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WORLD WAR I
Q.1. (A) Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
*1.
*2.
*3.
*4.
5.
6.
7
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
In 1871, Germany annexed the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine that
belonged to .....................
(England, France, Italy)
..................... acquired some territories in Central Africa and China.
(Bismark, Kaiser William II, Franz Ferdinand)
A revolution broke out in .................... in 1908.
(Bosnia, Turkey, Herzegovina)
On 28th June 1914, at ...................., capital of Bosnia, Franz Ferdinand,
the Crown Prince of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist.
(Bucharest, Sarajevo, Belgrade)
The first communist revolution took place in .....................
(France, Russia, Germany)
In 1882 ..................... joined Germany and Austria against France.
(Russia, Prussia, Italy)
..................... became the emperor of Germany in 1888.
(Kaiser William II, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Bismark)
Kaiser William II undertook the work of construction of the .....................
Canal.
(Panama, Suez, Kiel)
In the race of imperialism and colonialism, ..................... entered the
race later.
(England, France, Germany)
..................... remained neutral for a year and then declared war against
Austria.
(Turkey, Hungary, Italy)
The ..................... Government in Russia came to terms with Germany.
(Menshevik, Bolshevik, democratic)
In the far east ..................... had taken over German possessions in
China.
(Japan, England, France)
After the First World War the political, military and economic centre of
power was shifted from Europe to ................. . (Russia, Asia, America)
(B)
Match the Following :
I
1.
2.
3.
‘A’ Group
Establishment of the League of Nations
Revolution in Turkey
Annexation of Alsace and
Lorraine by Germany
End of World War I
4.
B’ Group
(a)
1908
(b)
1871
(c)
1918
(d)
(e)
1914
1918
Ans. (1 - e), (2 - a), (3 - b), (4 - c)
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HISTORY
II
‘A’ Group
1. Kaiser William II
2. Franz Ferdinand
3. Bismark
4. Eastern European territory
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B’ Group
(a)
Prussia
(b)
Germany
(c)
Balkans
(d)
Turkey
(e)
Austria
Ans. (1 - b), (2 - e), (3 - a), (4 - c)
III
‘A’ Group
1. Bismark
2. Kaiser William II
3. Franz Ferdinand
B’ Group
(a) Ambitious ruler of Austria
(b) Crown Prince of Austria
(c) Ambitious ruler of Germany
(d) Diplomatic groupism
(e) Revolution in Turkey
Ans. (1 - d), (2 - c), (3 - b)
Q.2
Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words.
*1.
Why did the European merchants turn to Asia and Africa for trade?
(March ’10)
Ans. 1) Soon after the Industrial Revolution in England, whole of Europe
experienced a fast growth of industries.
2) Use of machines led to an increase in production.
3) It became necessary for the industrial nations of Europe to search for
markets outside their own countries.
4) Thus, the European merchants turned to Asia and Afica for trade.
They were already trading with Asia since 16 th century, turned to
industrially undeveloped African continent later.
*2. What were the causes that led to the enmity among the European
nations?
(Sept. ’08)
Ans. 1) In the 19th Century, there began a race among the European nations
to acquire rich territories in Asia and Africa.
2) England and France were in the forefront of this competition. Germany
however, entered this competition late.
3) In Asia and Africa, England and France had acquired strategic and
rich territories, and therefore, they were envied by other European
nations.
4) This race to acquire colonies in Asia and Africa led to an increased
enmity among the European nations.
*3. Why did the great powers in Europe become expansionist?
Ans. 1) In 19th Century in Europe, the power and status of a Nation came to
be equated with the territorial extent of that Nation.
2) Accordingly, the European powers constantly tried to acquire new
territories.
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HISTORY
3)
In 1871, Germany annexed the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine which
belonged to France. Russia and Austria were trying to acquire
territories in Eastern Europe.
4) As a result of this desire to increase the glory of a Nation, great
powers in Europe became expansionist under the guise of Nationalism.
*4. What was the reason that made the Balkans important to Nations like
England, France and Russia?
Ans. 1) The Eastern European territory that formed part of the Turkish Empire,
was known as the ‘Balkans’.
2) The strategic importance of the Balkans was the major reason for
the interest of the Great European Powers therein.
3) The nation that controlled this region could establish its influence
over the Mediterranean Sea.
4) It was this reason that made the Balkans important to nations like
England, France and Russia.
*5. Why did Russia decide to help Serbia against Austria?
Ans. 1) The people who lived in Russia and Serbia were Slav by race. Naturally,
both the countries would join hands with each other against Austria.
2) Owing to the assassination of Archduke and the intolerable utterances
by Serbian officials, Austria gave an ultimatum to Serbia.
3) In the event of war breaking out between Austria and Serbia, there
was a likelihood of Austria becoming victorious and powerful in the
Balkans.
4) So, Russia promised to help Serbia.
Q.3
Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 25 words each :
*1. In 1882, the Triple Alliance was born.
Ans. 1) Bismark, the Chancellor of Prussia, achieved his goal of unification
of Germany by defeating first Austria in 1866 and France in 1870.
2) Bismark isolated France by offering his friendship to the weak Austria.
3) In 1879, he signed a secret military alliance with Austria that assured
Austria German help against Russia, in Austria’s bid to acquire Eastern
Europe.
4) In 1882, Italy joined Germany and Austria against France.
Thus was born the Triple Alliance.
*2. England and France interfered in the politics of Eastern Europe.
Ans. 1) The eastern European territory that formed a part of the Turkish
empire is known as the ‘Balkans’.
2) The Balkans was of strategic importance, as the nation who controlled
this region could establish its influence over Mediterranean Sea.This
made the Balkans important to nations like England, France and Russia.
3) Claiming that the majority of the people in the Balkans belonged to
the slav race as the Russians did, Russia tried to establish its power
in this region.
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4)
England and France were fearful that their passage to Asia would be
endangered if Russia would get an entry into the Mediterranean.
Therefore England and France interfered in the politics of Eastern
Europe so as not to allow Russia to establish its influence over the
Balkans.
*3. Austria declared war on Serbia.
Ans. 1) Austria was already sick of Serbia and decided to take advantage of
the situation created by Franz Ferdinand’s assassination, and crush
Serbia. Germany promised to support Austria-Hungary.
2) To begin with, Austria was in favour of local war but the utterances of
Serbian officials were ‘down right intolerable’. So Austria gave an
ultimatum to Serbia.
3) Russia promised to support Serbia, so she refused to accept in full
the Austrian demands.
4) Austria, therefore, declared war on Serbia on 28th July, 1914.
*4. America declared war against Germany in 1917.
(Sept. ’10)
Ans. 1) The American entry into the first world war turned the tide against
Central powers.
2) An American passenger ship Lusitania was sunk by a German
submarine and many Americans lost their lives.
3) Inspite of America’s stern warning to Germany against unrestricted
use of submarines, Germany continued the submarine war.
4) America, therefore, declared war against Germany on 6th April 1917.
*5. The First World War came to an end on 11th November, 1918.
Ans. 1) Germans were in strong position upto 1917. An American passenger
ship Lusitania was sunk by German Submarine and many Americans
lost their lives.
2) Inspite of America’s stern warning to Germany against unrestricted
use of submarines Germany continued the submarine warfare.
3) Therefore America declared war against Germany on 6th April 1917
and this strenghtened the hands of the Allied powers.
4) The central powers could not withstand the combined forces of
opposition and one by one the Central powers surrendered. The last
to surrender was Germany which signed the ceasefire on 11th
November, 1918.
Thus the First World War came to an end.
Q.4 Answer the following in 30 to 40 words.
Why is the first half of 20th Century called as the ‘Age of conflict’?
(Sept. ’09)
th
Ans. 1) The first half of 20 Century was an eventful period.
2) It was marked by many conflicts.
3) The first communist revolution took place in Russia.
*1.
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HISTORY
4)
The fierce race for empire – building, aggressive nationalism and
militarism culminated into two global wars leading to many disastrous
consequences.
5) Many countries went under dictatorial rule between the two world
wars. Fascism and Nazism showed the negative and ugly side of the
human nature.
6) Thus the first half of the 20th century is rightly called as the ‘Age of
conflict’.
*2. Why did Aggressive Nationalism start in Europe?
Ans. 1) During the 19th Century some great powers in Europe became
expansionists under the guise of nationalism.
2) The power and the status of a Nation came to be equated with the
territorial extent of that Nation.
3) Accordingly, the European powers constantly tried to acquire new
Territories.
4) In 1871, Germany annexed Alsace and Lorraine which belonged to
France.
5) Russia and Austria were trying to acquire territories in Eastern
Europe.
6) As a result of this desire to increase the glory of a Nation, European
Nationalism became aggressive and expansionist.
*3. Why did Germany declare war against Russia?
Ans. 1) England and Germany tried to localize the war between Austria and
Serbia but the situation had gone out of hands.
2) France promised to help Russia against Austria.
3) Russia ordered general mobilization on 23rd July, 1914.
4) Germany, therefore, sent an ultimatum to Russia demanding
demobilization within 12 hours.
5) Russia refused to accept the ultimatum issued by Germany.
6) So Germany declared a war on Russia.
Q.5
Answer the following in 80 to 100 words.
*1. State the causes of World War I.
Ans. In the history of modern world the first World War which began in 1914,
marks a significant stage. Following were the causes of World War I.
(1) The Imperialism of the European Nations :
i) The 19th Century Europe experienced fast growth of industries.
ii) Use of machines led to an increase in production. Therefore it
became necessary for industrial nations of Europe to search for
markets outside their own countries.
iii) Thus, there began a race among European nations to acquire
rich territories in Asia and Africa.
iv) England and France were in the forefront of this competition.
Germany entered the race later.
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(2) Aggressive Nationalism :
i) In 19th Century, some great powers in Europe became
expansionists under the guise of nationalism.
ii) The power and status of a Nation came to be equated with the
territorial extent of that Nation.
iii) In 1871 Germany annexed the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine
which belonged to France. Russia and Austria were trying to
acquire additional territories, particularly in Eastern Europe.
(3) Arms Race (Militarism) :
i) The belief that only militarily powerful nations can occupy
important place in world politics led to the rise of militarism.
ii) As a result, many European nations entered into a race to increase
their military and naval strength.
iii) Prussia already established the importance of militarism by
defeating Austria and France.
iv) Science came to be harnessed to increase the military strength
of nations and new destructive weapons were invented.
(4) Diplomatic Groupism :
i) It was Bismark, the chancellor of Prussia who initiated
factionalism.
ii) He achieved his goal of unification of Germany by defeating Austria
in 1866 and France in 1870.
iii) In an attempt to isolate France he made a secret military alliance
with Austria in 1879. This alliance assured help to Austria against
Russia.
iv) In 1882, Italy joined Germany and Austria against France. (Triple
Alliance)
v) The politics of groupism divided Europe into two opposing camps
consisting of Central European powers of Germany, Austria and
Italy on the one-hand and Allied Powers consisting of England,
France and Russia on the other.
(5) Political Complications in the Balkans :
i) The eastern European territory that formed part of the Turkish
empire is known as the ‘Balkans’.
ii) The nation that controlled this region could establish influence
over the Mediterranean sea.
iii) This reason made the Balkans important to nations like England,
France, Russia.
(6) Immediate Cause :
i) On 28th June, 1914, at Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, Archduke
Franz Ferdinand, the Crown Prince of Austria, was assassinated
by a Serbian nationalist.
ii) This led to the outbreak of the First World War.
Thus extreme ambition, mutual distrust, enmity and conflicts among the
European nations resulted in a world wide conflagration.
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HISTORY
*2. State the consequences of World War I.
(March ’09)
Ans. The World War I, which ended on 11th November, 1918 brought about far
reaching changes in the world politics. Following were the consequences
of World War I.
(1) Human Loss :
i) More than 10 million European soldiers died in battles.
ii) The American loss was more than one lakh soldiers.
iii) Twice the number of dead were wounded. “Also among the dead
was the promise and flower of Europe’s youth”. This affected the
future of Europe.
(2) Economic Loss :
i) Economic loss due to the use of destructive weapons was
enormous.
ii) A great amount of Civilian property was lost.
iii) Trade and Industry came to a stand still. Except the USA and
Japan all other states, whether victors or vanquished became
bankrupt.
(3) Formation of the League of Nations :
i) The League of Nations, an international organization was created
in 1920 to guarantee independence and territorial integrity to
big and small nations of the world.
(4) Birth of new nations :
i) The map of Europe was redrawn.
ii) Many new nations were born.
(5) Emergence of Great Power :
i) The USA became a great World Power.
ii) The political, military and economic centre of power was shifted
from Europe to America.
(6) Seeds of World War II :
i) There were weaknesses in the formulation of five peace treaties,
which led to lot of resentment among the defeated nations. This
paved the way to the Second World War.
Thus the World War I produced disastrous consequences.
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S.S.C.
Marks : 20
CHAPTER 5 : WORLD WAR I
HISTORY
SET - A
Duration : 1 hr.
Q.1. Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate
2
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
1.
On 28th June 1914, at ................. capital of Bosnia, Franz Ferdinand,
the crown prince of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian
Nationalist.
2.
(Bucharest, Sarajevo, Belgrade)
In 1882 ................. joined Germany and Austria against France.
(Russia, Prussia, Italy)
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Q.2. Match the following :
'A' Group
'B' Group
1.
Bismark
(a)
Ambitious ruler of Austria
2.
Kaiser William II
(b)
Crown Prince of Austria
3.
Franz Ferdinand
(c)
Ambitious ruler of Germany
(d)
Diplomatic groupism
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Q.3. Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words : (Any 2)
1.
Why did the European merchants turn to Asia and Africa for trade?
2.
What were the causes that led to the enmity among the European
nations?
3.
Name the two opposing camps in World War I?
Q.4. Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 30 words :
(Any 2)
1.
In 1882, the Triple Alliance was born.
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2.
Austria declared war on Serbia.
3.
America declared war against Germany in 1917.
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Q.5. Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words: (Any 1)
1.
Why is the first half of 20th Century called as the 'Age of conflict'?
2.
Why did the Germany declare war against Russia?
Q.6. Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words : (Any 1)
1.
State the causes of World War I.
2.
State the consequences of World War I.
Best Of Luck 
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S.S.C.
Marks : 20
CHAPTER 5 : WORLD WAR I
SET - B
HISTORY
Duration : 1 hr.
Q.1. Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate
2
alternatives from those given in the brackets :
1.
................. became the emperor of Germany in 1888.
(Kaiser William II, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Bismark)
2.
................. remained neutral for a year and then declared war against
Austria.
(Turkey, Hungary, Italy)
Q.2. Match the following :
3
'A' Group
'B' Group
1.
Establishment of the League of Nations
(a)
1908
2.
Revolution in Turkey
(b)
1918
3.
End of World War I
(c)
1914
(d)
1920
Q.3. Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words : (Any 2)
1.
Why European powers adopted expansionist policies?
2.
Why was Balkans an important territory for the European powers?
3.
What were the ambitions of Kaiser William II?
Q.4. Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 30 words :
(Any 2)
1.
The allied powers started signing treaties with each other.
2.
England & France interfered in the politics of Eastern Europe.
3.
Germany surrendered in World War I.
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Q.5. Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words: (Any 1)
1.
Why did a conflict start between Austria & Serbia?
2.
Write a note on Balkans politics.
Q.6. Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words : (Any 1)
1.
Explain the course of World War I.
2.
Who was Kaiser William III? What were his ambitions & how did he
achieve it?
Best Of Luck 
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