Download Section 1 World War I - Geneva Area City Schools

World War I
Section 1
World War I
The Great War Begins Section 1
Main Idea
Europe in 1914 was on the brink of war. After an assassination, the
nations of Europe were drawn one by one into what would be called the
Great War, or World War I.
Content Statement/Learning Goal
Explain how militarism, imperialism, nationalism and alliances
were causes of WWI.
Explain how advances in technology, communication and
transportation improved lives but also had negative
consequences.
Explain how and why oppression and discrimination resulted in
the Armenian Genocide during WWI.
World War I
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vocabulary
Franz Ferdinand
Neutral
Central Powers
Allied Powers
Western Front
World War I
vocabulary
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• Franz Ferdinand: Heir to the throne of AustriaHungary whose assassination by a Serb nationalist
started WWI.
• Neutral: in a war, not aiding either side.
• Central Powers: the alliance between Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire during
WWI.
• Allied Powers: the alliance formed between Britain,
France, and Russia during WWI.
• Western Front: during WWI, the deadlocked region in
northern France where German and Allied armies
faced off.
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World War I
1. Europe on the Brink of War
Rising tensions in Europe, 1914
• Tensions result of four factors
– Militarism
– Alliances
– Imperialism
– Nationalism
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World War I
1. Europe on the Brink of War
Militarism
Alliances
• 1880-1915- Massive military
buildup in Europe
• Nations formed partnerships to
protect against opposing forces
• Wanted to protect overseas
colonies from other nations
• Triple Alliance- Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman
Empire.
• Large Military = Wars
• Minor disagreements had
potential to turn to armed
conflict
• Especially Germany.
• Triple Entente- Great Britain
France, Russia, Serbia
• Belief no nation would attack
another
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World War I
1. Europe on the Brink of War
Imperialism
• Nations wanted to build empires
• Created rivalries
• Germany, France, Russia,
Great Britain vied to become
great imperial nations
• Each did not want others to
gain power
Nationalism
• Strong devotion to one’s
national group or culture
• Led to revolts and struggles for
power
• Most visible in Balkan
Peninsula, southeastern Europe
• Home to many ethnic groups
trying to break free from
Ottoman Empire
World War I
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2. Spark that starts WWI/Nationalism
• -Bosnian city of Sarajevo
• -Austria had just taken over six years earlier and
Bosnians bitterly opposed Austrian rule.
• -Serbian leaders hoped to unite ethnic Slavs in Bosnia,
but now Austria-Hungary stood in the way.
• *Nationalism
• -visit fell on St. Vitus Day: holiday celebrating Serbian
unity
• -Black Hand: Serbian terrorist group that plotted to kill
Franz Ferdinand. Wanted a “Greater Serbia”.
• -Gavril Princip assassinated Ferdinand and wife Sophie.
• -SPARKS WORLD WAR I
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World War I
2. War Breaks Out
In the midst of the tensions with Serbia, archduke Ferdinand of
Austria-Hungary decided to visit the Bosnian city of Sarajevo.
The Impact
• Serbian Gavrilo Princip
assassinated archduke & wife
• Austria-Hungary declared war
on Serbia
• Russia prepared to support
Serbia
• Austria-Hungary ally Germany
saw Russia as threat
• Germany declared war on
Russia and France
Fighting Begins
• Germany faced war on two
fronts: Russia to east, France
to west
• Decided to strike France
quickly then move to Russia
• Began with quick strike into
neutral Belgium
• Attack on neutral country led
Great Britain to declare war on
Germany
World War I
3. Militarism
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• 1880-1915- Massive military buildup in Europe
• Wanted to protect overseas colonies from other
nations  RESULT OF IMPERIALISM
• Large Military = Wars
• Minor disagreements had potential to turn to
armed conflict
• Across Europe, the size of armed forces and
navies had risen sharply, particularly in
Germany
World War I
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World War I
4.Alliances
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• Nations formed partnerships to protect against
opposing forces
• Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Italy (Italy later joins Allies), Ottoman Empire
• Triple Entente- Great Britain France, Russia,
Serbia
• Leaders hoped that these alliances would keep
the peace; served as form of checks and
balances.
• Belief no nation would attack another.
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World War I
4.War Breaks Out
Main players in World War I in place
• Central Powers
–
Germany
–
Austria-Hungary
–
Ottoman Empire
• Allied Powers
–
Great Britain
–
France
–
Russia
–
Serbia
–
Italy
World War I
5.Imperialism
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• Nations wanted to build empires
• Created rivalries
• Germany, France, Russia, Great Britain
vied to become great imperial nations
• Each did not want others to gain power
• Nations felt they could not stand idly by
while others gained power.
NATIONALISM-OR HYPERPATIRIOTISM.
World War I
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6.Nationalism on Balkan Peninsula
• -formation of new countries including Germany
and Italy (10-1+10-2)
• -home to many ethnic groups, trying to break
away from Ottoman Empire, which was on the
brink of collapse.
• -Some of the strongest nationalist tensions in the
Balkans were in Serbia.
• -Serbia was an independent nation, however,
many Serbs in other nations wanted to expand
Serbia’s borders and create “Greater Serbia”
• -Austria-Hungary opposed Serbian expansion.
World War I
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7.WhatWar
did IAustria-Hungary do to Serbia? How
was Russia
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World
involved?
• -Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, visits
Bosnian city of Sarajevo. June 28, 1914 he is
assassinated along with his wife by Serbian
nationalist.
• -Austria-Hungary used assassination as an excuse to
punish Serbia, after it is found a Serb committed
murders.
• -Austria-Hungary made a series of humiliating
demands on Serbia and declares war on Serbia on
July 28, 1914.
• -Russia saw itself as the defender of Slavic people
(Serbs in Serbia and throughout Europe).
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World
War I did Germany declare war onSection
7.Why
Russia?
• -As Russia prepared to fulfill this promise,
Germany (Austria-Hungary’s ally) declared war
on Russia and Russia’s ally France.
• -England eventually declares war on Russia
and Austria-Hungary as a result of their
commitment to France and due to the attack on
neutral Belgium.
• -Europe’s alliances turned the actions of a
single assassin into a major conflict.
World War I
8.Fighting in 1914
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Germany’s plan
• Germany wanted to quickly defeat France, move east to fight Russia
known as Schlieffen Plan 2 front war
• Germany moves through neutral Belgium which prompts Britain to
enter the war
• Great Britain’s declaration of war on Germany doomed its plan
• The Great War became bloody stalemate.
Early battles
• Battle of the Frontiers pitted German troops against both French and British
• Both sides suffered heavy losses
• Germany victorious
Russia enters fighting
• Russia attacked German territory from the east
• Russians defeated in Battle of Tannenberg
• Germany distracted from France, Allies turned on German invaders
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World War I
9.Fighting in 1914
Trench warfare begins
• Allied troops drove Germans back, Battle of the Marne,
September 1914
• Retreating Germans dug series of trenches along Aisne
River
– Waited in trenches for Allied attack
– Trenches elaborately constructed, cleverly concealed
• Allies dug trenches of their own
– Major battles for months with little change in positions
– Deadlocked region became known as Western Front
World War I
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World War I
Trench Warfare
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World War I
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World War I
Click the icon to play
Listen to History
audio.
Click the icon below
to connect to the
Interactive Maps.
Section 1