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Name ________________
Consumers Review
1. In the space below, make a food web that contains humans, the types of organisms that humans eat, and the
organisms that these organisms eat. Make your web as complex as you can, and don't forget PRODUCERS!
Huma ns
Beef (cows )
Chicken
Lettuce
Grass
Corn
2. Humans must eat other organisms to get energy, and cannot photosynthesize. This makes them
___Consumers____________.
3. Fill out the table below for nutrients that help maintain homeostasis:
Name of Nutrient:
Proteins
Fats / Lipids
Carbohydrate
Made of these atoms:
C,H,O, and N
C,H, O
C, H, O
Example / characteristic
Made of amino acids
A way to store energy
Sugars and starches
4. How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?
They speed up chemical reactions
5. What is the name of the substances that enzymes help break down or combine? _Substrates___
6. Give 3 examples of the substance you named in #5.
Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, sugars, starches, etc.
7. How are enzymes and substrates like a lock and key?
The enzyme and substrates have shapes that exactly match each other, like a lock and key. If the
wrong substrate is matched with an enzyme, nothing will happen.
8. If the structure (shape) of an enzyme is changed, describe what will happen:
It will not work anymore (it will not be able to act on the substrate)
9. What type of digestion involves enzymes? ____chemical_______________
10. What type of digestion does NOT involve enzymes? ___mechanical________
11. List at least 2 examples of your answer to #10 (can you list 3, hot shot?):
Chewing in the mouth, churning in the stomach, bile in the small intestine
12. Identify the name, AND THE FUNCTION of each of the digestive organs in the diagram below (write the
functions in the space at the right):
Mouth – Mechanically digests food; saliva
chemically digests starches.
Esopagus – Delivers food from the mouth to the
stomach through peristalsis.
Stomach – Mechanically churns food; pepsin
chemically digests proteins.
Small Intestine – Chemically digests all nutrient
types; absorbs nutrients into the blood stream.
Large Intestine – Reabsorbs water back into the
body; eliminates solid waste from the body
through the anus.
Liver – Produces bile
Gall Bladder – Stores bile and secretes into the
small intestine when needed.
Pancreas – Makes many digestive enzymes that
are delivered into the small intestine.
13. Describe, in as much detail as you can, how nutrients get from the small intestine to the body's cells. Make sure
you include the name of a very specific structure in the small intestine that is involved in this process!
Villi that line the small intestine absorb nutrients. Since villi contain blood vessels, the nutrients then
enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body to wherever they are needed.
14. Describe 2 ways that your body maintains homeostasis.
Maintains constant body temperature, eats when hungry, drinks when thirsty, adjusts fluids in urine,
adjusts heart rate during exercise, etc.
15. How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis?
Continually monitors and balances the levels of hormones in the body.
16. How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis?
Circulates required substances and wastes away and toward the body cells.
17. How does the immune system maintain homeostasis?
Detects and destroys pathogens that pose a threat to the homeostasis of many other body conditions.