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RAD Radiobiology & Radiation Protection
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INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
Name: ______________________________
DATE: 07/04/2015
ID: ____________
232 RAD – 1ST REVISION
TOTAL
_____ _____
40
20
1-(6 MARKS)
True or not: (correct the wrong answer)
a) Beta radiation is a stream of protons. ( )
b) In Beta decay the mass number of nucleus doesn't change, but the atomic number
increases by one unit. ( )
c) Brachytherapy is sometimes called internal radiation. ( )
d) Thorium undergoes radioactive decay to form Protactinium and beta particle. ( )
e) If the particle hits a molecule of DNA it cannot cause spontaneous mutation or cancer. (
f) The emission of gamma radiation results from an energy change within the atomic
nucleus. ( )
2-(1 MARKS)
How Beta radiation is widely used in medicine? Give an example.
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3-(1 MARK)
What is the basic idea about Brachytherapy?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………..
4-(1 MARK)
Brachytherapy is one type of radiation therapy that could be used to treat ……..………… .
5-(1 MARK)
Define Gamma radiation:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………..
6-(1 MARK)
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum can produce ionization?
a. Electrons
b. Infrared
c. Gamma radiation
d. Microwaves
7-(1 MARK)
Nonionizing radiation
a. has no biological effects.
b. includes radio frequencies, cell phone frequencies, and infrared radiation.
c. may cause effects such as the excitation of electrons to a higher energy level or
an increase in molecular vibrational energies, which results in tissue heating.
d. Both b and c
DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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232 RAD
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RAD Radiobiology & Radiation Protection
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
8-(1 MARK)
Isotopes of the same element are nuclei with
a. the same number of neutrons.
b. the same number of protons.
c. the same mass number.
d. the same number of electrons.
9-(2 MARK)
High-energy photons have _________ wavelengths and _________ frequencies compared with
low-energy photons.
a. longer, higher
b. longer, lower
c. shorter, higher
d. shorter, lower
10-(1 MARK)
Photons are
a. quantized electromagnetic energy.
b. massless.
c. electrically neutral.
d. a, b, c.
11-(1 MARK)
In order to ionize an atom, a particle or photon must have an energy greater than
a. 1 MeV.
b. 1 keV.
c. the binding energy of an electron in the atom.
d. 0 eV. The energy of a single particle does not matter, because the energy from
many particles or photons can combine to ionize an atom.
12-(1 MARK)
Ionization is an important concept in radiation biology, because
a. it is the basis for the damaging biological effects caused by radiation, and it
provides a mechanism for detecting and measuring radiation.
b. it describes how protons are ejected from the nucleus of an atom, causing
biological damage to a cell.
c. it is the process by which alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are produced.
d. it selectively damages DNA.
13-(1 MARK)
The most deeply penetrating radiation is the
a. gamma ray.
b. alpha particle.
c. electron.
d. proton.
DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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RAD Radiobiology & Radiation Protection
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
14-(1 MARKS)
When we can say that; this atom is stable?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………..
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15-(2 MARKS)
The isotope Uranium 238 has 92 protons;
So, its:
- Nuclear Number
…………
- Number of Neutrons …………
16-(3 MARKS)
Match the following:
Alpha (α)
really only a danger if you either breathe in or swallow
the source of the alpha radiation.
Beta (β):
can be a bit more of a risk, but it is still most dangerous
if the source is ingested.
Gamma (γ):
doesn't ionize much, but it causes the most damage to
a person.
17-(2 MARKS)
Characterize the following list of the electromagnetic spectrum; depending on frequencies and
wave lengths [from higher to shorter or from shorter to higher].
Cosmic Ray, Gamma Ray, X-Ray, Ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, Microwaves, Radio.
Characterization:
Spectrum wave frequencies (from _________ to __________).
Spectrum wave lengths
(from _________ to __________).
18-(3 MARKS)
Distinguish, in table, between α, β, and ɣ decays regarding the following elements in you answer;
- Change in atomic number
- Change in nuclear number
- Change in A.M.U.
Change in
atomic number
nuclear number
A.M.U.
Alpha (α)
Beta (β):
Gamma (γ):
19-(2 MARK)
Why we say that: when α, β, and ɣ decays happen the result will be more stable nuclei.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………..
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DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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RAD Radiobiology & Radiation Protection
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE
20-(1 MARKS)
A particle with a mass number of 4 and a charge of +2 is
a. an alpha particle.
b. a proton.
c. a neutron.
d. an electron.
21- (1 MARKS)
Although they have nearly the same mass, a neutron will penetrate more deeply than a proton
with the same energy, because
a. neutrons are scattered more easily.
b. neutrons do not experience electrostatic forces.
c. protons are easily absorbed by atomic nuclei.
d. protons cause ionization, but neutrons are nonionizing.
22- (1 MARK)
The three most common types of radiation produced by unstable nuclei are
a. microwave, X-ray, and gamma.
b. alpha, gamma, and neutron.
c. beta, gamma, and neutron.
d. alpha, beta, and gamma.
23- (3 MARKS)
Fill the space:
a- Ionization results in the formation of charged particles or ions; the molecule
with net _________ charge and the free electron with a net negative charge.
b- Ionizing radiation has enough energy to damage DNA in cells which in turn may
lead to ________ .
c- When a ________ particle is ejected, a neutron in the nucleus is converted to a
proton, so the mass number of nucleus is unchanged, but the atomic number
increases by one unit.
24- (1 MARK)
Identify the radiation.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………..
25- (1 MARK)
Define the Radioactivity.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………..
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DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM
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232 RAD
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