold and Salt in experience, an emphasis on education and humanism, and the trade structure of West African Kingdoms? They a spirit of adventure and curiosity. dominated the Sahara trade. . The Medieval period went from 476AD-1300sAD. What is . How did the Medieval Feudal structure function and how the General time frame of the Renaissance? 1300s – 1500s. did it develop? Developed because kings and emperors were weak in the face of invasions by Vikings, Muslims and . What was the impact of Leonardo, Raphael and Magyars. People needed protection, as a result a Michelangelo had on the Renaissance? They emphasized decentralized political and economic structure evolved. classical subjects and the human form, and they employed The monarch was at the top of the pyramid; below him new techniques for showing subjects more realistically. were powerful lords (dukes & counts). Below each lord Leonardo – painted Mona Lisa and Last Supper; there were vassals and below them were the peasants. Michelangelo – sculpted David, painted Sistine Chapel; Knights were the warriors who battled for the lords. Raphael – painted Madonna (mother of Jesus), The School of Athens. . How did the Japanese Feudal structure function? Emperor (figure head only) stood at the head of Japanese feudal . Who is Martin Luther and what is he known for? Who – society. Then came the Shogun (the real power), below The man who triggered the revolt was a German monk and him were the vassal lords or warrior lords (later called professor of theology; Known for – Writing the 95 Theses. daimyo) below the daimyo were lesser warriors called . Henry VIII - Created Church of England as means to annul samurai. marriage . How did the Black Plague affect medieval populations? . Sir Thomas Moore - Wrote Utopia represented northern Killed one third of the population of Europe–25 million Renaissance writers people. . What were the Crusades? An army of knights sent to free the Holy Land. . What were the effects of the Crusades? Left a legacy of religious hatred. However, they also spurred trade and a money economy and strengthened monarchs and popes. They expanded European horizons and encouraged exploration. . What was the conflict between the church and kings? The kings (emperors) claimed the right of lay investiture – the . Guttenberg - invented movable type printing press . What was the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant reformation? Catholic Reformation or the Counter Reformation. Revive moral authority of the Church and roll back the Protestant tide.